Review of the Effect of Problem-Solving Training Group on the Social Problem-Solving Skills of Female Convicts

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 20 Sayı: 55, 687 - 703, 29.09.2023

Eda Ünlü Sağdıç , Oğuzhan Çolakkadıoğlu , Sezai Demir

https://doi.org/10.26466/opusjsr.1299808

Öz

This study aims to examine the effectiveness of the psycho-education group-based program aimed at improving the social problem-solving skills of female prisoners. The applied program is adopted by Çekici & Güçray (2012) based on the five-stage approach model in social problem-solving (D'zurilla & Nezu, 2007; Nezu et al., 2007). The research is in the semi-experimental design, and one of the types of the experimental design, "real experimental model with pretest-posttest control group" was used. The implementation was carried out with 36 convicts in Karataş Prison in Adana province in the Women's Open Penal Institution. Since the sample did not show a normal distribution, it was evaluated by the Wilcoxon Signed Rows Test, one of the non-parametric analysis methods used to compare the difference between the scores of the two sets of measurements. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the use of a positive orientation-rational problem-solving style to the problem, which is a positive coping style, increased social problem-solving skills in female convicts who participated in social problem-solving group practices, and their use of inattentive and avoidant styles, which are negative orientation to the problem and negative coping styles, decreased. This did not change in the results of the monitoring measurement in which the persistence of the effect was evaluated. The findings were interpreted in light of the literature data.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Female Convict, Social Problem Solving, Social Problem-Solving Styles, Psycho-Education Group.

Problem Çözme Eğitimi Grup Yaşantısının Kadın Hükümlülerin Sosyal Problem Çözme Becerilerine Etkisinin İncelenmesi

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, kadın mahkumların sosyal problem çözme becerilerinin geliştirilmesini amaçlayan psiko-eğitim grubu temelli programın etkililiğinin değerlendirilmesidir. Uygulanan program, Çekici ve Güçray’ın (2012), sosyal problem çözmede beş aşamalı yaklaşım modelini (D’zurilla & Nezu; Nezu et all., 2007) temel alarak hazırladıkları programdan uyarlanarak geliştirilmiştir. Araştırma yarı deneysel desende olup, deneysel desenin türlerinden biri olan “öntest-sontest kontrol gruplu gerçek deneysel model” kullanılmıştır. Uygulama, Adana ili Karataş Cezaevinde Kadın Açık Ceza İnfaz Kurumu’ndaki 36 hükümlü ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Örneklemin normal dağılım göstermemesi sebebiyle iki ölçüm setine ait puanlar arasındaki farkı karşılaştırmak amacıyla kullanılan parametrik olmayan analiz yöntemlerinden Wilcoxon İşaretli Sıralar Testi ile değerlendirilmiştir. Analiz sonucunda sosyal problem çözme beceri eğitimi grup uygulamalarına katılan kadın hükümlülerin sosyal problem çözmede olumlu bir baş etme tarzı olan probleme olumlu yönelim-rasyonel problem çözme tarzı kullanımın arttığı, probleme olumsuz yönelim ve olumsuz başa çıkma tarzları olan dürtüsel-dikkatsiz ve kaçınan tarzların kullanımının azaldığı bulunmuştur. Etkinin kalıcılığının değerlendirildiği izleme ölçümü sonuçlarında da bu durum değişmemiştir. Elde edilen bulgular alanyazın verileri ışığında yorumlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kadın Hükümlü, Sosyal Problem Çözme, Sosyal Problem Çözme Tarzları, Psiko-Eğitim Grubu.

