Araştırma Makalesi

Change and Continuity in the Ottoman–Turkish Image in Bulgarian History Textbooks from the Fall of Communism to Bulgaria’s EU Accession

Sayı: 29 15 Haziran 2026
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Change and Continuity in the Ottoman–Turkish Image in Bulgarian History Textbooks from the Fall of Communism to Bulgaria’s EU Accession

Öz

This article analyzes the image of the Ottoman–Turkish past in Bulgarian history textbooks from the fall of communism until the early years of Bulgaria’s accession to the European Union. Drawing on textbook research and image analysis, this study compares pre- and post-1990 textbooks and shows that, although explicitly harsh terminology such as “slavery” has decreased, the dominant representation of the Ottomans remains largely negative. Ottoman expansion is consistently framed as invasion and occupation, while Ottoman rule is portrayed as a period of oppression, religious discrimination, forced Islamization, and cultural stagnation for Bulgarians. Particular emphasis is placed on the Russo-Ottoman War of 1877–78 and the Balkan Wars of 1912-13, which are presented as wars of liberation and national unification, reinforcing a narrative of Bulgarian victimhood and heroism. Overall, the study argues that analyzed textbooks continue to reproduce long-standing nationalist stereotypes, shaping a persistently negative Ottoman/Turkish image in Bulgarian historical consciousness.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Destekleyen Kurum

The article is based on my TÜBİTAK Project report on Bulgarian history textbooks [TÜBİTAK 1001 Project No. 110K571]

Proje Numarası

110K571

Etik Beyan

I declare that this study is original; that I have acted by the principles and rules of scientific ethics at all stages of the study, including preparation, data collection, analysis, and presentation of information; that I have cited sources for all data and information not obtained within the scope of this study and included these sources in the bibliography; that I have not made any changes in the data used, and that I comply with ethical duties and responsibilities by accepting all the terms and conditions of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). I hereby declare that if a situation contrary to my statement regarding the study is detected, I agree to all moral and legal consequences that may arise.

Teşekkür

I thank TÜBİTAK for the support of my research.

Kaynakça

  1. Angelov, Petar, Tsvetana Georgieva, Georgi Bakalov, Dimitar Tsanev. Zapiski po Istoriya na Bălgariya 681-1878. Sofia: SD Bulvest-2000, 1992.
  2. Angelov, Petar, Tsvetana Georgieva & M. Radeva. Istoriya i Tsivilizatsiya za 5. Klas. Sofia: Prozorets, 2006. Aydın, M. Şarki Rumeli Vilayeti. Ankara: TTK, 1992.
  3. Berktay, A. & H. C. Tuncer (ed.). Tarih Eğitimi ve Tarihte“Öteki” Sorunu. İstanbul: Tarih Vakfı Yurt Yayınları, 1998.
  4. Chew III, William L. “What's in a National Stereotype? An Introduction to Imagology at the Threshold of the 21st Century”. Language and Intercultural Communication, Vol. 6, No. 3-4, (2006): 179-187.
  5. Danova, N., V. Dimova & M. Kalitsin (ed.). Predstavata za “drugiya” na Balkanite. Sofia: Akademiçno Izdatelstvo “Marin Drinov”, 1995.
  6. Ersoy-Hacısalihoğlu, N. “Bulgaristan Güncel Tarih Ders Kitaplarında Balkan Savaşları”. Balkan Savaşlarının 100. Yılı, 11-13 Mayıs 2012, Bildiriler. İstanbul: Bağcılar Belediyesi, 2012, 162-173.
  7. Ersoy-Hacısalihoğlu, N. “Bulgaristan Güncel Tarih Ders Kitaplarında Osmanlı-Türk İmajı”. Balkan ve Karadeniz Ülkelerinde Güncel Tarih Ders Kitaplarında Osmanlı-Türk İmajı. Ed. M. Hacısalihoğlu, İstanbul: BALKAR, 2020, 351-380.
  8. Ersoy-Hacısalihoğlu, N. “Bulgaria’s Policy toward Muslims during the Balkan Wars”. War and Nationalism, The Balkan Wars, 1912-1913, and Their Sociopolitical Implications. Ed. H. Yavuz & I. Blumi. Salt Lake City: The University of Utah Press, 2013, 361-370.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Yakınçağ Tarihi (Diğer)

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yayımlanma Tarihi

15 Haziran 2026

Gönderilme Tarihi

4 Mart 2026

Kabul Tarihi

11 Haziran 2026

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2026 Sayı: 29

Kaynak Göster

APA
Ersoy Hacısalihoğlu, N. (2026). Change and Continuity in the Ottoman–Turkish Image in Bulgarian History Textbooks from the Fall of Communism to Bulgaria’s EU Accession. Osmanlı Medeniyeti Araştırmaları Dergisi, 29, 498-520. https://doi.org/10.21021/osmed.1902351
AMA
1.Ersoy Hacısalihoğlu N. Change and Continuity in the Ottoman–Turkish Image in Bulgarian History Textbooks from the Fall of Communism to Bulgaria’s EU Accession. OSMED. 2026;(29):498-520. doi:10.21021/osmed.1902351
Chicago
Ersoy Hacısalihoğlu, Neriman. 2026. “Change and Continuity in the Ottoman–Turkish Image in Bulgarian History Textbooks from the Fall of Communism to Bulgaria’s EU Accession”. Osmanlı Medeniyeti Araştırmaları Dergisi, sy 29: 498-520. https://doi.org/10.21021/osmed.1902351.
EndNote
Ersoy Hacısalihoğlu N (01 Haziran 2026) Change and Continuity in the Ottoman–Turkish Image in Bulgarian History Textbooks from the Fall of Communism to Bulgaria’s EU Accession. Osmanlı Medeniyeti Araştırmaları Dergisi 29 498–520.
IEEE
[1]N. Ersoy Hacısalihoğlu, “Change and Continuity in the Ottoman–Turkish Image in Bulgarian History Textbooks from the Fall of Communism to Bulgaria’s EU Accession”, OSMED, sy 29, ss. 498–520, Haz. 2026, doi: 10.21021/osmed.1902351.
ISNAD
Ersoy Hacısalihoğlu, Neriman. “Change and Continuity in the Ottoman–Turkish Image in Bulgarian History Textbooks from the Fall of Communism to Bulgaria’s EU Accession”. Osmanlı Medeniyeti Araştırmaları Dergisi. 29 (01 Haziran 2026): 498-520. https://doi.org/10.21021/osmed.1902351.
JAMA
1.Ersoy Hacısalihoğlu N. Change and Continuity in the Ottoman–Turkish Image in Bulgarian History Textbooks from the Fall of Communism to Bulgaria’s EU Accession. OSMED. 2026;:498–520.
MLA
Ersoy Hacısalihoğlu, Neriman. “Change and Continuity in the Ottoman–Turkish Image in Bulgarian History Textbooks from the Fall of Communism to Bulgaria’s EU Accession”. Osmanlı Medeniyeti Araştırmaları Dergisi, sy 29, Haziran 2026, ss. 498-20, doi:10.21021/osmed.1902351.
Vancouver
1.Neriman Ersoy Hacısalihoğlu. Change and Continuity in the Ottoman–Turkish Image in Bulgarian History Textbooks from the Fall of Communism to Bulgaria’s EU Accession. OSMED. 01 Haziran 2026;(29):498-520. doi:10.21021/osmed.1902351

İndeksler / Indexes
 

SCOPUS, TÜBİTAK/ULAKBİM TR DİZİN [SBVT]

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