Demographic Features And Allergic Sensitization Of Patients With Respiratory Symptoms

Öz

The prevalence of allergic airway diseases are increasing worldwide. Adressing the responsible allergen is crucial to take precautions and treat patients. The aim of this study is to evaluate the demographic and clinical features of patients with suspected respiratory allergies. Medical reports of adult patients admitted to outpatient clinic of immunology and allergic diseases were retrospectively screened. Patients those had at least one of the following complaints and/or symptoms of rhinorhea, nasal itching, sneezing, nasal obstruction, shortness of breath, chest tightness, phlegm, cough, itchy eyes were recruited to study. Demographic and clinical features were recorded. Atopy status was determined with skin prick test and/or serum specific IgE levels. Of the 986 patients recruited, majority was female (73.32%). 70.38 % patients had rhinitis, 14.40 % had patients rhinitis and asthma, 3.54 % patients had asthma, 11.66% patients had nonspesific airway symptoms. Atopy was determined in 426 (43.20 %) patients, house dust mite (HDM) and Parietaria were the most frequent allergens. Almost half of the patients with rhinitis and asthma were atopic (48.32%, 51.97%, respectively). Patients those had hypersensitivity to Parietaria, a weed pollen, had perennial symptoms. In conclusion, detection of underlying cause of airway diseases is an important step in managing the disease. In this study HDM and Parietaria were the most frequently determined allergens, both yielded perennial symptoms revealing the importance of continuous treatment through the year.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Allergic rhinitis
• Asthma
• House dust mite
• Parietaria
• Respiratory allergies
• Skin prick test

Solunumsal Semptomları Olan Hastaların Demografik Özellikleri Ve Alerjik Duyarlılıkları

Öz

Alerjik havayolu hastalıklarının prevalansı tüm dünyada artmaktadır. Hastaların tedavilerini ve gereken önlemleri belirlemek için sorumlu alerjeni saptamak önemlidir. Bu çalışmada respiratuar alerji şüphesi olan hastaların demografik ve klinik özelliklerinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. İmmunoloji ve alerji hastalıkları polikliniğine başvurmuş erişkin hastaların tıbbi kayıtları retrospektif olarak incelendi. Burun akıntısı, burun kaşıntısı, hapşırma, burun tıkanıklığı, nefes darlığı göğüste sıkışma, balgam çıkarma, öksürük, göz kaşıntısı gibi semptom ve/veya yakınmalardan en az biri olan hastalar çalışmaya dahil edildi. Hastaların demografik ve klinik özellikleri kaydedildi. Atopi durumu deri prik testleri ve/veya serum spesifik IgE tayini ile yapıldı. Çalışmaya dahil edilen 986 hastanın çoğu (%73.32) kadındı. Hastaların %73.38’inde rinit, %14.4’ünde rinit ve astım, %3.54’ünde astım, % 11.66’sında nonspesifik havayolu semptomları bulunmaktaydı. 426 (%43.20) hasta atopikti, ev tozu akarı ve Parietaria en sık saptanan alerjenlerdi. Rinit ve astım hastalarının yaklaşık yarısında atopi mevcuttu. (sırasıyla %48.32, %51.9). Bir yabani ot poleni olan Parietaria’ya karşı aşırıduyarlılık tespit edilen hastalarda yakınmalar perennialdi. Sonuç olarak havayolu hastalığı altta yatan sebebini bulmak hastalık yönetimi için önemli bir basamaktır. Bu çalışmada evtozu akarı ve Parietaria en sık saptanan alerjenler olup, her ikisi de perennial yakınmalara sebep olmaktadır. Bu bulgu, tedavinin yıl boyu devam etmesinin önemini göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Alerjik rinit
• Astım
• Ev tozu akarı
• Parietaria
• Havayolu alerjileri
• Deri prik test

