The Mediating Role of Perceived Stress in the Relationship Between Psychological Capital and Employee Voice: A Research in the Service Sector

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 18 Sayı: 39, 255 - 276, 01.07.2021

Sümeyra Ceyhan Olcay Okun

https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.835768

Öz

The effect of positive psychological resources of employees on positive results in business life and the development of these resources through nutrition are evolving towards employees who are strengthened and who Show more positive approaches. Psychological capital is one of the factors to improve the positive and positive aspects of individuals, to have positive experiences and to reduce their stress. However, stress is associated with many physical, behavioral or psychological negative consequences in business life. Employee voice, expressed as expressing constructive thoughts, stems from a cognitive cost and bene-fit calculation. At this point, the aim of the study is to measure the effect of psychological capital levels and perceived stress levels of employees in labor-intensive hotel enterprises on employee voiceover. In the study, primary data collection techniques were used as a scientific research method, and the universe of the study is composed of hotel staff operating in the province of Van. PLS-SEM method and SPSS 22.0 statistical analysis software were used to test the data obtained. According to the findings, it is seen that psychological capital affects perceived stress negatively and employee vocal positively and significantly. At the same time, perceived stress negatively and significantly affects employee vocalism. It has also been tested that perceived stress plays a mediating role in the effect of psychological capital on employee voices. In this context, it is aimed that the findings obtained within the scope of the study will contribute to the gap in the literature and at the same time provide useful information for researchers.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Perceived stress, employee voice, psychological capital

Psikolojik Sermaye ile Çalışan Sesliliği Arasındaki İlişkide Algılanan Stresin Aracılık Rolü: Hizmet Sektöründe Bir Araştırma

Öz

Çalışanların pozitif psikolojik kaynaklarının iş yaşamındaki olumlu sonuçlara etkisi ve bu kaynakların beslenerek geliştirilmesi, güçlenen ve daha olumlu yaklaşımlar gösteren çalışanlara doğru evrilmektedir. Psikolojik sermaye bireylerin olumlu ve pozitif yönlerinin geliştirilmesine, pozitif deneyimler yaşamalarına ve streslerini azaltıcı unsurlardan biridir. Ancak stres fiziksel, davranışsal veya psikolojik pek çok olumsuz sonuç ile iş yaşamın-da ilişkilendirilmektedir. Yapıcı düşüncelerin dile getirilmesi şeklinde ifade edilen çalışan sesliliği bilişsel bir maliyet ve fayda hesabından kaynaklanmaktadır. Bu noktada çalışmanın amacı, emek-yoğun otel işletmelerinde çalışanların psikolojik sermaye düzeylerinin ve algıladıkları stres düzeyinin, çalışan sesliliğine olan etkisini ölçmektir. Çalışmada bilimsel araştırma yöntemi olarak birincil veri toplama tekniklerinden faydalanılmış olup araştırmanın evrenini Van ilinde faaliyet gösteren otel çalışanları oluşturmaktadır. Elde edilen verilerin test edilmesi amacıyla PLS-SEM yöntemi ve SPSS 22.0 istatistiki analiz yazılımı kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre psikolojik sermaye algılanan stresi negatif ve çalışan sesliliğini pozitif yönlü ve anlamlı olarak etkilediği görülmektedir. Aynı zamanda algılanan stres çalışan sesliliğini negatif yönlü ve anlamlı olarak etkilemektedir. Ayrıca algılanan stresin, psikolojik sermayenin çalışan sesliliği üzerindeki etkisinde aracı rol oynadığı da test edilmiştir. Bu bağlamda çalışma kapsamında elde edilen bulguların literatürdeki eksikliğin giderilmesine katkı sağlayacağı aynı zamanda araştırmacılara yönelik yararlı bilgiler sunması hedeflenmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Algılanan Stres, Psikolojik Sermaye, Çalışan Sesliliği

