خطابات حقوق الإنسان التي ظهرت في مصر بعد الثورة

Yıl 2021, , 287 - 311, 30.04.2021

Melek Saral

https://doi.org/10.47932/ortetut.881982

Öz

الأوسط وشمال إفريقيا خلال عام 2011 ، والتي أدت إلى زوال الحكام الاستبداديين أو أدت إلى بعض الإصلاحات السياسية والاقتصادية ، أهمية حقوق الإنسان ونقل هذه القضية إلى صدارة الأكاديميين و المناقشات السياسية. عندما جلب المتظاهرون إشارات حقوق الإنسان إلى قلب نضالهم السياسي ، استخدم الفاعلون السياسيون خطابها للمطالبة بالسلطة الشرعية أو الشعبية. يركز هذا المقال ، الذي يحلل خطابات حقوق الإنسان واستخدامها في العمل القانوني والسياسي في مصر ما بعد الانتفاضة ، على العامين الأولين من عملية الانتقال ويستعرض الأنماط الرئيسية لخطابات حقوق الإنسان في مصر ما بعد الانتفاضة ، ويوضح الإمكانات المتعددة الأوجه والمعقدة لحقوق الإنسان في مصر الانتقالية بعد الانتفاضة.
بتحليل الأنماط الرئيسية لخطابات حقوق الإنسان خلال هذه الفترة ، يوضح المقال أن حقوق الإنسان لا تُستخدم فقط كأداة تحررية من قبل المواطنين المصريين ضد أنظمةهم الاستبدادية القمعية ، بل تُطبق أيضًا من قبل الفاعلين السياسيين الرئيسيين من خلفيات أيديولوجية مختلفة ومعارضة. يركز المقال على ثلاث وثائق مهمة صدرت خلال عملية وضع الدستور (أي وثيقة الأزهر ووثيقة المجلس الوطني ووثيقة سلمي) ويوضح كيف أن تنوع الجهات السياسية الرئيسية المعارضة عكست رؤيتها لحقوق الإنسان خلال عملية صياغة الدستور وحاولوا فرض وجهات نظرهم الأيديولوجية على الأطر القانونية والسياسية والاجتماعية للمقاطعة

Anahtar Kelimeler

منطقة الشرق الأوسط وشمال إفريقيا, الثورات, حقوق الإنسان, الخطابات

Emerging Human Rights Discourses in Post-Uprising Egypt

Öz

The uprisings in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region during 2011, which resulted in the demise of authoritarian rulers or gave rise to some political and economic reforms, proved the significance of human rights and moved that issue to the forefront of academic and political debates. As the protestors brought human rights references to the center of their political struggle, political actors used its rhetoric to claim legitimate authority or popularity. This article, which analyzes the human rights discourses and their use in legal and political action in post-uprising Egypt, focuses on the first two years of the transition process and surveys the main patterns of human rights discourses in post-uprising Egypt, and illustrates the multifaceted and complex potential of human rights in the transitional post-uprising Egypt.
Analyzing the main patterns of human rights discourses during this period, the article demonstrates that human rights are not only used as an emancipatory tool by Egyptian citizens against their repressive authoritarian regimes, but also applied by key political actors from various and opposing ideological backgrounds. The article focuses on three significant documents issued during the constitution-making process (viz., the Al-Azhar Document, the National Council Document, and the Silmi Document) and illustrates how diverse opposing key political actors reflected their vision of human rights during the constitution-making process and tried to impose their ideological views on the county’s legal, political, and social frameworks.

Anahtar Kelimeler

human rights, Middle East and North Africa, Egypt, Uprisings, discourses

Ayaklanma Sonrası Mısır'da Ortaya Çıkan İnsan Hakları Söylemleri

Öz

Orta Doğu ve Kuzey Afrika bölgesinde 2011 yılında otoriter yöneticilerin yönetimden uzaklaştırılmasıyla sonuçlanan veya bazı siyasi ve ekonomik reformlara yol açan ayaklanmalar, insan haklarının önemini kanıtladı ve bu konuyu akademik ve siyasi tartışmaların merkezine taşıdı. Protestocular, siyasi mücadelelerinin merkezine insan hakları referanslarını getirdikçe, politik aktörler de bu retoriğini meşru otorite veya popülerlik iddia etmek için kullandılar. Ayaklanma sonrası Mısır'da insan hakları söylemlerini ve bunların yasal ve siyasi eylemlerde kullanımlarını analiz eden bu makale, geçiş sürecinin ilk iki yılına odaklanıyor ve ayaklanma sonrası Mısır'daki insan hakları söylemlerinin ana kalıplarını araştırıyor ve Mısır ayaklanmasının ardından geçiş döneminde insan haklarının çok yönlü ve karmaşık potansiyelini örneklendiriyor.
Ayaklanma sonrası dönemdeki insan hakları söylemlerinin ana kalıplarını analiz eden makale, insan haklarının Mısır vatandaşları tarafından baskıcı otoriter rejimlerine karşı sadece özgürleştirici bir araç olarak kullanılmadığını, aynı zamanda çeşitli ve karşıt ideolojik geçmişlere sahip kilit siyasi aktörler tarafından da kullanıldığını göstermektedir. Makale, anayasa yapım sürecinde yayınlanan üç önemli belgeye (diğer bir deyişle, El Ezher Belgesi, Ulusal Konsey Belgesi ve Silmi Belgesi) odaklanıyor ve çeşitli muhalif siyasi aktörlerin, insan hakları vizyonlarını anayasa yapım sürecinde nasıl yansıttığını gösteriyor.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Insan Haklari, Misir, Ayaklanmalar, Kuzey Afrika ve Ortadogu, Söylemler

Kaynakça

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