The Impact of Organizational Trust, Readiness for Change, and Individual Tenure on Organizational Identification: Empirical Research on School Teachers in Turkey

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 48, 633 - 647, 05.08.2022

Karahan Kara Murat Sağbaş

https://doi.org/10.26466/opusjsr.1117877

Öz

Organizational identification basically shows individual organization fit. Tenure, organizational trust and readiness for change levels of individuals are among the main factors affecting the relationship between individual and organization harmony. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of tenure, organizational trust, and readiness for change levels of teachers working in primary schools on organizational identification. Hierarchical regression analysis has been applied. Three models and three hypotheses have been developed. The sample area of the study consists of primary school teachers working in Istanbul. The sample area has been determined by simple random method. 473 questionnaires have been collected. According to the analysis findings, all hypotheses have been accepted. In the first model, teachers' tenures have a low-level significant effect on organizational identification. In the second model, teachers' tenures and readiness for changes have a moderately significant effect on organizational identification. In the third model, teachers' tenures, readiness for changes and organizational trust have a highly significant effect on organizational identification. As a result of the research, implications for school administrators and school institutions have been presented.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Organizational Identification, Organizational Trust, Readiness for Change, Hierarchical Regression Analysis

Kaynakça

• Akman, Y. (2017). Öğretmenlerin algılarına göre iş motivasyonu ve örgütsel özdeşleşme arasındaki ilişki. HAYEF Journal of Education, 14(1), 71-88.
• Al-Tahitah, A., Abdulrab, M., Alwaheeb, M. A., Al-Mamary, Y. H. S., & Ibrahim, I. (2020). The effect of learning organizational culture on readiness for change and commitment to change in educational sector in Yemen. Journal of Critical Reviews, 7(9), 1019-1026.
• Armenakis, A. A., & Bedeian, A. G. (1999). Organizational change: A review of theory and research in the 1990s. Journal of management, 25(3), 293-315.
• Asbari, M., Hidayat, D. D., & Purwanto, A. (2021). Managing Employee Performance: From Leadership to Readiness for Change. International Journal of Social and Management Studies, 2(1), 74-85.
• Ashforth, B. E., & Mael, F. (1989). Social identity theory and the organization. Academy of management review, 14(1), 20-39.
• Ates, M. F., Mert, İ. S., & Turgut, H. (2017). The Indirect Effect of Organizational Prestige on the Effect of Organizational Trust and Organizational Support on Organizational Identification. European Journal of Business and Management, 9(18), 103-117.
• Avanzi, L., Fraccaroli, F., Castelli, L., Marcionetti, J., Crescentini, A., Balducci, C., & van Dick, R. (2018). How to mobilize social support against workload and burnout: The role of organizational identification. Teaching and Teacher Education, 69, 154-167.
• Bamber, E. M., & Iyer, V. M. (2002). Big 5 auditors' professional and organizational identification: Consistency or conflict?. Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory, 21(2), 21-38.
• Basar, U., & Sigri, Ü. (2015). Effects of Teachers' Organizational Justice Perceptions on Intention to Quit: Mediation Role of Organizational Identification. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 15(1), 45-59.
• Brislin, R. W., Lonner, W. and Thorndike, R. M. (1973) Cross-cultural research methods. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
• Buyukozturk, S., Cakmak, E. K., Akgun, O. E, Karadeniz, S. & Demirel, F. (2016). Bilimsel arastirma yontemleri. Pegem Akademi.
• Campbell, J. W., & Im, T. (2015). Identification and trust in public organizations: A communicative approach. Public Management Review, 17(8), 1065-1084.
• Christ, O., Van Dick, R., Wagner, U., & Stellmacher, J. (2003). When teachers go the extra mile: Foci of organisational identification as determinants of different forms of organisational citizenship behaviour among schoolteachers. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 73(3), 329-341.
• Chughtai, A. A., & Buckley, F. (2010). Assessing the effects of organizational identification on in-role job performance and learning behaviour: The mediating role of learning goal orientation. Personnel Review, 39(2), 242-258.
• Çakinberk, A., Derin, N., & Demirel, E. T. (2011). Shaping of organizational identification by organizational commitment: example of private education institutions in Malatya and Tunceli. İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3(1), 89-121.
• Çelik, A., & Findik, M. (2012). The effect of perceived organizational support on organizational identification. International Journal of Economics and Management Engineering, 6(8), 2089-2094.
• Dahmardeh, M., & Nastiezaie, N. (2019). The Impact of Organizational Trust on Organizational Commitment Through the Mediating Variable of Organizational Participation. Management Researches, 12(44), 155-180.
