Roots of Labor Zionism: Israel as the New Land of Socialist Ideas?

Yıl 2012, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 165 - 192, 15.07.2016

Ayşe Ömür Atmaca

Öz

Filistin’de devlet öncesi dönemde Yahudi toplumunun siyasetine ve örgütsel yapısına egemen olan İşçi Siyonizmi İsrail Devleti’nin kuruluş ideolojisinin temel parçası haline gelmiştir. İkinci ve Üçüncü Aliyaların pek çok üyesi, adil bir toplumun gerçekleştirilmesinin yalnızca eşitlik düşüncesi ile başarılabileceğine olan inançları doğrultusunda, sosyalizmden etkilenmiştir. Yahudilerin Yahudi bir sosyalist devlet yardımıyla özgürleşmesi düşüncesi bağımsızlık için en belirgin motivasyonlardan biri olmuştur. Bu dönemde, aynı zamanda İsrail Devleti’nin kurucuları olan İşçi Siyonizminin öncüleri Yahudi ekonomisini Arap ekonomisinden ayırmışlar ve günümüzde hala etkili olan kurumlar ve siyasi partiler kurmuşlardır. Bu makale Siyonizmin özellikle İsrail Devleti’nin 1948’de bağımsız olmasından önce sosyalist kökenlerini incelemektir. İnşacı bakış açısıyla bu makalede Siyonizm bir aidiyet duygusu ile ulus-devlet halkı oluşturan bir ideoloji olarak tanımlanmıştır. Çalışmada sosyalist düşüncenin özellikle devlet öncesi dönemde ulusal kimlik ve Yahudi milliyetçiliğinin en önemli parçası olduğu ileri sürülmektedir. İkinci ve Üçüncü Aliyaların liderleri tarafından kurulan iktisadi ve siyasi kurumlar hem birleşik Yahudi ekonomisinin hem de İsrail’in siyasi hayatının temellerinin atılmasına yardımcı olmuştur. İşçi Siyonizmi bağımsızlıktan sonra 1970’lere kadar etkin olsa da ilk İşçi Siyonistlerin fikirlerinin çoğu gerçekleştirilememiştir. Yeni toplumun sembolü olan sosyalist düşünceler 1967 Altı Gün Savaşları sonrasında siyasi etkisini kaybetmiş ve yerini Revizyonist Siyonizme bırakmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Siyonizm, İşci Siyonizmi, Aliya, Yahudi İşçi, Filistin, İsrail Siyaseti

Roots of Labor Zionism: Israel as the New Land of Socialist Ideas?

Öz

Labor Zionism, which dominated the politics and organizational structure of the Jewish community in Palestine during the pre-state period,became the main component of the founding ideology of the State of Israel. Most members of the Second and the Third Aliyahs were affected by socialism in the sense that they believed the realization of a just society could only be achieved through the idea of equality. The ideaof the emancipation of Jews with the help of the Jewish socialist state 4 this period, the pioneers of Labor Zionism, who were also the foundingfathers of the State of Israel, separated Jewish from Arab economy, ' today. This article aimed to investigate the socialist roots of Zionism, especially before the independence of the State of Israel in 1948. From 4 4 ª ideology providing the people of the nation-state with a feeling of belonging. It is argued that the idea of socialism was the most important part of national identity and of Jewish nationalism especially during the pre-state period. The economic and political institutions founded by the pioneers of the Second and Third Aliyahs helped create both a uni ' B ' ª 8F ideas of the early Labor Zionists have not been realized. The socialistideals that had been the symbol of the new society lost their political Z@ 8F 4 sionist Zionism

Anahtar Kelimeler

Zionism, Socialist Zionism, Aliyah, Jewish Labor, Palestine, İsraeli Politics

Kaynakça

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