A Case of Primary Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome Presenting with Cognitive Dysfunction

Öz

Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome is a systemic autoimmune disorder characterized by recurrent arterial, venous, and microvascular thromboses, recurrent early pregnancy loss, fetal loss, and pregnancy complications associated with antiphospholipid antibodies. Additionally, it is often accompanied by clinical manifestations such as skin ulcerations, cognitive decline, thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia, heart valve disease, and nephropathy. In the absence of an underlying disease or medication use, it is considered primary antiphospholipid syndrome. If there is an associated autoimmune disease, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, medication use or another underlying condition, it is considered secondary antiphospholipid syndrome. A patient presenting to the clinic with complaints of leg swelling and pain, as well as cognitive dysfunction, was found to have bilateral lower extremity venous thromboses, pulmonary embolism and chronic cerebrovascular ischemic events. Advanced investigations to determine the etiology revealed a diagnosis of primary antiphospholipid syndrome. Various clinical manifestations of primary antiphospholipid antibody syndrome are discussed in this case report.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Antiphospholipid syndrome
• Thromboembolism
• Cognitive dysfunction

Bilişsel Fonksiyon Bozukluğuyla Başvuran Primer Antifosfolipid Antikor Sendromu Olgusu

Öz

Antifosfolipid antikor sendromu antifosfolipid antikorları ile ilişkili tekrarlayan arteryel, venöz ve mikrovasküler trombozlar, tekrarlayan erken gebelik kaybı, fetal kayıp ve gebelik komplikasyonlarıyla karakterize sistemik bir otoimmün bozukluktur. Ayrıca deri ülserasyonları, bilişsel fonksiyonlarda kötüleşme, trombositopeni, hemolitik anemi, kalp kapağı hastalığı ve nefropati sık eşlik edebilen klinik bulgulardır. Altta yatan bir hastalık ve ilaç kullanımı yoksa primer antifosfolipid sendromu olarak kabul edilir. Sistemik lupus eritematozus başta olmak üzere eşlik eden otoimmün bir hastalık, ilaç kullanımı ya da başka bir hastalık varsa sekonder antifosfolipid sendromu olarak kabul edilir. Polikliniğe bilişsel fonksiyonlarda bozulma, bacaklarda şişlik ve ağrı yakınmalarıyla başvuran hastada bilateral alt extremitelerde venöz trombozlar, pulmoner emboli ve kronik serebrovasküler iskemik olaylar tespit edildi. Etyolojiye yönelik yapılan ileri tetkiklerde hastada primer antifosfolipid sendromu saptandı. Bu olgu sunumuyla farklı klinik durumlarla karşımıza çıkabilen primer antifosfolipid antikor sendromu tartışıldı.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Antifosfolipid sendromu
• Tromboemboli
• Bilişsel fonksiyon bozukluğu

Kaynakça

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