• De Roeck, K., & Delobbe, N. (2012). Do environmental CSR initiatives serve organizations’ legitimacy in the oil industry? Exploring employees’ reactions through organizational identification theory. Journal of business ethics, 110(4), 397-412.
• DeConinck, J. B. (2010). The effect of organizational justice, perceived organizational support, and perceived supervisor support on marketing employees' level of trust. Journal of business research, 63(12), 1349-1355.
• DeConinck, J. B. (2011). The effects of ethical climate on organizational identification, supervisory trust, and turnover among salespeople. Journal of Business Research, 64(6), 617-624.
• Drzensky, F., Egold, N., & van Dick, R. (2012). Ready for a change? A longitudinal study of antecedents, consequences and contingencies of readiness for change. Journal of Change Management, 12(1), 95-111.
• Dutton, J. E., Dukerich, J. M., & Harquail, C. V. (1994). Organizational images and member identification. Administrative science quarterly, 39(2), 239-263.
• Efraty, D., & Wolfe, D. M. (1988). The effect of organizational identification on employee affective and performance responses. Journal of Business and Psychology, 3(1), 105-112.
• Emsza, B., Eliyana, A., & Istyarini, W. (2016). The relationship between self efficacy and readiness for change: The mediator roles of employee empowerment. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 7(3 S1), 201-201.
• Erdal, N., & Altindag, E. (2020). Research on the effects of job satisfaction on organizational trust and organizational citizenship in health workers: a case study of university hospitals. Journal of Management Marketing and Logistics, 7(3), 124-142.
• Ertürk, A. (2010). Exploring predictors of organizational identification: Moderating role of trust on the associations between empowerment, organizational support, and identification. European journal of work and organizational psychology, 19(4), 409-441.
• Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of marketing research, 18(1), 39-50.
• Gelaidan, H. M., Al-Swidi, A., & Mabkhot, H. A. (2018). Employee readiness for change in public higher education institutions: examining the joint effect of leadership behavior and emotional intelligence. International Journal of Public Administration, 41(2), 150-158.
• Guglielmi, D., Panari, C., Simbula, S., & Mazzetti, G. (2014). Is it possible to motivate teachers? The role of organizational identification. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 116, 1842-1847.
• Gustafsson, S., Gillespie, N., Searle, R., Hope Hailey, V., & Dietz, G. (2021). Preserving organizational trust during disruption. Organization studies, 42(9), 1409-1433.
• Gürbüz, S., & Şahin, F. (2018). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntemleri (5.Baskı). Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık, p.271. Hall, D. T., Schneider, B., & Nygren, H. T. (1970). Personal factors in organizational identification. Administrative science quarterly, 15(2), 176-190.
• Hall, D. T., & Schneider, B. (1972). Correlates of Organizational Identification as a Function of Career Pattern and Organizational Type. Administrative Science Quarterly, 17(3), 159-161.
• Hameed, I., Khan, A. K., Sabharwal, M., Arain, G. A., & Hameed, I. (2019). Managing successful change efforts in the public sector: An employee’s readiness for change perspective. Review of Public Personnel Administration, 39(3), 398-421.
• Hameed, I., Roques, O., & Ali Arain, G. (2013). Nonlinear moderating effect of tenure on organizational identification (OID) and the subsequent role of OID in fostering readiness for change. Group & Organization Management, 38(1), 101-127.
• Hanpachern C. (1997). The extension of the theory of margin: A framework for assessing readiness for change. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Colorado State University, Fort Collins.
• He, H., & Brown, A. D. (2013). Organizational identity and organizational identification: A review of the literature and suggestions for future research. Group & Organization Management, 38(1), 3-35.
• He, H., Zhu, W., & Zheng, X. (2014). Procedural justice and employee engagement: Roles of organizational identification and moral identity centrality. Journal of business ethics, 122(4), 681-695.
• Hinrichs, J. R. (1964). The attitudes of research chemists. Journal of Applied Psychology, 48(5), 287.
• Holt, D. T., Armenakis, A. A., Feild, H. S., & Harris, S. G. (2007). Readiness for organizational change: The systematic development of a scale. The Journal of applied behavioral science, 43(2), 232-255.
• Hustus, C. L., & Owens, J. S. (2018, December). Assessing readiness for change among school professionals and its relationship with adoption and reported implementation of mental health initiatives. In Child & Youth Care Forum. Springer.
• Jones, C., & Volpe, E. H. (2011). Organizational identification: Extending our understanding of social identities through social networks. Journal of organizational behavior, 32(3), 413-434.
• Jones, R. A., Jimmieson, N. L., & Griffiths, A. (2005). The impact of organizational culture and reshaping capabilities on change implementation success: The mediating role of readiness for change. Journal of management studies, 42(2), 361-386.