Kaynakça

1. 1. Kanchongkittiphon W, Mendell MJ, Gaffin JM, Wang G, Phipatanakul W. Indoor environmental exposures and exacerbation of asthma: an update to the 2000 review by the Institute of Medicine. Environmental health perspectives. 2015;123(1):6-20.
2. 2. Global Iniative for Asthma. Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention, 2022. Accessed August 8, 2023.-. 2022.
3. 3. Wenzel SE. Asthma: defining of the persistent adult phenotypes. The Lancet. 2006;368(9537):804-13.
4. 4. Moore WC, Meyers DA, Wenzel SE, Teague WG, Li H, Li X, et al. Identification of asthma phenotypes using cluster analysis in the Severe Asthma Research Program. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine. 2010;181(4):315-23.
5. 5. Bousquet J, Van Cauwenberge P, Khaltaev N. Allergic rhinitis and its impact on asthma. Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 2001;108(5):S147-S334.
6. 6. Greiner AN, Hellings PW, Rotiroti G, Scadding GK. Allergic rhinitis. The Lancet. 2011;378(9809):2112-22.
7. 7. Pawankar R. Allergic diseases and asthma: a global public health concern and a call to action. BioMed Central; 2014. p. 1-3.
8. 8. Simoens S, Laekeman G. Pharmacotherapy of allergic rhinitis: a pharmaco‐economic approach. Allergy. 2009;64(1):85-95.

9. 9. Heinzerling L, Mari A, Bergmann KC, Bresciani M, Burbach G, Darsow U, et al. The skin prick test - European standards. Clin Transl Allergy. 2013;3(1):3.
10. 10. Siles RI, Hsieh FH. Allergy blood testing: A practical guide for clinicians. Cleve Clin J Med. 2011;78(9):585-92.
11. 11. Bousquet P, Combescure C, Neukirch F, Klossek J, Mechin H, Daures JP, et al. Visual analog scales can assess the severity of rhinitis graded according to ARIA guidelines. Allergy. 2007;62(4):367-72.
12. 12. Nathan RA, Sorkness CA, Kosinski M, Schatz M, Li JT, Marcus P, et al. Development of the asthma control test: a survey for assessing asthma control. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2004;113(1):59-65.
13. 13. Shaaban R, Zureik M, Soussan D, Neukirch C, Heinrich J, Sunyer J, et al. Rhinitis and onset of asthma: a longitudinal population-based study. The Lancet. 2008;372(9643):1049-57.
14. 14. Sunyer J, Jarvis D, Pekkanen J, Chinn S, Janson C, Leynaert B, et al. Geographic variations in the effect of atopy on asthma in the European Community Respiratory Health Study. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2004;114(5):1033-9.
15. 15. Ciprandi G, Puccinelli P, Incorvaia C, Masieri S. Parietaria allergy: An intriguing challenge for the allergist. Medicina. 2018;54(6):106.
16. 16. Sala-Cunill A, Bartra J, Dalmau G, Tella R, Botey E, Raga E, et al. Prevalence of asthma and severity of allergic rhinitis comparing 2 perennial allergens: house dust mites and Parietaria judaica pollen. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2013;23(3):145-51.
17. 17. Ariano R, Canonica GW, Passalacqua G. Possible role of climate changes in variations in pollen seasons and allergic sensitizations during 27 years. Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. 2010;104(3):215-22.
18. 18. Alessandria A, Gabriella MM, Oliviero Q, Emiliani F, Mario O, Niccolis M, et al. Parietaria pollination duration: myth or fact? Eur Ann Allergy Clin Immunol. 2017;49(1):6-10.
19. 19. Yüksel Aslıer NG, Saatçi Ö, Aslier M. Disease and Quality of Life Aspects of Cat Allergy in Non-Pet Owners with Allergic Rhinitis. International Archives of Allergy and Immunology. 2023;184(7):625-33.
20. 20. Dávila I, Domínguez‐Ortega J, Navarro‐Pulido A, Alonso A, Antolin‐Amerigo D, González‐Mancebo E, et al. Consensus document on dog and cat allergy. Allergy. 2018;73(6):1206-22.
21. 21. Dramburg S, Hilger C, Santos AF, de Las Vecillas L, Aalberse RC, Acevedo N, et al. EAACI Molecular Allergology User's Guide 2.0. Pediatric Allergy and Immunology. 2023;34:e13854.