İRANLI KADINLARIN HATIRATLARINDA İRAN-IRAK SAVAŞI: SEYYİDE ZEHRA HOSEYNİ’NİN DA’SINI YORUMLAMAK

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 156 - 173, 01.01.2015

Metin Yüksel

https://doi.org/10.1080/00210862.2014.890848

Öz

2012 ve 2013 yıllarının yaz aylarında İran’da yaptığım metinsel ve etnografik keşif amaçlı araştırmalara dayanan bu makale 2008’de devlet desteği ile yayımlanıp çeşitli kanallardan dağıtımı yapılan bir kadın hatıratını yorumlamaya girişmektedir. Bu makale, Kürt Şii bir kadın olan Seyyide Zehra Hoseyni’nin İran-Irak Savaşı hakkındaki hatıratını konu alan Da başlıklı kitabını iki düzlemde bağlamsallaştırmaktadır. Her sözlü tarih projesi ve hatırat yazımı gibi Da da özgül bir toplumsal, tarihsel ve siyasal bağlamın dolaysız ürünüdür. İkinci olarak, Da’yı 1990’lar ve 2000’lerde İran’da kadınlar, gençler ve azınlıkların hoşnutsuzluklarına cevaben geliştirilmiş bir resmi ideolojik proje olarak yorumlamak mümkün görünmektedir

Anahtar Kelimeler

Seyyide Zehra Hoseyni, İran, İran-Irak Savaşı, Devlet, Hatırat

THE IRAN-IRAQ WAR IN IRANIAN WOMEN’S MEMOIRS: READING SEYYEDEH ZAHRA HOSSEINI’S DA

Öz

Based on a textual and ethnographic exploratory research conducted in the summers of 2012 and 2013 in Iran, this paper critically examines a woman’s memoir about the Iran-Iraq War. Published in 2008, promoted by the state and entitled Da, this memoir was written by a Kurdish Shiite woman by the name of Zahra Hosseini. This study attempts to interpret Da by contextualizing it on two levels. Like every oral history project and memoirs, Da has also been the product of its immediate social, political and historical context. Secondly, it seems that the state initiative to commission and promote such a work seems to be an ideological project to counter the discontents of women, the youth and ethnic minorities in Iran in the politically more open post-war period, i.e. the 1990s and 2000s

