İRAN STRATEJİK KÜLTÜRÜ

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 44 - 67, 01.12.2016

Ayşe İrem Aycan

Öz

Stratejik kültür, realist teori bir ülkenin niçin belirli bir şekilde hareket ettiğini açıklayamadığı durumlarda o ülkenin dış politika kararlarına anlam vermek için kullanılabilir. İran’ın stratejik kültürünün, genel olarak Şiilik üzerinden anlaşılabileceği düşünülmektedir. Ancak, bu makale Şiilik’in İran rejimi tarafından araçsal olarak kullanıldığını göstermektedir. İran, coğrafi ve politik faktörleri dikkate alarak ulusal çıkarları doğrultusunda hareket etmektedir. Din ise, halk desteğini toplamak ve politika tercihlerini meşrulaştırmak amacıyla rejim tarafından kullanılmaktadır. Bu makale, 1979’daki devrimden bu yana, İran’daki dış politika karar alma prosedürlerini ve belirli dış politika kararlarını inceleyerek İran’ın stratejik kültürünü derinlemesine analiz edecektir

Anahtar Kelimeler

Stratejik kültür, Şiilik, İran, Dış Politika

IRANIAN STRATEGIC CULTURE

Öz

Strategic culture can explain foreign policy option of a country when realist theory cannot give meaning to why that country acted in a particular way. Iranian strategic culture is, in general, assumed to be understood by focusing on Shi’ism. However, this paper shows that Shi’ism is instrumentally used by the Iranian regime. Iran by taking into account the geographical and political factors acts along its national interests. Religion is useful for the regime in order to gather the support of the people and legitimizing the chosen policy option. The paper will analyze this by looking deeply into the literature on strategic culture, foreign policy-making procedures in Iran and specific foreign policy decisions since the revolution in 1979

Anahtar Kelimeler

strategic culture, Shi’ism, Iran, foreign policy

Kaynakça

• Alastair Iain Johnston. Thinking about Strategic Culture, International Security, Vol. 19, No. 4, (1995).
• Alexander L. George and Andrew Bennett, “Process Tracing and Historical Explanation.” Case Studies and Theory Development in the Social Sciences, (MIT Press, 2005).
• Ali L. Karaosmanoğlu, & Mustafa Kibaroğlu, Post-Cold War Defense Reform: Lessons Learned in Europe and the United States, East West Institute, Brassey’s, (New York: 2003).
• Anthony C. Cain, Iran’s Strategic Culture and Weapons of Mass Destruction, (Maxwell Paper, 2002).
• Basrur, R. M. (2001). Nuclear Weapons and Indian Strategic Culture. Journal of Peace Research, 38(2), 181–198. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343301038002004
• Bradley S. Klein, Hegemony and Strategic Culture: American Power Projection and Alliance Defence Politics. Review of International Studies, Vol. 14, No. 2, (1988).
• Colin S. Gray, Strategic culture as context: the first generation of theory strikes back. Review of International Studies, Vol. 25, No. 1, (1999).
• David R. Jones, Soviet Strategic Culture. In Strategic Power: USA/USSR, (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 1990).
• Elizabeth Kier, Culture and Military Doctrine: France between the Wars, International Security, Vol. 19, No. 4, (1995).
• Firoozeh Papan-Matin, The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Iranian Studies, Vol. 47, No. 1, (1989).
• Gregory D. McDowall, Clerics and Commanders an Examination of the Evolution of the Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps’ Role in the Political Economy of Iran, (2011).
• Gregory F. Giles, The crucible of radical Islam: Iran’s leaders and strategic culture. Know Thy Enemy: Profiles of Adversary Leaders and Their Strategic Cultures, Maxwell Air Force Base, AL: USAF Counterproliferation Center, (2003).
• Hasan Kösebalaban, Lecture on Modern Sources of Islamism, retrieved from Istanbul Sehir University Islam and Politics in the Middle East Class, (2016).
• J Paul Dunne, Military Keynesianism: An Assessment, Peace Economics and Peace Science, (2011).
• Jack Snyder, Myths of Empire: Domestic Politics and International Ambition, (Cornell University Press, 1991).
• Jack Snyder, Myths of Empire: Domestic Politics and International Ambition, (Cornell University Press, 1991).
• Jack Snyder, Soviet Strategic Culture: Implication for Limited Nuclear Operations. Santa Monica, CA, Rand R-2154-AF, (Rand Corporation, 1977)
• Jack Snyder, The Concept of Strategic Culture: Caveat Emptor. In Strategic Power: USA/USSR, (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 1990).
• Jeffrey S. Lantis, Strategic Culture and National Security Policy. International Studies Review, Vol. 4, No. 3, (2002).
• Jeffrey S. Lantis, Strategic Culture and Tailored Deterrence: Bridging the Gap betwe- en Theory and Practice, Contemporary Security Policy, Vol. 30 No. 3, (2009).
• Jeffrey S. Lantis, Strategic Culture: From Clausewitz to Constructivism, in Strategic Culture and Weapons of Mass Destruction, (Springer, 2006).
• Jeremy Black, Rethinking Military History, (Psychology Press, 2004).
• John Glenn, Realism versus Strategic Culture: Competition and Collaboration? International Studies Review, Vol. 11, No. 3, (2009).
• K. P. O’Reilly, A Rogue Doctrine?: The Role of Strategic Culture on US Foreign Policy Behavior. Foreign Policy Analysis, Vol. 9, No. 1, (2013).
• Kamran Taremi, Iranian Strategic Culture: The Impact of Ayatollah Khomeini’s Interpretation of Shiite Islam. Contemporary Security Policy, Vol. 35, No.1, (2014).
• Ken Booth, Strategy and Ethnocentrism, (Routledge Revivals, 2014).
• Lawrence Sondhaus, Strategic Culture and Ways of War, (Routledge, 2006).
• Liu Yongtao, Discourse, Meanings and IR Studies: Taking the Rhetoric of” Axis of Evil” As a Case. CONfines de relaciones internacionales y ciencia política, Vol. 6, No. 11, (2010).
• Mahdi Mohammad Nia, Discourse and Identity in Iran’s Foreign Policy, Iranian Review of Foreign Affairs, Vol. 3, No, 3, (2012).
• Michael C. Desch, Culture Clash: Assessing the Importance of Ideas in Security Studies, International Security, Vol.23 No.1, (1998).
• Ole Wæver, “The rise and fall of the inter-paradigm debate.” International Theory: Positivism and Beyond. (1996).
• P. W. Singer, Corporate Warriors: The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry, (Cornell University Press, 2007).
• Ray Takeyh, Guardians of the Revolution: Iran and the World in the Age of the Ayatollahs. (Oxford University Press, 2009).
• Steve Smith, Ken Booth, & Marysia Zalewski, International Theory: Positivism and Beyond. (Cambridge University Press, 1996).
• United Nation Group of Consultant Experts, Economic and Social Consequences of the Arms Race. in Thee, Marek (ed.), Armaments, Arms Control, and Disarmament: a Unesco Reader for Disarmament Education, (Paris: Unesco Press, 1981).