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A Research on the Relation between Cultural Intelligence Levels of Expatriates and Expatriate Effectiveness

Yıl 2022, , 354 - 364, 30.03.2022
https://doi.org/10.26466/opusjsr.1093809

Öz

Expatriate effectiveness and its components appear as a subject that has been studied by many researchers in the international human resources literature. Cultural intelligence is also seen as another important issue that enables researchers to understand the differentiation between individuals in terms of intercultural harmony and holding on in an unfamiliar environment. In this study, it was aimed to determine whether there is a relationship between cultural intelligence and foreign manager effectiveness. It is thought that examining these two important issues together will contribute to the literature. This research was designed and conducted to examine the relation between cultural intelligence and expatiate effectiveness. In order to analyze the hypotheses that are gathered from the literature, a scale with 37 items was used. The data was collected from 168 participants via convenience sampling method from several countries via questionnaires. In the model of this research, cultural intelligence is an independent variable, expatriate effectiveness is a dependent variable. The analysis of the results showed that cultural intelligence has positive effects on expatriate effectiveness. The expatriate with a high level of cultural intelligence is interested in the culture of the host country to which he/she is sent for duty, he can see the differences between his own culture and this different culture, he is willing to learn this different culture and adapts to the culture of the host country. The expatriate with a high level of cultural intelligence learns the behavioral patterns that are deemed appropriate by the culture of the host country and acts according to these patterns. Thus, interaction takes place between the expatriate and the employees who are citizens of the host country.

Kaynakça

  • Alon, I. and Higgins, J. M. (2005). Global leadership success through emotional and cultural intelligences. Business Horizons, 48(6,: 501-512.
  • Ang, S., Van Dyne, L., Koh, C. and Ng, K. Y. (2004). The measure of cultural intelligence. Academy of Management. New Orleans.
  • Ang, S., Van Dyne, L. and Koh, C. (2008). Development and Validation of the CQS. Ang and Van Dyne. (Der.), Handbook of Cultural Intelligence: Theory, Measurements, and Applications içinde London: M.E. Sharpe.
  • Arthur, W. and Bennett, W. (1995). The international assignee: The relative importance of factors perceived to contribute to success. Personnel Psychology, 48, 99-114.
  • Aycan, Z. and Kanungo, R.N. (1997). Current issues and future challenges in yabancı yönetici management. In Z. Aycan, (Der.), Yabancı yönetici management: Theory and Research içinde Greenwich, Connecticut: JAI Press. p.245- 260.
  • Bandura, A. (2002). Social cognitive theory in cultural context. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 51, 269-290.
  • Baykara, S. and Kuzulu, E. (2021). Erasmus öğrenim hareketliliği öğrencilerinin kültürel zekâ seviyeleri ve program deneyimleri üzerine bir araştırma. Avrasya Uluslararası Araştırmalar Dergisi, 9, 110-126. 10.33692/avrasyad.895457.
  • Black, J. S. and Gregersen, H. B. (1990). Expectations, satisfaction, and intention to leave of American yabancı yönetici managers in Japan. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 14, 485-506.