Anahtar Kelimeler

Seyyedeh Zahra Hosseini, Iran, Iran-Iraq War, State, Memoirs

Kaynakça

• Abecassis, Michaël, “Iranian War Cinema: Between Reality and Fiction”, Iranian Stu- dies, Vol. 44, No.3, 2011, pp. 387-394.
• Abrahamian, Ervand, Modern İran Tarihi, (İstanbul: İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları, 2009).
• Amin, Camron M., The Making of the Modern Iranian Woman: Gender, State Policy and Popular Culture, 1865-1946, (Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2002).
• Borchani, Mena, Mogayese-yi Ketab-i “Da” ve “Dohteri ez İran”, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, el-Zehra Üniversitesi, Fars Dili ve Edebiyatı Bölümü, 1389.
• Caferiyan, Golestan, Ez Çandela ta Ceng: Haterat-i Şems-i Sobhani, (Tehran: Enteşa- rat-i Sure Mehr, Defter-i Edebiyat ve Honer-i Mogavemet, 1392).
• Derebizade, Behnaz, Dohter-i Şina: Haterat-i Gedemhayr Muhammedi-yi Kenan, (Tehran: Enteşarat-i Sure Mehr, Defter-i Edebiyat ve Honer-i Mogavemet, 1392).
• Esmail, Aşhab, Berrasi-yi Enasır-i Dastani-yi “Da”, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Peyamnur Üniversitesi, Fars Dili ve Edebiyatı Bölümü, 1390.
• Geffari, Zohre, Negd ve Berresi-yi Camieşenahti-yi Çend Roman-i Dowre-yi Defa-i Mogeddes, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İslami Azad Üniversitesi, Fars Dili ve Edebi- yatı Bölümü, 1391.
• Gheissari, Ali and Kaveh-Cyrus Sanandaji, “New Conservative Politics and Electoral Behaviour” in Ali Gheissari (ed.) Contemporary Iran: Economy, Society, Poli- tics, (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009), pp. 275-298.
• Gieling, Saskia M., “Iran-Iraq War,” Encyclopedia Iranica http://www.iranicaonline. org/articles/iraq-vii-iran-iraq-war.
• Gruber, Christiane, “The Martyrs’ Museum in Tehran: Visualizing Memory in Post-Revolutionary Iran”, Visual Anthropology, Vol. 25, 2012, pp. 68-97.
• Günal, Asena, “Mine G. Kırıkkanat ve Beyaz Türk Oryantalizmi”, Birikim, No. 144, 2001, pp. 67-73.
• Haci Mirzamohammed, Mocteba, Berresi-yi Avamil-i Moesser ber Gerayeş-i Hanende- gan be Ketab-i “Da”, Haterat-i Seyyide Zehra Hoseyni, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Sure Yüksek Öğretim Kurumu, Kültürel Yönetim Bölümü, 1391.
• Haeri, Shahla, “Women, Religion and Political Agency in Iran” in Ali Gheissari (ed.) Contemporary Iran: Economy, Society, Politics, (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009), pp. 125-149.
• Haghgou, Shirin, Archiving War: Iran-Iraq War and the Construction of “Muslim” Wo- men, Unpublished MA Thesis at the Department of Adult Education and Community Development, Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto, 2014.
• Hagiri, Leyla, Berresi-yi Seyr-i Haterenivisi-yi Defa-i Mogeddes be Tekid ber Ketab-i “Da”, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Allame Tabetabai Üniversitesi, Fars Dili ve Ede- biyatı Bölümü, 1389.
• Halbwachs, Maurice, The Collective Memory, (New York: Harper and Row, 1980).
• Hillmann, Michael C., A Lonely Woman: Forugh Farrokhzad and Her Poetry, (Washin- gton DC: Mage Publishers, 1987).
• Hoseyni, Seyyide Azam, Da: Haterat-i Seyyide Zehra Hoseyni, (Tehran: Enteşarat-i Sure Mehr, Defter-i Edebiyat ve Honer-i Mogavemet, 1389).
• Hoseyni, Zahra, One Woman’s War: Da [Mother] - The Memoirs of Seyyedeh Zahra Hoseyni, (Mazda, 2014).
• Keddie, Nikki R., “Is There a Middle East?”, International Journal of Middle East Studies, Vol. 4, No. 3, Jul. 1973, pp. 255-271.
• Mahdavi, Shireen, “Taj al-Saltaneh, an Emancipated Qajar Princess”, Middle Eastern Studies Vol. 23, No. 2, 1987, pp. 188-193.
• Milani, Farzaneh, Veils and Words: the Emerging Voices of Iranian Women Writers, (Sy- racuse: Syracuse University Press, 1992).
• Mohammadi, Majid, “Iranian University Students’ Politics in the Post-Reform Mo- vement Era: A Discourse Analysis,” Iranian Studies, Vol.40, No. 5, 2007, pp. 623-634.
• Muhammedi, Leyla, Didar-i Zehmha: Haterat-i Masume Mirzayi, (Tehran: Enteşarat-i Sure Mehr, Defter-i Edebiyat ve Honer-i Mogavemet, 1389).
