Salisilik Asit Uygulamalarının Tuz Stresi Altındaki Arpa (Hordeum vulgare L.) Çeşitlerinde Çimlenme ve Tohum Özellikleri Üzerine Etkisinin Belirlenmesi

Öz

Ordu Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Tarla Bitkileri Laboratuvarında 2022 yılında yürütülen bu çalışmada tuz stresi altındaki arpa çeşitlerinde salisilik asit uygulamalarının çimlenme ve tohum özellikleri üzerine etkilerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bitki materyali olarak 3 farklı arpa çeşidi (Larende, Beyşehir, Kral) kullanılmıştır. Dört farklı tuz konsantrasyonu (0-50-100-150 mM) ve dört farklı salisilik asit konsantrasyonu (0-0.25-0.5-1 mM) arpa tohumlarına uygulanmıştır. Araştırma, tesadüf parsellerinde faktöriyel deneme desenine göre üç tekrarlı olarak yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada çimlenme oranı (%), çimlenme süresi (gün), toplam yaş ve kuru ağırlıK (g), radikula yaş ve kuru ağırlığı (g), koleoptil yaş ve kuru ağırlığı (g), radikula uzunluk (mm) ve koleoptil uzunluk (mm) değerleri hesaplanmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda tüm uygulamalarda en iyi sonuç veren çeşitler Larende ve Beyşehir arpa çeşitleri olmuştur. Tuz dozlarının artmasıyla birlikte hemen hemen incelenen tüm parametrelerde olumsuz yönde değişiklikler meydana gelmiş, salisilik asit uygulamalarıyla ile bu olumsuz değişiklikler tamamen ortadan kaldırılamasa da etkileri azaltılmıştır. Tuzun özellikle 150 mM dozu en kritik değişikliklerin meydana geldiği tuz dozu olarak belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• arpa
• çimlenme
• salisilik asit
• tuz stresi

Determination of the Effects of Salicylic Acid Treatments on Germination and Seed Properties of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Cultivars under Salt Stress

Öz

In this study, which was carried out in laboratory of department of Field Crops of Ordu University Faculty of Agriculture in 2022, it was aimed to determine the effects of salicylic acid applications on germination and seed characteristics of barley varieties under different salt stress. Three different barley varieties (Larende, Beyşehir, Kral) were used as plant material. Four different salt concentrations (0-50-100-150 mM) and four different salicylic acid concentrations (0-0.25-0.5-1 mM) were applied to barley seeds. The experiment was established the factorial design in randomized plots with 3 replications In the study, germination rate (%), germination time (days), total fresh and dry weight (g), radicular fresh and dry weight (g), coleoptile fresh and dry weight (g), radicular length (mm) and coleoptile length (mm) values were calculated. As a result of the study, Larende and Beyşehir barley cultivars were the varieties that gave the best results in all applications. Negative changes occurred in almost all the parameters examined with the increase in salt doses, and although these negative changes could not be completely eliminated with salicylic acid applications, their effects were reduced. In particular, the 150 mM dose of salt was determined as the salt dose at which the most critical changes occurred.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• salicylic acid
• salt stress
• barley
• germination

