Türkiye ve Avrupa Birliği Ülkelerinde Doğumda Beklenen Yaşam Süresi ve Ölüme Bağlı Kaybedilen Yıllar Üzerine Etkili Sağlık Göstergelerinin Belirlenmesi: Bir Panel Veri Analizi

Öz

Çalışmanın amacı, 2000-2017 dönemi verileri ile Türkiye ve Avrupa Birliği (AB) ülkelerinde seçilmiş sağlık göstergelerinin doğuşta beklenen yaşam süresi (DBYS) ve ölüme bağlı kaybedilen potansiyel yıllar (YPLL) üzerindeki etkisini değerlendirmektir. Çalışma, Temmuz 2019-Haziran 2020 tarihleri arasında yürütülen ekolojik nitelikte bir panel veri analizi (PVA) araştırmasıdır. Sağlık hizmeti kullanımı, sağlık ekipmanları, sağlık kaynakları ve sağlık riskleri olmak üzere dört panel modellenmiştir. Sağlık durumu kategorisinde yer alan DBYS ve YPLL bağımlı değişkenler olarak kabul edilmiştir. Sağlık hizmeti kullanımı kategorisinde, çocuk aşılama oranlarındaki artışın DBYS üzerinde artırıcı bir etkiye sahip olduğu; çocuk aşılama oranı, hastanede kalış süresi ve hastaneden taburcu olma oranlarındaki artışın ise YPLL üzerinde azaltıcı bir etkiye sahip olduğu bulunmuştur. Sağlık ekipmanları panelinde, Manyetik Rezonans Görüntüleme (MRI) cihazı sayısındaki artışın DBYS üzerinde artırıcı bir etkiye sahip olduğu, Bilgisayarlı Tomografi (BT) cihazı ve MRI sayısındaki artışın ise YPLL üzerinde azaltıcı bir etkiye sahip olduğu bulunmuştur. Sağlık kaynakları panelinde, sağlık harcamaları, doktor sayısı ve hemşire sayısındaki artışın DBYS üzerinde artırıcı bir etkiye sahip olduğu; sağlık harcamaları ve doktor sayısındaki artışın ise YPLL üzerinde azaltıcı bir etkiye sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sağlık riskleri panelinde ise sigara içme prevelans hızı, alkol tüketim miktarı ve obezite prevelans hızındaki artışın DBYS üzerinde azaltıcı etkisi olduğu; sigara içme prevelans hızı ve obezite prevelans hızındaki artışın ise YPLL üzerinde artırıcı etkiye sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sağlık göstergelerine ait verilerin Panel Veri Analizi (PVA) gibi modern istatistiksel yaklaşımlarla analiz edilmesi, sağlık hizmetlerine yönelik müdahalelerin, projeksiyonların ve stratejilerin belirlenmesinde yol gösterici olabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sağlık göstergeleri
• Panel Veri Analizi
• Sağlık Düzeyi

Evaluation of the Effect of Health Indicators on Life Expectancy at Birth and Years of Life Lost in European Union Countries and Türkiye: A Panel Data Analysis

Öz

The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of selected health indicators on life expectancy at birth (LEAB) and years of potential life lost (YPLL) in Turkey and European Union (EU) countries with data of 2000-2017 period. The study is an ecological research with panel data analysis (PDA) conducted between July 2019 and June 2020. Four panels are modeled as health care use, health equipment, health resources and health risks. LEAB and YPLL which are in health status category were accepted as dependent variables. In health care use category, it was found that an increase in the child vaccination rates had an increasing effect on LEAB, while an increase in the child vaccination rate, length of hospital stay and hospital discharge rates had a decreasing effect on YPLL. In the health equipment panel, it was found that the increase in the number of Magnetic Resonance Imaging devices (MRI) had an increasing effect on LEAB, while the increase in the number of Computed Tomography (CT) devices and the number of MRIs had a decreasing effect on YPLL. In the health recources panel, it was found that the increase in health spending, number of doctors and number of nurses had an increasing effect on LEAB, while the increase in health spending and number of doctors had a decreasing effect on YPLL. In the panel on health risks, it was found that an increase in smoking prevalence rate, alcohol consumption amount and obesity prevalence rate had a decreasing effect on LEAB, while an increase in smoking prevalence rate and obesity prevalence rate had an increasing effect on YPLL. Analyzing the data of health indicators with modern statistical approaches such as Panel Data Analysis (PDA) can help to guide for determining interventions, projections and strategies in health services.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Health Indicators
• Panel Data Analysis
• Health Status

Kaynakça

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