• Karanika-Murray, M., Duncan, N., Pontes, H., & Griffiths, M. D. (2015). Organizational identification, work engagement, and job satisfaction. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 30(8), 1019-1033.
• Karsantik, I. (2021). Teachers' Perceptions of Readiness for Change and Innovation Management in Their Schools. International Online Journal of Education and Teaching, 8(1), 261-287.
• Kaya, Ş. D., İleri, Y. Y., & Yüceler, A. (2017). Effects of organizational trust on identification in a university hospital in Turkey. Journal of Human Sciences, 14(2), 2014-2020.
• Kline, R. B., (2011). Principles and practice of structural equation modelling (3rd ed.). New York, Guilford press. Kreiner, G. E., & Ashforth, B. E. (2004). Evidence toward an expanded model of organizational identification. Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 25(1), 1-27.
• Lambert, E. G., Qureshi, H., Nalla, M. K., Holbrook, M. A., & Frank, J. (2022). Organizational trust and job stress: a preliminary study among police officers. Asian Journal of Criminology, 17(1), 81-103.
• Lee, E. S., Park, T. Y., & Koo, B. (2015). Identifying organizational identification as a basis for attitudes and behaviors: A meta-analytic review. Psychological bulletin, 141(5), 1049.
• Lee, Y., & Li, J. Y. Q. (2021). The role of communication transparency and organizational trust in publics' perceptions, attitudes and social distancing behaviour: A case study of the COVID‐19 outbreak. Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, 29(4), 368-384.
• Lewicki, R. J., McAllister, D. J., & Bies, R. J. (1998). Trust and distrust: New relationships and realities. Academy of management Review, 23(3), 438-458.
• Li, Y., Liu, Z., Qin, K., Cui, J., Zeng, X., Ji, M., ... & Li, Y. (2021). Organizational trust and safety operation behavior in airline pilots: The mediating effects of organizational identification and organizational commitment. Journal of Air Transport Management, 92, 102018.
• Lin, C. P. (2010). Modeling corporate citizenship, organizational trust, and work engagement based on attachment theory. Journal of Business Ethics, 94(4), 517-531.
• Lin, Z., & Shin, H. (2021). Structural relationship between organizational justice, organizational trust, and knowledge sharing and innovative behavior: Focus on professors from Chinese sport universities. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 21(2), 882-893.
• Madsen, S. R., Miller, D., & John, C. R. (2005). Readiness for organizational change: do organizational commitment and social relationships in the workplace make a difference?. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 16(2), 213-234.
• Mael, F., & Ashforth, B. E. (1992). Alumni and their alma mater: A partial test of the reformulated model of organizational identification. Journal of organizational Behavior, 13(2), 103-123.
• March, J. G., & Simon, H. A. (1958) Organizations. New York: Wileyç
• McAuley, C. D. (2016). Servant leadership, exemplary followership, and organizational trust: A quantitative correlational study in performing arts organizations. Doctoral dissertation. University of Phoenix.
• Mignonac, K., Herrbach, O., & Guerrero, S. (2006). The interactive effects of perceived external prestige and need for organizational identification on turnover intentions. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 69(3), 477-493.
• Nordin, N. (2012). The influence of leadership behavior and organizational commitment on organizational readiness for change in a higher learning institution. Asia Pacific Education Review, 13(2), 239-249.
• Novitasari, D. (2021). Readiness for Change: The Secret to Managing Employee Performance. International Journal of Social and Management Studies, 2(2), 122-134.
• Nyhan, R. C., & Marlowe Jr, H. A. (1997). Development and psychometric properties of the organizational trust inventory. Evaluation Review, 21(5), 614-635.
• Olafsen, A. H., Nilsen, E. R., Smedsrud, S., & Kamaric, D. (2021). Sustainable development through commitment to organizational change: the implications of organizational culture and individual readiness for change. The Journal of Workplace Learning, 33(3), 180-196.
• Özdemir, A. (2010). Örgütsel özdeşleşmenin algılanan örgütsel destek, cinsiyet ve kıdem değişkenlerine göre incelenmesi. Türkiye Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 1, 237-250.
• Paliszkiewicz, J., Koohang, A., Gołuchowski, J., & Nord, J. H. (2014). Management trust, organizational trust, and organizational performance: advancing and measuring a theoretical model. Management and Production Engineering Review, 5(1), 32-41.
• Polat, M., & Meydan, C. H. (2010). Örgütsel özdeşleşmenin sinizm ve işten ayrılma niyeti ile ilişkisi üzerine bir araştırma. Savunma Bilimleri Dergisi, 9(1), 145-172.
• Pucetaite, R., & Novelskaite, A. (2014). The mediating effect of organizational trust in the relationship between leader member exchange and organizational innovativeness. Economics and Management, 19(2), 192-201.
