Down Sendromlu Çocuk ve Ergenlerde Eşlik Eden Psikiyatrik Bozukluklar; Retrospektif Bir Çalışma

Öz

Down Sendromu zihinsel yetersizliğin eşlik ettiği en yaygın kromozomal anormalliklerden biridir. Ancak Down Sendromlu çocukların zihinsel yetersizlik dışında psikiyatrik tanı ve takipleri hakkında bilinenler kısıtlıdır. Bu çalışmada Down sendromlu çocukların zihinsel yetersizlik düzeyleri, komorbid psikiyatrik tanıları, tedavi ve klinik izlemlerine dair verilerin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu çalışma Ocak 2016 ve Aralık 2023 tarihleri arasında hastanemize başvurusu olan, Down Sendromu tanısı almış 18 yaş altı olgularla yapılmıştır. Toplam 181 olgunun sosyodemografik verileri, komorbid psikiyatrik ve tıbbi tanı ve tedavi verileri geriye dönük olarak incelenmiştir. Çalışmaya toplam 102’si erkek (%56,4) olmak üzere 181 Down Sendromlu birey dahil edilmiştir. Olgularda zihinsel yetersizlik düzeylerine göre sınıflandırıldığında en sık hafif düzeyde zihinsel yetersizliğin görüldüğü bulunmuştur. Olguların %58 ‘ine en az bir tıbbi komorbidite, %22, 4’ünde ise psikiyatrik komorbidite bulunmuştur. En sık eşlik eden psikiyatrik tanının Dikkat Eksikliği Hiperaktivite Bozukluğu tanısı olduğu ve eşlik eden psikiyatrik bozukluk tanısının cinsiyet, zihinsel yetersizlik düzeyleri ile ilişkili olmadığı bulunmuştur. Down Sendromu tanılı bireylerin hastane başvurularının sağlık kurulu raporları üzerinden olduğu görülmüştür. Zihinsel yetersizlik dışındaki komorbid psikiyatrik bozukluklar ve tedaviler için poliklinik başvurularının az olduğu saptanmıştır. Sonuç olarak; Down sendromlu bireylerin ileri yaşlardaki olumlu kazanımlarını sağlamak amacıyla psikiyatrik takiplerini sağlayan sağlık politikaları geliştirilmesi önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Çocuk
• Down Sendromu
• Ergen
• Zihinsel yetersizlik

Comorbid Psychiatric Disorders in Children and Adolescents with Down Syndrome: A Retrospective Study

Öz

Down syndrome is one of the most common chromosomal abnormalities accompanied by intellectual disability. However, limited information is available regarding the psychiatric diagnoses and follow-ups of children with Down syndrome, except for intellectual disability. This study aimed to investigate the data on degrees intellectual disability, comorbid psychiatric diagnoses, treatment, and clinical follow-ups of children with Down syndrome. This study was conducted with cases who applied to our hospital between January 2016 and December 2023, were under the age of 18 and diagnosed with Down syndrome. Sociodemographic, comorbid psychiatric and medical diagnosis, and treatment data of a total of 181 cases were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 181 individuals (102 males and 79 females) with Down syndrome were included in the study. When the cases were classified based on their intellectual disability levels, it was found that mild intellectual disability was the most common. 58% of the cases had at least one medical comorbidity, and 22.4% had a psychiatric comorbidity. It was found that the most frequently diagnosed comorbid psychiatric disorder was Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, and comorbid psychiatric disorders were not associated with gender or degrees intellectual disability.It was observed that hospital applications of individuals diagnosed with Down syndrome were through health board reports. It was determined that outpatient clinic applications for comorbid psychiatric disorders and treatments, other than intellectual disability, were low. As a result, it is recommended to develop health policies that ensure psychiatric follow-ups of individuals with Down syndrome to ensure their positive gains in later life.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Adolescent
• Child
• Down syndrome
• Intellectual disability

Kaynakça

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