Kaynakça

• Akgün, R. (2018). Grup çalışmasının kadın hükümlülerin sosyal sorun çözme becerilerine etkisi. Journal SMART, 4(9), 129-137.
• Akgün, R., Kardeş, T. Y., Çifci, E. G. (2019). Kadın mahkûmların sosyodemografik özelliklerine göre problem çözme becerisinin incelenmesi üzerine bir çalışma. Türkiye Adalet Akademisi Dergisi, 0(39), 109 - 128.
• Allen, S. M., Shah, A. C., Nezu, A. M., Nezu, C. M., Ciambrone, D., Hogan, J., & Mor, V. (2002). A problem‐solving approach to stress reduction among younger women with breast carcinoma: a randomized controlled trial. Cancer, 94(12), 3089-3100.
• Andrews, D. A., Zinger, I., Hoge, R. D., Bonta, J., Gendreau, P., & Cullen, F. T. (1990). Does correctional treatment work?: A clinically-relevant and psychologically-informed meta- analysis. Criminology, 28, 369–404.
• Arean, P. A., Perri, M. G., Nezu, A. M., Schein, R. L., Christopher, F., & Joseph, T. X. (1993). Comparative effectiveness of social problem-solving therapy and reminiscence therapy as treatments for depression in older adults. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 61(6), 1003.
• Bannan, N. (2010). Group-based problem-solving therapy in self-poisoning females: A pilot study. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 10(3), 201-213.
• Biggam, F. H., & Power, K. G. (2002). A controlled, problem-solving, group-based intervention with vulnerable incarcerated young offenders. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 46, 678–698.
• Bingham, A. (2004). Çocuklarda Problem Çözme Yeteneklerinin Geliştirilmesi (6. Baskı). (A. Ferhan Oğuzkan). Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı Yayınları (Orijinal eserin basım tarihi 1958).
• Büyüköztürk, Ş., Kılıç-Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş., & Demirel, F. (2023). Eğitimde Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri. Pegem Akademi.
• Cameron, J. I., Shin, J. L., Williams, D., & Stewart, D. E. (2004). A brief problem-solving intervention for family caregivers to individuals with advanced cancer. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 57(2), 137-143.
• Chan, D. W. (2001). Dimensionality and correlates of problem solving: the use of the Problem Solving Inventory in the Chinese context. Behavior Research and Therapy, 39, 859–875.
• Chang, E. C., & D’Zurilla, T. J. (1996). Relations between problem orientation and optimism, pessimism and trait affectivity. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 34, 185-194.
• Chang, E. C., D'Zurilla, T. J., & Sanna, L. J. (2004). Social problem solving: Theory, research, and training. American Psychological Association.
• Cheng, Y., Tao, M., Riley, L., Kann, L., Ye, L., Tian, X., ... & Chen, D. (2009). Protective factors relating to decreased risks of adolescent suicidal behaviour. Child: Care, Health and Development, 35(3), 313-322.
• Chinaveh, M. (2010). Training problem-solving to enhance quality of life: Implication towards diverse learners. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 7, 302-310.
• Chu, C., Walker, K. L., Stanley, I. H., Hirsch, J. K., Greenberg, J. H., Rudd, M. D., & Joiner, T. E. (2018). Perceived problem-solving deficits and suicidal ideation: Evidence for the explanatory roles of thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness in five samples. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 115(1), 137.
• Constantino, P., Assis, S. G., & Pinto, L.W. (2016). O impacto da prisão na saúde Mental Dos Presos de estado do Rio de Janeiro. Ciencia & Saude Coletiva, 21(7):2089-2099.
• Cormier, S., & Nurius, P. (2003). Reframing, cognitive modelling, and problem-solving strategies. Interviewing and Change Strategies for Helpers: Fundamental Skills and Cognitive Behavioral Interventions, 5, 391-421.
• Çam, S. (2016). İletişim becerileri eğitimi programının öğretmen adaylarının ego durumlarına ve problem çözme becerisi. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 2(12).
• Çekici, F. (2009). Problem çözme terapisine dayalı beceri geliştirme grubunun üniversite öğrencilerinin sosyal problem çözme becerileri öfkeyle ilişkili davranış ve düşünceler ile sürekli kaygı düzeylerine etkisi [Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi]. Çukurova Üniversitesi.
• Çekici, F., & Güçray, S. S. (2012). Problem çözme terapisine dayalı beceri geliştirme grubunun üniversite öğrencilerinin sosyal problem çözme becerileri öfkeyle ilişkili davranış ve düşünceler ile sürekli kaygı düzeylerine etkisi. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 21(2), 103-128.
• Çoğan, O. (2006). Çocuk suçluluğunun nedenleri ve Edirne Ceza Mahkemelerinde açılan davaların bu yönde incelenmesi [Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi]. Ankara Üniversitesi.
