Determination of the Efficiency of Entomopathogenic Fungi on Bumblee bee in Open Field Conditions

Yıl 2021, Cilt 11, Sayı 2, 92 - 98, 31.12.2021

Asiye UZUN Görkem YANIK İsmail Yaşhan BULUŞ Ayhan GÖSTERİT Ozan DEMİRÖZER Şerife Evrim ARICI

https://doi.org/10.54370/ordubtd.943156

Öz

In this study, the growth of Beauveria bassiana BIM-001 and Fusarium subglutinans 12A in Bombus terrestris L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae) individuals and flowers of tomato were investigated under different conditions. The study was carried out in three stages. In the first stage, spore suspensions of both entomopathogenic fungi were sprayed on flowers of tomato in open field conditions. In the second stage, each entomopathogenic fungus isolate was applied to 50 B. terrestris individuals for 20 seconds with a spraying system at 1 atm pressure and the treated individuals were transferred to separate commercial hives. In the third stage, the spore suspension of both entomopathogenic fungus was prepared and left under laboratory conditions. In all three stages, first at intervals of 2 hours for 10 hours, then at 24., 48. and 72. hours, the worker bee, flower or spore suspension was taken into potato dextrose agar medium, and entomopathogenic fungi were re-isolated. As a results of the study, it was determined that the spores of both fungus isolate remained alive until the 10th hour after the first application in B. terrestris workers and tomato flowers. It was noted that hyphae development of both entomopathogenic fungi occurred in 24 hours in suspensions left under outdoor conditions, but any development was observed at other observation times. Growth of F. subglutinans 12A in flower at the 6th hour after entomopathogenic fungus applications were statistically different and remained at lower levels compared to other conditions. The development of B. bassiana BIM-001 in bees at the 8th hour was found to be lower and different (P˂0.05).

Anahtar Kelimeler

Non-target organism, abiotic factors, biological control, spore germination

Entomopatojen Fungusların Açık Alan Koşullarında Bombus Arısı Üzerindeki Etkinliğinin Belirlenmesi

Öz

Bu çalışmada Beauveria bassiana BIM-001 ve Fusarium subglutinans 12A izolatının farklı koşullar altında Bombus terrestris L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae) ergin işçi bireyleri ve domates bitkilerinin çiçeklerinde gelişimi ve bu ortamlarda canlı kalma başarısının belirlenmesi hedeflenmiştir. Çalışma üç farklı aşamada gerçekleştirilmiştir. Birinci aşamada, açık alan koşullarında bulunan domates bitkilerinin çiçeklerine her iki entomopatojen fungusa ait spor süspansiyonlarının püskürtme yöntemiyle uygulanmıştır. İkinci aşamada, her bir entomopatojen fungus izolatı (Efi) 50 adet B. terrestris işçi bireyine 1 atm basınçta püskürtme yapabilen sistem yardımıyla 20 sn süreyle (0.5 ml) uygulanmış ve uygulama yapılan bireyler ayrı ticari kovanlara aktarılmıştır. Üçüncü aşamada ise her iki Efi’ına ait spor süspansiyonu laboratuvar koşullarında hazırlanmış ve bu ortam koşullarında bırakılmıştır. Her 3 aşamada da önce 10 saat boyunca 2 saat aralıkla, daha sonra 24., 48. ve 72. saatlerde işçi arı, çiçek ya da spor süspansiyonu patates dekstroz agar ortamına alınarak entomopatojen fungusların reizolasyonları gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma sonuçlarına göre; B. terrestris işçi arıları ve domates çiçeklerinde ilk uygulamadan sonra 10. saate kadar her iki fungus izolat sporlarının canlı kalarak gelişebildiği belirlenmiştir. Dış ortam koşullarında bırakılan süspansiyonlarda ilk 24 saatte her iki entomopatojen fungusa ait hif gelişiminin meydana geldiği ancak, diğer gözlem zamanlarında herhangi bir gelişimin olmadığı kaydedilmiştir. Entomopatojen fungus uygulamalarından sonra 6. saatte F. subglutinans 12A’nın çiçekte gelişimi diğer ortamlara göre istatistiki olarak farklı ve daha düşük seviyelerde kalmıştır. Uygulamadan sonra 8. saatte ise B. bassiana BIM-001’in işçi arılarda gelişimi daha düşük ve farklı bulunmuştur (P˂0.05).

Anahtar Kelimeler

Hedef dışı organizma, abiyotik faktörler, biyolojik mücadele, spor çimlenmesi

Kaynakça

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