Otoimmün Hastalıklarda Epigenetiğin Rolü

Öz

Otoimmün hastalıkların sınıflandırılması, teşhisi ve yeni terapi yöntemlerinin bulunmasında birçok önemli gelişme olmuştur. Mevcut teoriler, otoimmün hastalıkların gelişiminin genetik yatkınlığı ve çevresel faktörlerden kaynaklanan epigenetik modifikasyonları içerdiğini ve özellikle doku hasarına neden olan kazanılmış bağışıklık sistemini tetiklediğini öne sürmektedir. Epigenetik modifikasyonlar ile genomik dizide bir değişiklik olmamasına rağmen gen ekspresyonu değişmektedir. Son yıllarda, tek gen hastalıkların patofizyolojisinde genetik yatkınlığın yanı sıra epigenetik modifikasyonların rol oynadığı tespit edilmiştir. Buradan yola çıkarak, otoimmün hastalıklara katkıda bulunan epigenetik faktörlerin anlaşılması, hedefe yönelik yeni terapilerin araştırılması ve uygulanmasına olanak sağlayabilecektir. Bu derlemede, otoimmün hastalıklarda patogenezinde epigenetik modifikasyonların önemi ve epigenetik değişikliklerin hastalığın ortaya çıkışı üzerindeki etkisi özetlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bağışıklık Toleransı
• Epigenetik
• Otoimmün Hastalıklar

The Interaction of Epigenetics In Autoimmune Diseases

Öz

There have been many important developments in the classification, diagnosis, and finding of new therapies for autoimmune diseases. Current theories suggest that the development of autoimmune diseases involves genetic predisposition, and epigenetic modifications arising from environmental factors, that trigger mainly the adaptive immune pathways that eventually result in tissue destruction. Gene expression can be modified by epigenetic modifications without changing the sequence of the genome. In recent years, it has been identified that epigenetic modifications play role in the pathophysiology of single-gene disease in addition to genetic predisposition. Therefore, understanding the epigenetic factors that contribute to autoimmune diseases may lead to new target-directed therapies. Here, the importance of epigenetic modifications in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and the effect of epigenetic changes on the onset of the disease are summarized.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Immune Tolerance
• Epigenetics
• Autoimmune Diseases
• Bağışıklık Toleransı
• Epigenetik
• Otoimmün Hastalıklar

Kaynakça

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