TR
EN
Rüşdiye Schools in the Ottoman Provinces: Policies on Allocation of Premises, Teacher Recruitment, and Provision of Instructional Materials [1848–1876]
Öz
This article examines the organizational and institutional efforts that shaped modern schooling in the Ottoman provinces between 1848 and 1876, focusing on three policy domains: the allocation of premises, the recruitment of teachers, and the provision of instructional materials. Drawing on archival sources and contemporary periodicals, the study shows that schools initially opened by converting existing structures but increasingly moved into purpose-built facilities financed through local contributions. Teacher shortages were first addressed locally—through the appointment of muallim-i sânî (second/assistant teachers)—and later by centrally appointed muallim-i evvel (head teachers). Textbooks and other materials were dispatched from the center largely in response to requests from the provinces. The article argues that the institutionalization of rüşdiye (modern middle) schools in the provincial context was neither a seamless imposition of a uniform model nor a purely local initiative; rather, it emerged from a multilayered process of continuous negotiation and adaptation between central authority and local actors.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Destekleyen Kurum
The author declared that this study has no financial support.
Etik Beyan
I declare that this study is original; that I have acted by the principles and rules of scientific ethics at all stages of the study, including preparation, data collection, analysis, and presentation of information; that I have cited sources for all data and information not obtained within the scope of this study and included these sources in the bibliography; that I have not made any changes in the data used, and that I comply with ethical duties and responsibilities by accepting all the terms and conditions of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). I hereby declare that if a situation contrary to my statement regarding the study is detected, I agree to all moral and legal consequences that may arise.
Kaynakça
- Presidency of the Republic of Türkiye Directorate of State Archives Ottoman Archives(BOA)
- BOA, Amedi Kalemi Evrakı (A}. AMD) 36/89.
- BOA, Cevdet Maarif (C.MF) 127/6344.
- BOA, İrade Dâhiliye (İ.DH) 437/28913; 465/31030; 600/41842.
- BOA, İrade Meclis-i Vala (İ.MVL) 137/3751 Lef 7; 510/23032 Lef 7; 508.22934.
- BOA, Maarif Nezareti Mektubi Kalemi (MF MKT) 54/27 Lef 1; 29/38; 28/127; 11/27; 2/9; 2/91; 33/17; 27/100; 27/111; 27/105; 27/120; 27/135; 27/207; 27/199; 29/89; 25/29; 25/7; 25/16; 25/18; 25/21; 25/40; 25/32; 25/46; 25/49; 25/78; 25/76; 25/89; 25/127; 25/115; 25/118; 44/113; 44/121; 45/9.
- BOA, Maarif Nezareti Tedrisat-ı İbtidaiyye Kalemi (MF. İBT) 1/36; 2/64; 11/22; 12/83; 2/64; 3/85; 3/123; 5/136; 6/1; 6/12; 10/51; 9/7; 9/22; 9/23; 9/27; 9/13; 9/17; 9/24; 9/25; 9/114; 9/104; 9/116; 9/117; 9/111; 9/12; 9/115; 10/61; 11/22; 11/25; 11/24; 11/26; 11/28; 11/35; 11/52; 11/53; 11/56; 11/5811 lef 37; 11/42; 11/44; 11/49; 11/51; 11/55; 11/69; 11/62; 11/64; 11.61; 11/71; 11/77; 11/78; 11/86; 11/82; 11/84; 11/91; 11/85; 11/90, MF; 11/92; 11/131; 11/132; 11/129; 11/128; 11/156; 11/154; 11/158; 12/71.
- BOA, Meclis-i Vala (MVL) 1058/20; 724/49; 879/12; 965/59.
Ayrıntılar
Birincil Dil
İngilizce
Konular
Osmanlı Eğitim Tarihi
Bölüm
Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar
Yayımlanma Tarihi
15 Eylül 2026
Gönderilme Tarihi
30 Aralık 2025
Kabul Tarihi
6 Haziran 2026
Yayımlandığı Sayı
Yıl 2026 Sayı: 30
APA
Ertekin, A. (2026). Rüşdiye Schools in the Ottoman Provinces: Policies on Allocation of Premises, Teacher Recruitment, and Provision of Instructional Materials [1848–1876]. Osmanlı Medeniyeti Araştırmaları Dergisi, 30, 136-171. https://doi.org/10.21021/osmed.1852504
AMA
1.Ertekin A. Rüşdiye Schools in the Ottoman Provinces: Policies on Allocation of Premises, Teacher Recruitment, and Provision of Instructional Materials [1848–1876]. OSMED. 2026;(30):136-171. doi:10.21021/osmed.1852504
Chicago
Ertekin, Abdusselam. 2026. “Rüşdiye Schools in the Ottoman Provinces: Policies on Allocation of Premises, Teacher Recruitment, and Provision of Instructional Materials [1848–1876]”. Osmanlı Medeniyeti Araştırmaları Dergisi, sy 30: 136-71. https://doi.org/10.21021/osmed.1852504.
EndNote
Ertekin A (01 Eylül 2026) Rüşdiye Schools in the Ottoman Provinces: Policies on Allocation of Premises, Teacher Recruitment, and Provision of Instructional Materials [1848–1876]. Osmanlı Medeniyeti Araştırmaları Dergisi 30 136–171.
IEEE
[1]A. Ertekin, “Rüşdiye Schools in the Ottoman Provinces: Policies on Allocation of Premises, Teacher Recruitment, and Provision of Instructional Materials [1848–1876]”, OSMED, sy 30, ss. 136–171, Eyl. 2026, doi: 10.21021/osmed.1852504.
ISNAD
Ertekin, Abdusselam. “Rüşdiye Schools in the Ottoman Provinces: Policies on Allocation of Premises, Teacher Recruitment, and Provision of Instructional Materials [1848–1876]”. Osmanlı Medeniyeti Araştırmaları Dergisi. 30 (01 Eylül 2026): 136-171. https://doi.org/10.21021/osmed.1852504.
JAMA
1.Ertekin A. Rüşdiye Schools in the Ottoman Provinces: Policies on Allocation of Premises, Teacher Recruitment, and Provision of Instructional Materials [1848–1876]. OSMED. 2026;:136–171.
MLA
Ertekin, Abdusselam. “Rüşdiye Schools in the Ottoman Provinces: Policies on Allocation of Premises, Teacher Recruitment, and Provision of Instructional Materials [1848–1876]”. Osmanlı Medeniyeti Araştırmaları Dergisi, sy 30, Eylül 2026, ss. 136-71, doi:10.21021/osmed.1852504.
Vancouver
1.Abdusselam Ertekin. Rüşdiye Schools in the Ottoman Provinces: Policies on Allocation of Premises, Teacher Recruitment, and Provision of Instructional Materials [1848–1876]. OSMED. 01 Eylül 2026;(30):136-71. doi:10.21021/osmed.1852504