Kaynakça

1. Anaya, F., Fghire, R., Wahbi, S. ve Loutfi, K. (2017). Antioxidant enzymes and physiological traits of Vicia faba L. as affected by salicylic acid under salt stress. J Mater Environ Sci, 8(7), 2549-2563. https://www.jmaterenvironsci.com/Document/vol8/vol8_N7/274-JMES-2438-Ayana.pdf
2. Begum, F., Karmoker, J. L., Fattah. Q, A. ve Maniruzzaman, A. F. M. (1992). The effect of salinity and Its correlation with K+. Na+. Claccumulation in germinating seeds of Triticum aestivum L. cv. Akbar. Plant Cell Physiology, 33(7), 1009-1114. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.pcp.a078324
3. Benlioğlu, B. ve Özkan, U. (2015). Bazı arpa çeşitlerinin (Hordeum vulgare L.) çimlenme dönemlerinde farklı dozlardaki tuz stresine tepkilerinin belirlenmesi. Tarla Bitkileri Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, 24(2), 109-114. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/tarbitderg/issue/11533/137355
4. Bojović, B., Đelić, G., Topuzović, M. ve Stanković, M. (2010). Effects of NaCl on seed germination in some species from families Brassicaceae and Solanaceae. Kragujevac Journal of Science, 32, 83-87. https://scindeks.ceon.rs/article.aspx?artid=1450-96361032083B
5. Borsani, O., Valpuesta, V. ve Botella, M. A. (2001). Evidence for a role of salicylic acid in the oxidative damage generated by NaCl and osmotic stress in Arabidopsis seedlings. Plant physiology, 126(3),1024-1030. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.126.3.1024
6. Çavuşoğlu, K., Kılıç, S. ve Kabar, K. (2007). Arpa tohumlarının çimlenmesi sırasında gibberellik asit, kinetin ve etilen ile tuz stresinin hafifletilmesinde bazı morfolojik ve anatomik gözlemler. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi Fen Dergisi, 2(1), 27-40. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/sdufeffd/issue/11265/134606
7. Dat, J. F., Lopez-Delgado, H., Foyer, C. H. ve Scott, I. M. (1998). Parallel changes in H2O2 and catalase during thermotolerance induced by salicylic acid or heat acclimation in mustard seedlings. Plant Physiology, 116(4), 1351-1357. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.116.4.1351
8. Deef, H. E. (2007). Influence of salicylic acid on stress tolerance during seed germination of Triticum aestivum and Hordeum vulgare. Advanced in Biological Research, 1(1-2), 40-48. https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=2f68f82fe25fc45075de1330dae82519cc0514c8