• Dohter-i U. P. D: Haterat-i Mina Kemali, (Tehran: Enteşarat-i Sure Mehr, Defter-i Edebiyat ve Honer-i Mogavemet, 1390).
• Najmabadi, Afsaneh, Women’s Autobiographies in Contemporary Iran, (Cambridge: Center for Middle Eastern Studies of Harvard University by Harvard Uni- versity Press, 1990).
• Nanquette, Laetitia, “An Iranian Woman’s Memoir on the Iran–Iraq War: The Pro- duction and Reception of Da”, Iranian Studies, Vol. 46, No. 6, 2013, pp. 943-957.
• Novick, Peter, The Holocaust in American Life, (Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1999).
• Pehlevi, Farah, Anılar, (İstanbul: Dünya, 2004).
• Rahimi, Feriba, Negd ve Berresi-yi Enasır-i Dastan der Ketab-i Da, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Arak Üniversitesi, Fars Dili ve Edebiyatı Bölümü, 1391.
• Said, Edward W., Şarkiyatçılık, (İstanbul: Metis, 1999).
• Kültür ve Emperyalizm, (İstanbul: Hil, 2004).
• Salehi-Isfahani, Djavad, “Iranian Youth in Times of Economic Crisis”, Iranian Stu- dies, Vol. 44, No. 6, 2011, pp. 789-806.
• Al-Saltanah, Taj, Crowning Anguish: Memoirs of a Persian Princess from the Harem to Modernity, (Washington DC: Mage Publishers, 1993).
• Seccadi, Şiva, Haterat-i Iran: Haterat-i İran Turabi, (Tehran: Enteşarat-i Sure Mehr, Defter-i Edebiyat ve Honer-i Mogavemet, 1391).
• Selmani, Nahid, Gol-i Simin: Haterat-i Seham Takati, (Tehran: Enteşarat-i Sure Mehr, Defter-i Edebiyat ve Honer-i Mogavemet, 1392).
• Semati, Mehdi, “Living with Globalization and the Islamic State: an Introduction to Media, Culture, and Society in Iran” in Mehdi Semati (ed.), Living with Globalization and the Islamic State: an Introduction to Media, Culture, and Society in Iran, (New York: Routledge, 2008).
• Serai, Zehra, Berresi-yi Haterenegari-yi Defa-i Mogeddes ba Negd ve Tahlil-i Ketab-i “Da”, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Yezd Üniversitesi, Fars Dili ve Edebiyatı Bölümü, 1390.
• Taj al-Saltanah, Crowning Anguish: Memoirs of a Persian Princess from the Harem to Modernity, (Washington DC: Mage Publishers, 1993).
• Taleşpur, Feriba, Potinha-yi Meryem: Haterat-i Meryem Emcedi, (Tehran: Enteşarat-i Sure Mehr, Defter-i Edebiyat ve Honer-i Mogavemet, 1391).
• Tohidi, Nayereh, “Ethnicity and Religious Minority Politics in Iran” in Ali Gheissari (ed.), Contemporary Iran: Economy, Society, Politics, (Oxford: Oxford Uni- versity Press, 2009), pp. 299-324.
• Tonkin, Elizabeth, Narrating Our Pasts: the Social Construction of Oral History, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992).
• Yahoseyni, Seyyid Kasım, Zeytun-i Sorh: Haterat-i Nahid Yosifyan, (Tehran: Enteşa- rat-i Sure Mehr, Defter-i Edebiyat ve Honer-i Mogavemet, 1387).
• Derya Hanom: Haterat-i Azar Allamezade, Hemser-i Şehid Reza Celil vend, (Tehran: Enteşarat-i Sure Mehr, Defter-i Edebiyat ve Honer-i Moga- vemet, 1390).
• Yüksel, Metin, “Iranian Studies in Turkey,” Iranian Studies, DOI:10.1080/0021086 2.2014.890848
• “The Encounter of Kurdish Women with Nationalism in Turkey,” Midd le Eastern Studies, Vol. 42, No. 5, 2006, pp. 777-802.
• “Reconstructing the History of Women in the Ottoman Empire,” Inter national Journal of Turkish Studies, Vol. 11, No. 1-2, 2005, pp. 49-59.
• Zaghiyan, Meryem, Ketabşenasi-yi Zen ve Defa-i Mugeddes, (Tehran: Sazman-i Çap ve Enteşarat-i Vezaret-i Ferheng ve Erşad-iEslami, 1387).
• Zahedi, Ashraf, “State Ideology and the Status of Iranian War Widows,” International Feminist Journal of Politics, Vol. 8, No. 2, 2006, pp. 267-286.
• Beyzai, Behram (yön.), Başu, Geribe-yi Kuçek, 1989.
• Gol, Jiyar (yön.), A Tale of Two Soldiers, 2010.
• Kiyerostami, Abbas (yön.), Meşg-i Şeb, 1989. http://www.qajarwomen.org/en/
• http://www.sooremehr.ir/fa/pages/about
• http://www.hozehonari.com/Default.aspx?page=8923
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qsZDUBdtVQo
• http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/worldagenda/2011/01/110131_worldagenda_ tale_two_soldiers.shtml