Kaynakça

• Adams, R. D., Meyers, S. A. ve Beidas, R. S., (2016). The relationship between financial strain, perceived stress, psychological symptoms, and academic and social integration in undergraduate students. Journal of American College Health, DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2016.1154559.
• Aderibigbe, J. K. ve Mjoli, T., (2019). “Q. african journal of business & economic research”, 14(1), 85-111. 27p. DOI: 10.31920/1750-4562/2019/v14n1a5
• Adelman, K., (2012). Promoting employee voice and upward communication in health care: The CEO’s Influence. J Healthc Manag., 57(2), 133-47.
• Akçadağ, S. ve Özdemir, E. (2005). İnsan kaynakları kapsamında 4 ve 5 yıldızlı otel işletmelerinde iş tatmini: İstanbul’da yapılan ampirik bir çalışma, Kocaeli Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 10, 167-193.
• Allen, J.,Yoerger, Lehmann-Willenbrock, N. ve Jones, J., (2015). Would you please stop that!?: The relationship between counter productive meeting behaviors, employee voice and trust. Journal of Management Development, 34(10), 1272-1287.
• Avey, J., Wernsing, T. ve Luthans, F., (2008). Can positive employees help positive organizational change? Impact of psychological capital and emotions on relevant attitudes and behaviors. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 44(1), 48- 70.
• Bandura, A., (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York, NY: Freeman.
• Baron, R. M. ve Kenny, A. D., (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: conceptual, strategic and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality And Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173-1182.
• Beer, M. ve Eisenstat, R. (2000). The silent killers of strategy implementation and learning. Sloan Management Review, 41, 29-40.
• Burris, E. R., Rockmann, K. W. ve Kimmons, Y. S., (2017). The value of voice to managers: employee identification and the content of voice. Academy of Management Journal, 60(6), 2099-2125.
• Cohen, S., Kamarck, T. ve Robin, M., (1983). A global measure of perceived stress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 24(4), 385-396.
• Çetin, F., ve Basım, H. N., (2012). Örgütsel psikolojik sermaye: Bir ölçek uyarlama çalışması. Amme İdaresi Dergisi, 45(1), 121-137.
• Detert, J. R., ve Burris, E. R., (2007). Leadership behavior and employee voice: Is the door really open?. Academy of Management Journal, 50, 869–884.
• Erkuş, A., ve Fındıklı, M. A. (2013). A study on the effect of psychological capital on job satisfaction, job performance and intention to quit. Journal of Istanbul University Faculty of Business Administration, 4(22), 302-318.
• Farndale, E., Van Ruıten, j., Hope-Hailey, V. ve Kelliher, C., (2011). The influence of perceived employee voice on organizational commitment: an exchange perspective. Human Resource Management, 50(1), 113-129, DOI: 10.1002/hrm.20404.
• Gunawardana, S. J., (2014). Reframing employee voice: A case study in sri lanka’s export processing zones. Work, Employment and Society, 28(3), 452– 468.
• Hair, J. F., Black W. C., Babin B. J. ve Anderson, R.E. (2009). Multivariate data analysis. Printice Hall
• Hair, J. F., Risher, J. J., Sarstedt, M. and Ringle, C. M. (2019). When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM. European Business Review, 31(1), 2-24.
• Hair, JR, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M. ve Sarstedt, M., (2014). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Sage Publications, Thous and Oaks, California, 307p.
• Haskins, M. E., ve Freeman R. E., (2015). What managers should never want to hear: silence. Management Decision, 53(6), 1300 – 1311.
• Haq, I. U., (2014). Work place ostracism and job outcomes: moderating effects of psychological capital. International Conference on Management, Knowledge and Learning, 25-27.
• Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M. ve Sinkovics, R. R., (2009). The use of partial least squares path modeling in international marketing. in r. r. sinkovics & p. n. ghauri (Eds.), Advances in International Marketing. Emerald, Bingley, 277-320.