9. Entesari, M., Sharif-Zadeh, F., Zare, S., Farhangfar, M. ve Dashtaki, M. (2012). Effect of seed priming on mung been (Vigna radiata) cultivars with salicylic acid and potassium nitrate under salinity stress. International Journal of Agriculture: Research and Review, 2(Special issue), 926-932. https://www.cabdirect.org/cabdirect/abstract/20133031522
10. Hakim, M. A., Juraimi, A. S., Begum, M., Hanafi, M. M., Ismail, M. R. ve Selamat, A. (2010). Effect of salt stress on germination and early seedling growth of rice (Oryza sativa L.). African Journal of Biotechnology, 9(13), 1911-1918. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB09.1526
11. Jamil, M. ve Rha, E. S. (2007). Gibberellic acid (GA3) enhance seed water uptake, germination and early seedling growth in sugar beet under salt stress. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 10(4), 654-658. https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2007.654.658
12. Kacar, B., Katkat, V. ve Öztürk, Ş. (2009). Bitki Fizyolojisi (No: 848, 3. Baskı). Nobel Yayınları.
13. Karaca Öner, E., ve Kırlı, A. (2020). Determination the effect of salt and gibberellic acid on germination for sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Black Sea Journal of Agriculture, 3(1), 1-5. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/bsagriculture/issue/49364/555409
14. Khadri, M., Tejera, N. A. ve Lluch, C. (2007). Sodium chloride–ABA interaction in two common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) cultivars differing in salinity tolerance. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 60(2), 211-218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2006.10.008
15. Khan, H., Ayup, A., Pervez, C. M., Bilal, M. A., Shahid, R. M. ve Ziaf, M. A. (2009). Effect of seed priming with NaCI on salinity tolerance of hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) at seedling stage. Soil Environment, 28, 81-87. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/63920/
16. Matthews, S. ve Khajeh-Hosseini, M. (2007). Length of the lag period of germination and metabolic repair explain vigour differences in seed lots of maize (Zea mays). Seed Science and Technology, 35(1), 200-212. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233504883
17. Nasırcılar, A. G., Ulukapı, K. ve Kurt, Z. (2020). Kuraklık stresi koşullarında dışarıdan uygulanan salisilik asitin turp (Raphanus sativus L.) çeşitlerinin çimlenme ve vejetatif büyüme özellikleri üzerine etkisi, 8(11), 2293-2299. Turkish Journal of Agriculture: Food Science and Technology. https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v8i11.2293-2299.3087
18. Nun, N. B., Plakhine, D., Joel, D. M. ve Mayer, A. M. (2003). Changes in the activity of the alternative oxidase in Orobanche seeds during conditioning and their possible physiological function. Phytochemistry, 64(1), 235-241. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(03)00165-1
19. Öner, F. ve Kırlı, A. (2018). Effects of salt stress on germination and seedling growth of different bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars. Akademik Ziraat Dergisi, 7(2), 191-196. https://doi.org/10.29278/azd.476365
20. Öner, F. ve Soysal, A. Ö. (2020). Determination of germination and seedling growth parameters of rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties under stress conditions. Notulae Scientia Biologicae, 12(3), 693-701. https://doi.org/10.15835/nsb12310766
21. Öner, F., Özkorkmaz, F. ve Yılmaz, N. (2018). Tuz stresi altında gibberellik asit uygulamalarının yulafta bazı çimlenme parametreleri üzerine etkisi. International Journal of Agricultural and Natural Sciences, 1(1), 33-35. https://ijans.org/index.php/ijans/article/view/412
22. Özkorkmaz, F., Yılmaz, N. ve Öner, F. (2020). Researching germination properties of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under polyethylene glycol osmotic stress and saline conditions. Akademik Ziraat Dergisi, 9(2), 251-258. https://doi.org/10.29278/azd.671472
23. Pancholi, S. R., Bhargava, S. C. ve Singh, A. K. (2001). Screening of wheat genotypes at different salinity levels for germination percentage. Annals of Agri Bio Research, 6(2), 53-56. http://sjafs.selcuk.edu.tr/sjafs/article/view/1331/0
24. Parida, A. K. ve Das, A. B. (2005). Salt tolerance and sali-nity effects on plants: A review. Ecotoxicology and Environ-mental Safety, 60(3), 324-349. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2004.06.010
25. Parlak, M. (1999). Farklı gelişim aşamalarında iki arpa (Hordeum vulgare L.) çeşidinin tuza toleransı [Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi]. Ankara Üniversitesi.
26. Petrović, G., Jovičić, D., Nikolić, Z., Tamindžić, G., Ignjatov, M., Milošević, D. ve Milošević, B. (2016). Comparative study of drought and salt stress effects on germination and seedling growth of pea. Genetika-Belgrade, 48(1), 373-381. https://doi.org/10.2298/GENSR1601373P
27. Prazak, R. (2001) Salt tolerance of Triticum monococcum L. T. dicoccum (Schrank) Schubl. T. durum Desf. and T. aestivum L. seedlings. Journal of Applied Genetics. 42(3), 289-292. https://agro.icm.edu.pl/agro/element/bwmeta1.element.agro-article-b2b0dcab-1dad-4441-b0bd-db46f5d8374f
28. Rao, M. V. ve Davis, K. R. (1999). Ozone‐induced cell death occurs via two distinct mechanisms in Arabidopsis: the role of salicylic acid. The Plant Journal, 17(6), 603-614. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-313X.1999.00400.x
29. Raskin, I. (1992). Role of salicylic acid in plants. Annual review of plant biology, 43(1), 439-463. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pp.43.060192.002255
30. Senaratna, T., Touchell, D., Bunn, E. ve Dixon, K. 2000. Acetyl salicylic acid (Aspirin) and salicylic acid induce multiple stress tolerance in bean and tomato plants. Plant Growth Regul. 30, 157-161. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006386800974
31. Torun, H. (2012). Tuz stresine maruz bırakılan arpa (Hordeum vulgare L.) çeşitlerinde salisilik asit muamelesinin içsel fitohormonlar düzeyinde fizyolojik ve biyokimyasal etkilerinin araştırılması [Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi]. Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi.
32. Torun, H. ve Ayaz, F. A. (2019). Tuz stresi koşullarında salisilik asidin zamana bağlı uygulanmasının arpa (Hordeum vulgare L.) köklerinin antioksidan savunma sistemi üzerine etkileri. Anadolu University Journal of Science and Technology C-Life Sciences and Biotechnology, 8(1), 69-84. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/estubtdc/issue/43264/525538
33. Tuteja, N. (2007). Mechanisms of high salinity tole-rance in plants. Methods in Enzymology, 428, 419-438. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0076-6879(07)28024-3
34. Yıldız M. ve Özgen M. (2004). The effect of a submersion pretreatment on in vitro explant growth and shoot regeneration from hypocotyls of flax (Linum usitatissimum). Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 77(1), 111-115. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:TICU.0000016493.03592.c3