Öz
Devrim Muhafızları’nın İran siyaseti üzerindeki etkisi 1990’ların ortalarından beri belirgin bir şekilde artmıştır. Devrim Muhafızları Hatemi’nin liderliğindeki reformcu hükümet ile çatışma içerisinde iken onun yerini alan Ahmedinecad liderliğindeki radikal hükümetle işbirliği içerisinde olmuştur. Bu makale, Devrim Muhafızları’nın siyasi yükselişinde etkili olan faktörleri ve Devrim Muhafızları-siyaset ilişkilerinin nasıl şekillendiğini incelemektedir. Makalede Muhafızların İran siyasetindeki yükselişi Devrim Muhafızları Ordusu ekseninde ve devrim sonrası ortaya çıkan dinamikler çerçevesinde tartışılmaktadır. 1990’lı yıllarda kurumsallaşmasını tamamlayan ideolojik düzeyi yüksek devrimci ordunun, siyasi elitler arasındaki bölünme ve şiddetli rekabet ortamında öneminin arttığı görülmektedir. Böyle bir ortamda İran rejimine yönelik tehdit algılarının niteliğinin değişmesi; askeri tehditlerin yerini kültürel saldırı, kadife devrim girişimi gibi “yumuşak” tehditlere bırakması, Devrim Muhafızları’nın hızla siyasal alana yönelmesine neden olmuştur. Devrim Muhafızları’nın ideolojik-siyasi bakışı ile hükümette egemen elitlerin ideolojik duruşları arasındaki fark veya uyum Devrim Muhafızları’nın hükümetle ilişkilerinin niteliğini belirlemiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Alfoneh, Ali, “How Intertwined are the Revolutionary Guards in Iran’s Eco- nomy,” AEI Middle Eastern Outlook, No.3, Ekim 2007.
- Alfoneh, Ali, “Iran’s Parliamentary Elections and the Revolutionary Guards’ Creeping Coup d’Etat,” AEI Middle Eastern Outlook, No.2, Şubat 2008.
- Alfoneh, Ali, “The Revolutionary Guard’s Role in Iranian Politics,” Middle East Quarterly, Cilt 15, No. 4, Güz 2008.
- Ehteshami, A. & Zweiri, M., Iran and the Rise of its Neoconservatives, London: I.B. Tauris, 2007.
- Eisenstadt, Michael, “Iran’s Revolutionary Guard Commander sends a war- ning,” WINEP Policywatch, No.314, 7 Mayıs 1998.
- Gheissari, Ali ve Vali Nasr, “The Conservative Consolidation in Iran,” Survi- val, Cilt 47, No. 2, Yaz 2005.
- Hourcade, Bernard, “The Rise to Power of Iran’s ‘Guardians of the Revoluti- on,” Middle East Policy, Cilt 16, No. 3, Güz 2009.
- Katzman, Kenneth, The Warriors of Islam; Iran’s Revolutionary Guard, Boulder, Oxford: Westview Press, 1993.
- Kermani, Navid, “The Fear of the Guardians: 24 Army Officers Write a Letter to President Khatami,” R. Bruinner & W. Ende (der.), The Twelver Shia in Modern Times, Leiden, Boston, Koln: Brill, 2001.
- Menashri, David, “Iran,” Middle East Contemporary Survey, Cilt 5, 1980–81.
- Merdinger, Susan E., “A Race for Martyrdom: The Islamic Revolutionary Gu- ards Corps (IRGC),” Master’s Thesis, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, Cali- fornia, Aralık 1982.
- Moslem, M., Factional Politics in Iran, Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 2002.
- Rahimi, Babak, “The Role of the Revolutionary Guards and Basij Militia in Iran’s ‘Electoral Coup’,” Terrorism Monitor (Jamestown), Cilt 7, No. 21, 17 Tem- muz 2009.
- Rashed, Gholamali, “Sharayat va dzarorathaye tovled, roshd, taspet ve ghos- tarashe Sepah dar Jang,” Majalla-ye Seyasate Defa’, Cilt 5, No. 3, Yaz 1976.
- Rubin, M., “Iran’s Revolutionary Guards – A Rogue Outfit?” Middle East Quar- terly, Cilt 15, No. 4, Güz 2008.
- Schirazi, Ashgar, The Constitution of Iran: Politics and the State in the Islamic Re- public, London: I.B. Tauris, 1997.
- Siavoshi, Sussan, “Cultural Policies and the Islamic Republic,” International Journal of Middle East Studies, Cilt 29, No. 4, Kasım 1997.