• Hobfoll, S. E., (1989). Conservation of Resources: A new attempt at conceptualizing stress. American psychologist American psychological association, 44(3), 513-525.
• Kell, Harrison J., Robbins, Steven B., ve Su, R. (2018). ETS Research report series, (EJ1202767).
• Küçükusta, D., (2007). Konaklama işletmelerinde iş-yaşam dengesinin çalışma yaşamı kalitesi üzerindeki etkisi. Doktora tezi, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İzmir.
• Li, C., Liang, J., ve Farh, J. L. (2018). Speaking up when water is murky: An uncertainty-based model linking perceived organizational politics to employee voice. Journal of Management, 46(3), 443-469. DOI: 10.1177/0149206318798025.
• Luthans, F., (2002). The need for and meaning of positive organizational behavior. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23(6), 695-706.
• Luthans, F., Youssef, C. M., ve Avolio, B. J., (2007a). Psychological capital: developing the human competitive edge. New York: Oxford UniversityPress.
• Luthans, F., Avolio, B., Avey, J. B., ve Norman, S. M. (2007b). Psychological capital: measurement and relationship with performance and job satisfaction. Personnel Psychology, 60, 541-572.
• Luthans, F. (2012). Psychological capital: Implications for hrd, retrospective analysis, and future directions. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 23(1), 1-8. doi: 10.1002hrdq. 21119.
• Mensah, j., ve Amponsah-Tawiah, K., (2016). Mitigating occupational stress: The role of psychological capital. Journal of work place behavioral health. 31(4),189-203. DOI: 10.1080/15555240.2016.1198701.
• Met, Ö. ve Erdem, B. (2006). Konaklama işletmelerinde konaklama işletmelerinde verimliliğin ölçülmesi ve verimliliği verimliliğin ölçülmesi ve verimliliği etkileyen etkenlerin analizi etkileyen etkenlerin analizi. Ticaret ve Turizm Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 2, 53-73.
• Milliken, F J, Morrison, E W. ve Hewlin P (2003). An exploratory study of employee silence: issues that employees don’t communicate upward and why. Journal of Management Studies, 40, 1453-1476.
• Morrison, E. W. (2011). Employee voice behavior: integration and directions for future research. The Academy of Management Annals, 5(1), 373-412.
• Morrison, E. W. ve Milliken, F. J. (2003). Speaking up, remaining silent: The dynamics of voice and silence in organizations. Journal of Management Studies, 40(6), 1353-1358.
• Okun, O., (2017). Psikolojik sermayenin iş gören sesliliğine etkisinde iyi olma halinin araci rolü. Doktora tezi, Hasan Kalyoncu Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İşletme Anabilim Dalı, Gaziantep.
• Ringle, C. M., Wende, S. ve Will, A., (2005). Smart PLS2.0. University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
• Sameer, Y. M., Mohamad S. ve Mohamed, A. A. (2019). Antecedents of psychological capital: the role of work design. Journal of Economics & Management, 35(1), 124-149.
• Santiago, P. H. R., Roberts, R., Smithers, L. G. ve Jamieson, L. (2019). Stress beyond coping? A rasch analysis of the perceived stress scale (PSS-14) in an aboriginal population. PlusPone, 14(5), 1-24. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216333.
• Seligman, M. E. P. ve Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000). Positivepsychology: An introduction. American Psychologist, 55(1), 5-14.
• Smith, A. (2005). An inquiry into the nature and causes of the wealth of nations. Hazleton, PA: Electronic Classics Series. (Original work published 1776).
• Snyder, C. R. (2000). Hand book of hope. San Diego: AcademicPress.
• Şahin, Ç. (2013). Impact of teachers’ perceptions of organizational support, management openness and personality traits on voice. Educational Research and Reviews, 8(18), 1-10.
• Turunç, Ö. (2015). İş stresi - kaytarma ilişkisinde liderin rolü: Turizm sektöründe bir araştırma. Uluslararası İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 1(2), 142-159.
• Vakola, M. ve Bouradas, D. (2005). Antecedents and consequences of organisational silence: An empirical investigation. Employee Relations, 27(4/5), 441-458.
• Van Dyne, L. ve Lepine, J. A. (1998). Helping and voice extra-role behaviour: Evidence of constructand predictive validity. The Academy of Management Journal, 41(1), 108- 119.