• Dermitzaki, I., Leondari, A., & Goudas, M. (2009). Relations between young students’ strategic behaviours, domain-specific self-concept, and performance in a problem-solving situation. Learning and Instruction, 19, 144-157.
• D’Zurilla, T. J., & Chang, E. C. (1995), The relations between social problem solving anda coping. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 19, 547-562.
• D’Zurilla, T. J., & Goldfried, M. R. (1971). Problem solving and behavior modification. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 78, 107-126.
• D’Zurilla, T. J. (1986). Problem Solving Therapy: A Social Competence Approach to Clinical Intervention. Springer Publishing.
• D'Zurilla, T. J., & Maydeu-Olivares, A. (1995). Conceptual and methodological issues in social problem-solving assessment. Behavior Therapy, 26(3), 409-432.
• D'Zurilla, T. J., Maydeu-Olivares, A., & Kant, G. L. (1998). Age and gender differences in social problem-solving ability. Personality and Individual Differences, 25(2), 241-252.
• D’Zurilla, T. J., Nezu, A. M., & Maydeu-Olivares, T. (2002). Social Problem-Solving Inventory Revised (SPSI-R): Manual. Multi-Health Systems.
• D’Zurilla, T. J., Nezu, A. M., & Maydeu-Olivares, A. (2004), Social problem solving: Theory and assessment. In E. C. Chang, T. J.
• D’Zurilla, & L. J. Sanna (Ed.), Social problem solving: Theory, research and training. American Psychological Association.
• D’Zurilla, T. J., & Nezu, A. (1982). Social problem solving in adults. In P. C. Kendall (Eds.), Advances in cognitive-behavioral research and therapy, (Vol:1, pp.202-274). Academic Press.
• D’Zurilla, T. J., & Nezu, A. M. (2007). Problem- Solving Therapy: A Positive Approach to Clinical Intervention (3rd edition). Springer Publishing Company.
• Gorski, T. T. (2003), Problem Solving Group Therapy: A Group Leader’ s Guide for Developing and Implementing Group Treatment Plans. Herald House/Indepence Press.
• Gustavson, K. A., Alexopoulos, G. S., Niu, G. C., McCulloch, C., Meade, T., & Areán, P. A. (2016). Problem-solving therapy reduces suicidal ideation in depressed older adults with executive dysfunction. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 24(1), 11-17.
• Hay, I., Byrne, M., & Butler, C. (2000). Evaluation of a conflict-resolution and problem-solving programme to enhance adolescents' self-concept. British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, 28(1), 101-113.
• Hayward, J., McMurran, M., & Sellen, J. (2008). Social problem solving in vulnerable adult prisoners: Profile and intervention. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 19(2), 243-248.
• Hawton, K., Linsell, L., Adeniji, T., Sariaslan, A., & Fazel, S. (2014). Self-harm in prisons in England and Wales: An epidemiological study of prevalence, risk factors, clustering, and subsequent suicide. The Lancet, 383 (9923), 1147–1154.
• Heppner, P. P., Baumgardner, A. H., Larson, L. M., & Petty, R. E. (1988). The utility of problem-solving training that emphasises selfmanagement principles. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 1(2-3), 129-143.
• Hirsch, J. K., Chang, E. C., & Jeglic, E. L. (2012). Social problem solving and suicidal behavior: Ethnic differences in the moderating effects of loneliness and life stress. Archives of Suicide research, 16(4), 303-315.
• Jhangiani, R., & Tarry, H. (2022). Principles of social psychology (1st international H5P edition). BCcampus. https://opentextbc.ca/socialpsychology/
• Kaner, S. (1992). Suçluluğu açıklayan yaklaşımlar. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 25(2), 473-496.
• Karasar, N. (2004). Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri. Nobel Yayıncılık.
• Kelleci, M. (2003). Birinci basamak sağlık hizmetlerinde kadınların sorun çözme becerilerini geliştirmenin depresif semptomlara etkisi. [Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi]. İstanbul Üniversitesi.
• Kepenekçi, Y. K., & Özcan, A. Y. (2000). Okullarda suçun önlenmesi. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 33(1), 153-163.
• Kızılkaya, M., Ünsal, G., & Karaca, S. (2022). The effect of psychoeducation on the social skills and problem-solving skills of female prisoners. Journal of Psychiatric Nursing, 13(1).
• Kwok, S. Y., & Shek, D. T. (2010). Cognitive, emotive, and cognitive-behavioral correlates of suicidal ideation among Chinese adolescents in Hong Kong. The Scientific World Journal, 10, 366-379. Kwok, S. Y., Yeung, J. W., Low, A. Y., Lo, H. H., & Tam, C. H. (2015). The roles of emotional competence and social problem-solving in the relationship between physical abuse and adolescent suicidal ideation in China. Child Abuse & Neglect, 44, 117-129.
• Labelle, R., Breton, J. J., Pouliot, L., Dufresne, M. J., & Berthiaume, C. (2013). Cognitive correlates of serious suicidal ideation in a community sample of adolescents. Journal of Affective Disorders, 145(3), 370-377.