- Wehrey, F., Gren J.D. et.al, The Rise of the Pasdaran: Assessing the Domestic Roles of Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps, Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 2009.
Öz
Influence of the Revolutionary Guards (IRGC) on Iranian politics has dramatically increased since the mid-1990s. Whereas the IRGC was in conflict with the reformist government under Khatami, it has closely cooperated with the radical government of Ahmadinejad that replaced the reformist one. This article analyzes influential factors on the political rise of the Guards, and the the velvet revolution plot has rapidly increased the IRGC’s interest in the polate 1990s. Meanwhile, altering threat perceptions of the Iranian regime; replacement of the military threats by ‘soft’ threats as the cultural onslaught, and face of fragmentation of the elites and bitter rivalry among them through the high-level ideological commitment, the IRGC came into prominence in the characteristics of the IRGC. As an institutionalized revolutionary army with politics is studied within the framework of post-revolutionary dynamics and types of the IRGC – politics relationship. The rise of the Guards in Iranian litical realm. Congruence or incongruence between the ideological/political outlook of the IRGC and ideological position of the ruling elites has determined type of the IRGC/politics relationship
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Alfoneh, Ali, “How Intertwined are the Revolutionary Guards in Iran’s Eco- nomy,” AEI Middle Eastern Outlook, No.3, Ekim 2007.
- Alfoneh, Ali, “Iran’s Parliamentary Elections and the Revolutionary Guards’ Creeping Coup d’Etat,” AEI Middle Eastern Outlook, No.2, Şubat 2008.
- Alfoneh, Ali, “The Revolutionary Guard’s Role in Iranian Politics,” Middle East Quarterly, Cilt 15, No. 4, Güz 2008.
- Ehteshami, A. & Zweiri, M., Iran and the Rise of its Neoconservatives, London: I.B. Tauris, 2007.
- Eisenstadt, Michael, “Iran’s Revolutionary Guard Commander sends a war- ning,” WINEP Policywatch, No.314, 7 Mayıs 1998.
- Gheissari, Ali ve Vali Nasr, “The Conservative Consolidation in Iran,” Survi- val, Cilt 47, No. 2, Yaz 2005.
- Hourcade, Bernard, “The Rise to Power of Iran’s ‘Guardians of the Revoluti- on,” Middle East Policy, Cilt 16, No. 3, Güz 2009.
- Katzman, Kenneth, The Warriors of Islam; Iran’s Revolutionary Guard, Boulder, Oxford: Westview Press, 1993.
- Kermani, Navid, “The Fear of the Guardians: 24 Army Officers Write a Letter to President Khatami,” R. Bruinner & W. Ende (der.), The Twelver Shia in Modern Times, Leiden, Boston, Koln: Brill, 2001.
- Menashri, David, “Iran,” Middle East Contemporary Survey, Cilt 5, 1980–81.
- Merdinger, Susan E., “A Race for Martyrdom: The Islamic Revolutionary Gu- ards Corps (IRGC),” Master’s Thesis, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, Cali- fornia, Aralık 1982.
- Moslem, M., Factional Politics in Iran, Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 2002.
- Rahimi, Babak, “The Role of the Revolutionary Guards and Basij Militia in Iran’s ‘Electoral Coup’,” Terrorism Monitor (Jamestown), Cilt 7, No. 21, 17 Tem- muz 2009.
- Rashed, Gholamali, “Sharayat va dzarorathaye tovled, roshd, taspet ve ghos- tarashe Sepah dar Jang,” Majalla-ye Seyasate Defa’, Cilt 5, No. 3, Yaz 1976.
- Rubin, M., “Iran’s Revolutionary Guards – A Rogue Outfit?” Middle East Quar- terly, Cilt 15, No. 4, Güz 2008.
- Schirazi, Ashgar, The Constitution of Iran: Politics and the State in the Islamic Re- public, London: I.B. Tauris, 1997.
- Siavoshi, Sussan, “Cultural Policies and the Islamic Republic,” International Journal of Middle East Studies, Cilt 29, No. 4, Kasım 1997.
- Wehrey, F., Gren J.D. et.al, The Rise of the Pasdaran: Assessing the Domestic Roles of Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps, Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 2009.
Ayrıntılar
| Diğer ID | JA34KE89GY |
|---|---|
| Bölüm | Makaleler |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 14 Temmuz 2016 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2010 Cilt: 1 Sayı: 2 |
Dergimizde yayınlanan tüm eserler, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. lisansı ile lisanslanmıştır.
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