  • Black, J. S. and Stephens, G. K. (1989). The influence of the spouse on American yabancı yönetici adjustment and intent to stay in Pacific Rim overseas assignments. Journal of Management, 15, 529–544.
  • Blau, G. (2000). Job, organizational, professional context antecedents as predictors of intent for interrole work transitions. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 56(3), 330–445.
  • Caligiuri, P. M. (1997). Assessing Yabancı yönetici Success: Beyond Just Being There. Aycan, Z., (Der.), Yabancı yönetici Management: Theory and Practice içinde Greenwich, CT: JAI Press, p.17-140.
  • Can, E. (2012). Uluslararası işletmecilik. Beta Yayın Dağıtım.
  • Carmeli, A. (2005). The relationship between organizational culture and withdrawal intentions and behavior. International Journal of Manpower, 26(2), 177–195.
  • Cohen, A. (1993). Work commitment in relations to withdrawal intentions and union effectiveness. Journal of Business Research, 26(1), 75-90.
  • Cushner, K. and Brislin, R.W. (1996). Intercultural Interactions: A Practical Guide. SAGE Publications.
  • Deci, E.L. and Ryan, R.M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. New York: Plenum.
  • Gullick, C. J. M. R. (1990). Yabancı yönetici British executives and culture shock. Studies in Third World Societies, 42, 173-206.
  • Guzzo, R. A., Noonan, K. A., and Elron, E. (1994). Yabancı yönetici managers and the psychological contract. Journal of Applied Psychology, 79, 617-626.
  • Hechanova, R., Beehr, T.A., and Christiansen, N.D. (2003). Antecedents and consequences of employees’ adjustment to overseas assignment: A meta-analytic review. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 52, 213–236.
  • Johnson, J. P., Lenartowıcz, T. and Apud, S. (2006). Cross-cultural competence in ınternational business: toward a definition and a model. Journal of International Business Studies, 374,525-543.
  • Kraimer, M.L., Wayne, S.J., and Jaworski, R.A. (2001) Sources of Support and Expatriate Performance: The mediating role of expatriate adjustment. Personnel Psychology, 54(1), 71–99.
  • Kuzulu, E. (2021). Uluslararası İnsan Kaynakları Yönetimi. E. Kuzulu (Der.), in, İKY 4.0-İnsan kaynakları yönetimine modern bir bakış. Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
  • Lloyd, S. L. and Hartel, C., (2003). Working abroad: Competencies yabancı yöneticis need to successfully cope with the intercultural experience. Journal of Doing Business Across Borders, 2(2), 54-66.
  • Miller, H. E., Katerberg, R. and Hulin, C. L. (1979). Evaluation of the Mobley, Horner, and Hollingsworth model of employee turnover. Journal of Applied Psychology, 64(5), 509-17.
  • Mobley, W. H., Hoerner, S. O. and Hollingsworth, A. T. (1978). An evaluation of precursors of hospital employee turnover. Journal of Applied Psychology, 63(4), 408-14.
  • Shaffer, M. A., Harrison, D. A., Gregersen, H., Black, J. S. and Ferzandi, L. A., (2006). You can take it with you: Individual differences and yabancı yönetici effectiveness. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91, 109-125.
  • Tung, R. (1984). Strategic management of human resources in the multinational enterprise. Human Resource Management, 23(2), 129-43.
  • Zakaria, N. (2000). The effects of cross-cultural training on the acculturation process of the global workforce. International Journal of Manpower, 21, 492-498.
  • Zeira, Y. and Banai, M. (1985). Selection of yabancı yönetici managers in multinational corporations: The host environment point of view. International Studies of Management and Organization, 15, 33-51.
Yıl 2022, , 354 - 364, 30.03.2022
https://doi.org/10.26466/opusjsr.1093809

