Suriye ve Arap Baharı: Çatışmanın Gelişimi ve Yerli ve Yabancı Etkenlerin Rolü

Yıl 2012, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 27 - 52, 15.07.2016

Angela Joya

Öz

Baas rejiminin hala iktidardaki yerini korumasıyla birlikte Suriye ayaklanması bir yılını geride bırakmıştır. Ne var ki, ayaklanmanın başlamasından bu yana barışcı gösterilerin sayısında bir düşüş yaşanmış, ve bu gösteriler yerini silahlı mücadeleye bırakmıştır. Ayaklanmanın başlamasından bu yana olayların gelişimini belirleyen etkenler nelerdi? Bu etkenler Suriye'yi bir iç savaşa doğru nasıl itti? Bu çalışmada Suriyeli işçiler, köylüler, eylemciler ve aydınların haklı şikayetlerinin bir sonucu olarak baş gösteren ayaklanmanın, Katar ve Suudi Arabistan gibi güçlü Körfez ülkelerinin desteğini almış olan daha teşkilatlı muhalif güçler tarafından sahiplenildiğini düşünüyorum. Olayların bu beklenmedi yönde gelişimi, Batı medyasında görünmez hale gelmiş yerel muhalefeti ötekileştirmiş, ve bunun yerine Suriye muhalefetinin tek sesi olan Müslüman Kardeşleri desteklemiştir. Bu yazı, ayaklanmayı tarihi açıdan bir sıraya koyarak ve Batı medyası tarafından çiilen tablodan uzaklaşarak bir analiz ortaya koymaktadır. İlk bölümde ayaklanma Beşar Esad'ın ekonomik liberalleşme politikaları kapsamında incelenirken, ikinci kısımda Arap Baharı öncesi ve sonrasında Suriye muhalif güçlerinin rolünü incelemektedir. Üçüncü kısımda ise Batı'nın bölgesel güçlerin rolu ile bu güçlerin ayaklanmanın sonuçlarını şekillendirecek yönelimlei tartışılmaktadır. Yazının sonuç bölümünde ise uluslararası güçlerin Suriye krizine yönelik tepkilerinin daha geniş bir çıkarımı ele alınmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Suriye Ayaklanması, Arap Baharı, Neoliberalizm, İslamcılar, Baaşçılık

Syria and the Arab Spring: The Evolution of the Conflict and the Role of the Domestic and External Factors

Öz

The Syrian uprising passed its one year mark with the Ba’th regime stillin power. Since the beginning of the uprising, however, peaceful protests have declined and have been replaced by armed struggle. Whatwere the factors that determined the course of events since the start of the uprising and how did these factors push Syria towards a civil war?In this paper, I argue that the uprising that began as a result of legitimate grievances of Syrian workers, peasants, activists and intellectuals was appropriated by more organized opposition forces that had thesupport of powerful Gulf States such as Qatar and Saudi Arabia. Thisturn of events marginalized the domestic opposition who were rendered invisible in Western media, which instead promoted the MuslimBrotherhood backed opposition as the only voice of Syrian opposition. This essay offers an analysis of the Syrian uprising by situating theuprising historically and by moving away from the narrative that hasbeen established by the Western media. Part one situates the uprising in the context of economic liberalization policies of Bashar Assad. Part two explores the role of Syrian opposition forces prior and afterthe Arab Spring. Part three discusses the role of Western and regionalpowers and their intentions to shape the outcome of the uprising. I conclude by discussing the broader implications of international powers’ responses to the Syrian crisis

Anahtar Kelimeler

Syrian Uprising, Arab Spring, Neoliberalism, Islamists, Ba’thism

Kaynakça

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