• Liberman, R. P., Eckman, T. A., & Marder, S. R. (2001). Rehab rounds: Training in social problem solving among persons with schizophrenia. Psychiatric Services, 52(1), 31-33.
• Linehan, M. M., Camper, P., Chiles, J. A., Strosahl, K., & Shearin, E. (1987). Interpersonal problem-solving and parasuicide. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 11(1), 1-12.
• Lo ̈sel, F. (1995). The efficacy of correctional treatment: A review and synthesis of meta- evaluations. In J. McGuire (Eds), What works: Reducing reoffending (pp. 70–111). John Wiley & Sons.
• McGuire, J. (2002). What is problem-solving? A review of theory, research and applications. Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health, 11, 210–235.
• McGuire, J. (2005). Social problem solving and offending: Evidence, evaluation and evolution. In M. McMurran., & M. J.
• McGuire (Eds), Social problem solving: Basic concepts, research and applications. John Wiley & Sons.
• McLeavey, B. C., Daly, R. J., Murray, C. M., O’Riordan, J., & Taylor, M. (1987). Interpersonal problem-solving deficits in self-poisoning patients. Suicide and Life Threatening Behavior, 17, 33–49.
• McMurran, M., & Duggan, C. (2005). The manualisation of offender treatment. Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health, 15, 17–27.
• McMurran, M., Egan, V., & Duggan, C. (2005). Stop & Think! Social problem solving therapy with personality-disordered offenders. In M. McMurran, & J. McGuire (Eds.), Social problem solving and offending: Evidence, evaluation, and evolution (pp. 207–220). Wiley.
• Meyers, F. J., Carducci, M., Loscalzo, M. J., Linder, J., Greasby, T., & Beckett, L. A. (2011). Effects of a problem-solving intervention (COPE) on quality of life for patients with advanced cancer on clinical trials and their caregivers: simultaneous care educational intervention (SCEI): Linking palliation and clinical trials. Journal of Palliative Medicine, 14(4), 465-473.
• Nezu, A. M., Nezu, C. M., & D’Zurilla, T. J. (2007). Solving Life’s Problems: A 5 Step Guide To Enhanced Well-Being. Springer Publishing Company.
• Nuria, M. W., Handayani, P. K., & Rahmawati E. I. (2016). Perbedaan Tingkat Stres narapidana di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Klas IIA Jember ditinjau dari Lama Vonis. Repository Unmuhjember, 1-10.
• O’Connor, W. (1996). A problem-solving intervention for sex offenders with an intellectual disability. Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability, 21(3), 219-235.
• Öztaban, Ş., ve Adana, F. (2015). Lise öğrencisi erkek ergenlerde problem çözme eğitiminin; problem çözme becerisi, kişilerarası ilişki tarzı ve öfke kontrolü üzerine etkisi. Turkish Journal of Research & Development in Nursing, 17(1).
• Pearson, F. S., Lipton, D. S., Cleland, C. M., & Yee, D. S. (2002). The effects of behavioral/ cognitive-behavioral programs on recidivism. Crime and Delinquency, 48, 476–496.
• Pollock, L. R., & Williams, J. M. G. (2001). Effective problem solving in suicide attempters depends on specific autobiographical recall. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 31, 386–396.
• Pont, J., Stöver, H., Gétaz, L., Casillas, A., & Wolff, H. (2015). Prevention of violence in prison–The role of health care professionals. Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine, 34, 127-132.
• Robichaud, M., Dugas, M. J., & Conway, M. (2003). Gender differences in worry and associated cognitive-behavioral variables. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 17(5), 501-516.
• Ross, R. R., & Ross, R. D. (1989). Delinquency prevention through cognitive training. Educational Horizons, 67, 124–130.
• Sadowski, C., Moore, L. A., & Kelley, M. L. (1994). Psychometric properties of the Social Problem-Solving Inventory (SPSI) with normal and emotionally disturbed adolescents. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 22, 487-500.
• Santos, M. M. D., Barros, C. R. D. S., & Andreoli, S. B. (2019). Correlated factors of depression among male and female inmates. Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia, 22, e190051.
• Spiropoulos, G. V., Spruance, L., Van Voorhis, P., & Schmitt, M. M. (2005). Pathfinders and problem solving: Comparative effects of two cognitive-behavioral programs among men and women offenders in community and prison. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 42(2), 69-94.
• Sumi, K. (2012). Relationship of social problem-solving ability with interpersonal relationships: A prospective study among Japanese women and men. Psychological Reports, 111(3), 929-937.
• Webster-Stratton, C. (2005). The Incredible Years: A troubleshooting Guide for Parents of Children Ages 3-8 Years. Incredible Years Press.