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Alon, I. and Higgins, J. M. (2005). Global leadership success through emotional and cultural intelligences. Business Horizons, 48(6,: 501-512.
  • Ang, S., Van Dyne, L., Koh, C. and Ng, K. Y. (2004). The measure of cultural intelligence. Academy of Management. New Orleans.
  • Ang, S., Van Dyne, L. and Koh, C. (2008). Development and Validation of the CQS. Ang and Van Dyne. (Der.), Handbook of Cultural Intelligence: Theory, Measurements, and Applications içinde London: M.E. Sharpe.
  • Arthur, W. and Bennett, W. (1995). The international assignee: The relative importance of factors perceived to contribute to success. Personnel Psychology, 48, 99-114.
  • Aycan, Z. and Kanungo, R.N. (1997). Current issues and future challenges in yabancı yönetici management. In Z. Aycan, (Der.), Yabancı yönetici management: Theory and Research içinde Greenwich, Connecticut: JAI Press. p.245- 260.
  • Bandura, A. (2002). Social cognitive theory in cultural context. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 51, 269-290.
  • Baykara, S. and Kuzulu, E. (2021). Erasmus öğrenim hareketliliği öğrencilerinin kültürel zekâ seviyeleri ve program deneyimleri üzerine bir araştırma. Avrasya Uluslararası Araştırmalar Dergisi, 9, 110-126. 10.33692/avrasyad.895457.
  • Black, J. S. and Gregersen, H. B. (1990). Expectations, satisfaction, and intention to leave of American yabancı yönetici managers in Japan. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 14, 485-506.
  • Black, J. S. and Stephens, G. K. (1989). The influence of the spouse on American yabancı yönetici adjustment and intent to stay in Pacific Rim overseas assignments. Journal of Management, 15, 529–544.
  • Blau, G. (2000). Job, organizational, professional context antecedents as predictors of intent for interrole work transitions. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 56(3), 330–445.
  • Caligiuri, P. M. (1997). Assessing Yabancı yönetici Success: Beyond Just Being There. Aycan, Z., (Der.), Yabancı yönetici Management: Theory and Practice içinde Greenwich, CT: JAI Press, p.17-140.
  • Can, E. (2012). Uluslararası işletmecilik. Beta Yayın Dağıtım.
  • Carmeli, A. (2005). The relationship between organizational culture and withdrawal intentions and behavior. International Journal of Manpower, 26(2), 177–195.
  • Cohen, A. (1993). Work commitment in relations to withdrawal intentions and union effectiveness. Journal of Business Research, 26(1), 75-90.
  • Cushner, K. and Brislin, R.W. (1996). Intercultural Interactions: A Practical Guide. SAGE Publications.
  • Deci, E.L. and Ryan, R.M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. New York: Plenum.
  • Gullick, C. J. M. R. (1990). Yabancı yönetici British executives and culture shock. Studies in Third World Societies, 42, 173-206.
  • Guzzo, R. A., Noonan, K. A., and Elron, E. (1994). Yabancı yönetici managers and the psychological contract. Journal of Applied Psychology, 79, 617-626.
  • Hechanova, R., Beehr, T.A., and Christiansen, N.D. (2003). Antecedents and consequences of employees’ adjustment to overseas assignment: A meta-analytic review. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 52, 213–236.
  • Johnson, J. P., Lenartowıcz, T. and Apud, S. (2006). Cross-cultural competence in ınternational business: toward a definition and a model. Journal of International Business Studies, 374,525-543.
  • Kraimer, M.L., Wayne, S.J., and Jaworski, R.A. (2001) Sources of Support and Expatriate Performance: The mediating role of expatriate adjustment. Personnel Psychology, 54(1), 71–99.
  • Kuzulu, E. (2021). Uluslararası İnsan Kaynakları Yönetimi. E. Kuzulu (Der.), in, İKY 4.0-İnsan kaynakları yönetimine modern bir bakış. Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
  • Lloyd, S. L. and Hartel, C., (2003). Working abroad: Competencies yabancı yöneticis need to successfully cope with the intercultural experience. Journal of Doing Business Across Borders, 2(2), 54-66.
  • Miller, H. E., Katerberg, R. and Hulin, C. L. (1979). Evaluation of the Mobley, Horner, and Hollingsworth model of employee turnover. Journal of Applied Psychology, 64(5), 509-17.
  • Mobley, W. H., Hoerner, S. O. and Hollingsworth, A. T. (1978). An evaluation of precursors of hospital employee turnover. Journal of Applied Psychology, 63(4), 408-14.
  • Shaffer, M. A., Harrison, D. A., Gregersen, H., Black, J. S. and Ferzandi, L. A., (2006). You can take it with you: Individual differences and yabancı yönetici effectiveness. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91, 109-125.
  • Tung, R. (1984). Strategic management of human resources in the multinational enterprise. Human Resource Management, 23(2), 129-43.
  • Zakaria, N. (2000). The effects of cross-cultural training on the acculturation process of the global workforce. International Journal of Manpower, 21, 492-498.
  • Zeira, Y. and Banai, M. (1985). Selection of yabancı yönetici managers in multinational corporations: The host environment point of view. International Studies of Management and Organization, 15, 33-51.
Toplam 29 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Research Articles
Yazarlar

Ece Kuzulu Bu kişi benim 0000-0003-2172-1619

Cavide Uyargil Bu kişi benim 0000-0003-3643-2107

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Mart 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022

Kaynak Göster

APA Kuzulu, E., & Uyargil, C. (2022). A Research on the Relation between Cultural Intelligence Levels of Expatriates and Expatriate Effectiveness. OPUS Journal of Society Research, 19(46), 354-364. https://doi.org/10.26466/opusjsr.1093809