• Reade, C. (2001). Antecedents of organizational identification in multinational corporations: Fostering psychological attachment to the local subsidiary and the global organization. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 12(8), 1269-1291.
• Riketta, M. (2005). Organizational identification: A meta-analysis. Journal of vocational behavior, 66(2), 358-384.
• Sarıkaya, Ş., & Kara, B. K. (2020). Organizational trust and organizational support as a predictor of job satisfaction. International Journal of Curriculum and Instruction, 12, 435-466.
• Shah, N. (2011). A study of the relationship between organisational justice and employee readiness for change. Journal of Enterprise Information Management, 24(3), 224-236.
• Shah, N., Irani, Z., & Sharif, A. M. (2017). Big data in an HR context: Exploring organizational change readiness, employee attitudes and behaviors. Journal of Business Research, 70, 366-378.
• Stets, J. E., & Burke, P. J. (2000). Identity theory and social identity theory. Social Psychology Quarterly, 63(3), 224-237.
• Su, T. S., Chen, C., Cui, X., Yang, C., & Ma, W. (2020). Consistency at different levels: A meta-analytic examination of organizational trust and performance. Nankai Business Review International, 11(4), 537-567.
• Tabachnick, B. G., Fidell, L. S., & Ullman, J. B. (2007). Using multivariate statistics (Vol. 5, p.481-498). Boston, MA: pearson.
• Tekingündüz, S., Karabel, E., Zekioğlu, A., & Sünbül, S. Ö. (2020). Modeling the Relationship Between Organizational Trust, Job Performance, Identity and Organizational Identification. İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 12(2), 1192-1206.
• Top, M., Tarcan, M., Tekingündüz, S., & Hikmet, N. (2012). An analysis of relationships among transformational leadership, job satisfaction, organizational commitment and organizational trust in two Turkish hospitals. The International Journal of Health Planning and Management, 28(3), e217-41.
• Töre, E., & Erel, A. N. (2020). Effects of teacher organizational identification on emotional labor. International Journal of Eurasian Education and Culture, 10(5), 1722-1748.
• Türköz, T., Polat, M., & Coşar, S. (2013). Çalışanların örgütsel güven ve sinizm algılarının örgütsel bağlılıkları üzerindeki rolü. Yönetim ve Ekonomi: Celal Bayar Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 20(2), 285-302.
• Tüzün, İ. K., & Çağlar, İ. (2009). Investigating the antecedents of organizational identification. Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 10(2), 284-293.
• Uzun, T. (2018). Öğretmenlerin algıladığı örgütsel destek ile örgütsel özdeşleşme ve işten ayrılma niyeti arasındaki ilişki: Örgütsel güvenin aracı rolü. Karadeniz Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 10(18), 133-155.
• Van Dick, R., Hirst, G., Grojean, M. W., & Wieseke, J. (2007). Relationships between leader and follower organizational identification and implications for follower attitudes and behaviour. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 80(1), 133-150.
• Van Knippenberg, D., & Van Schie, E. C. (2000). Foci and correlates of organizational identification. Journal of occupational and organizational psychology, 73(2), 137-147.
• Wan‐Huggins, V. N., Riordan, C. M., & Griffeth, R. W. (1998). The development and longitudinal test of a model of organizational identification. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 28(8), 724-749.
• Wang, T., Olivier, D. F., & Chen, P. (2020). Creating individual and organizational readiness for change: conceptualization of system readiness for change in school education. International Journal of Leadership in Education, Ahead-of-Print, 1-25.
• Wilkins, S., Butt, M. M., Kratochvil, D., & Balakrishnan, M. S. (2016). The effects of social identification and organizational identification on student commitment, achievement and satisfaction in higher education. Studies in higher education, 41(12), 2232-2252.
• Yildiz, H. (2019). The interactive effect of positive psychological capital and organizational trust on organizational citizenship behavior. Sage Open, 9(3), 2158244019862661.
• Yildiz, K. (2013). Analysis of the Relation of Teachers' Organizational Identification and Organizational Communication. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 13(1), 264-272.
• Yu, M. C., Mai, Q., Tsai, S. B., & Dai, Y. (2018). An empirical study on the organizational trust, employee-organization relationship and innovative behavior from the integrated perspective of social exchange and organizational sustainability. Sustainability, 10(3), 864.
• Yue, C. A., Men, L. R., & Ferguson, M. A. (2021). Examining the effects of internal communication and emotional culture on employees’ organizational identification. International Journal of Business Communication, 58(2), 169-195.
• Zayim, M., & Kondakci, Y. (2015). An exploration of the relationship between readiness for change and organizational trust in Turkish public schools. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 43(4), 610-625.
• Zhang, Y., & Chen, C. C. (2013). Developmental leadership and organizational citizenship behavior: Mediating effects of self-determination, supervisor identification, and organizational identification. The Leadership Quarterly, 24(4), 534-543.