Assasing Terrorism as a Hegemonic Conception within the Context of Securitization

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 2, 349 - 368, 15.11.2020

Esra Cavusoglu

https://doi.org/10.47932/ortetut.720727

Cited By: 2

Öz

The concept of terrorism has become a widely referred phenomenon in the field of international relations in recent years and has become one of the leading parameters in security-based studies. The increase in the number of terrorist activities in recent years has caused terrorism to become a primary and common threat for national and international security, as acknowledged by international law. However, the ambiguity in the definition of terrorism, which is left unclear in the conceptional framework enables terrorism to be manipulated and instrumentalized for political purposes. Thus, it is observed that what is referred to as terrorism or terrorist can be defined in different ways by different political agendas. Regarding this fact, it is argued in this paper that terrorism is easily used as a useful hegemonic tool. Therefore, it has grown as a hegemonic conception. The main argument of this paper is that terrorism functions as the essential and central element in the securitization policies and systems mainly implemented in the Middle East. How the terrorism conception is materialized for the maintenance of hegemony is analyzed in this paper within the framework of critical security and securitization theories based on two cases; Palestinians and the Muslim Brotherhood (MB) which both have been accused of terrorism for hegemonic purposes within the configuration of securitization.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Terrorism, Hegemony, Security, Securitization, Middle East

تقييم الإرهاب كمصطلح هيمنة في سياق الأمننة

Öz

أصبح مصطلح الإرهاب خلال السنوات الأخيرة ظاهرة يتم الاستشهاد بها على نطاق واسع في مجال العلاقات الدولية وأحد
المعايير الهامة في الدراسات الأمنية. زيادة عدد الفعاليات الإرهابية في السنوات الأخيرة، تسبب في وضع مسألة الإرهاب على
رأس قائمة الأخطار الرئيسية والمشتركة للأمن الوطني والدولي الذي تقبله قوانين الدول والمنظمات الدولية. وإضافة لذلك، فإن
الغموض في تعريف الإرهاب الذي لم يتم وضع إطار اصطلاحي له، يسمح بإمكانية التلاعب بالإرهاب واستغلاله لأغراض
سياسية. لذلك، يبدو أن الإرهاب أو العناصر التي يشار إليها بالإرهابيين يمكن تعريفها بأشكال مختلفة من قبل أجندات سياسية
مختلفة. ووفق هذه الحقيقة، تشير هذه المقالة إلى أنه من السهل استخدام الإرهاب كوسيلة فعالة للهيمنة، ولهذا السبب يمكن القول
إن هناك تطور لمصطلح هيمنة. الموضوع الرئيسي لهذه الدراسة، هو أن الإرهاب يعمل كعنصر إلزامي ومركزي في سياسات
وأنظمة الأمننة التي تم هيكلتها لاسيما في الشرق الأوسط. هذه المقالة تبحث كيفية استخدام مصطلح الإرهاب من أجل استمرار
الهيمنة، في إطار نظريتي الأمن والأمننة النقديتين، من خلال تناول نموذجي المجتمع الفلسطيني والإخوان المسلمين المتّهميْن
بالإرهاب وفق الأمننة التي تم تحقيقها بما يتماشى مع أهداف الهيمنة لكلا النظريتين.

Anahtar Kelimeler

الإرهاب, الهيمنة, الأمن, الأمننة, الشرق الأوسط

Güvenlikleştirme Bağlamında Terörizmin Hegemonik Bir Kavram Olarak Değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Terörizm kavramı, son yıllarda uluslararası ilişkiler alanında geniş çapta atıfta bulunulan bir olgu ve güvenlik temelli çalışmalarda önde gelen parametrelerden biri haline gelmiştir. Son yıllarda terörist faaliyetlerin sayısının artması, terörizmin devlet yasaları ve uluslararası örgütler tarafından kabul edilen ulusal ve uluslararası güvenlik için başat ve ortak tehdit haline gelmesine neden olmuştur. Bununla birlikte, kavramsal çerçevesi netleşmemiş olan terörizmin tanımındaki belirsizlik, terörizmin siyasi amaçlar için manipüle edilmesine ve araçlaştırılmasına olanak tanımaktadır. Bundan dolayı, terörizme ya da terörist ile atıfta bulunulan unsurların, farklı siyasi gündemler tarafından farklı şekillerde tanımlanabildiği görülmektedir. Bu gerçekten hareketle, bu makalede terörizmin etkili bir hegemonik araç olarak kolayca kullanıldığı, bu nedenle hegemonik bir kavram olarak geliştiği ileri sürülmektedir. Bu çalışmanın temel argümanı terrörizmin özellikle Ortadoğu’da yapılandırılan güvenlikleştirme politikaları ve sistemlerinin zorunlu ve merkezi unsuru olarak işlev görüyor olmasıdır. Bu makalede, terörizm kavramının hegemonyanın sürdürülmesi için nasıl kullanıldığı eleştirel güvenlik ve güvenlikleştirme teorileri çerçevesinde, her ikisi de hegemonik hedefler doğrultusunda gerçekleştirilen güvenlikleştirmeler çerçevesinde terrörizmle suçlanan Filistin toplumu ve Müslüman Kardeşler (MK) örnekleri üzerinden incelenmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Terörizm, Hegemonya, Güvenlik, Güvenlikleştirme, Ortadoğu

Kaynakça

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