Çocukluk Çağı Vitiligosunun Demografik, Klinik ve Laboratuvar Özellikleri: 179 Hastanın Retrospektif Kesitsel Analizi

Öz

Vitiligo edinsel bir pigmentasyon bozukluğudur. Çocukluk çağı vitiligosu, erişkin başlangıçlı vitiligodan çeşitli açılardan farklılıklar gösterebilir. Bu çalışmada, çocuklardaki vitiligonun demografik ve klinik özellikleri ile laboratuvar sonuçlarının değerlendirilmesi amaçlandı. Vitiligo tanısı konmuş 18 yaş altı pediatrik hastalarda retrospektif, kesitsel bir çalışma yürütüldü. Demografik veriler, klinik özellikler ve tanı anındaki laboratuvar test sonuçları tıbbi kayıtlardan elde edildi. Vitiligo; non-segmental (NSV), segmental (SV) ve sınıflandırılamayan vitiligo olarak sınıflandırıldı. Toplam 179 hasta çalışmaya dahil edildi. Kadın/erkek oranı 1,2/1 idi. En yaygın form NSV (%87,7) olup, bunu SV (%7,3) izledi. NSV grubunda en yaygın alt tip, %42,5 ile jeneralize vitiligo olurken, bunu lokalize (%32,4) ve akrofasyal (%8,9) vitiligo izledi. Vitiligo, 156 (%88,6) hastada 12 yaş ve altında başlamıştı. NSV ve SV; cinsiyet, hastalığın başlangıç yaşı, hastalık süresi, halo nevüs ve Köbner fenomeni açısından anlamlı bir farklılık göstermedi (P > 0,05). Lökotrişi, SV grubunda (%84,6), NSV grubuna (%7,6) göre anlamlı derecede daha yaygındı (P < 0,001). En sık etkilenen vücut bölgesi yüzdü (%67,6). Nötrofil yüzdesi, ortalama trombosit hacmi (MPV), MPV/trombosit oranı, MPV/lenfosit oranı, nötrofil/lenfosit oranı (NLR), türetilmiş NLR ve sistemik inflamatuar yanıt indeksi, erken başlangıçlı (≤ 12 yaş) vitiligo hastalarında anlamlı olarak daha düşüktü; bu durum, küçük çocuklar ile ergenler arasındaki inflamatuar yanıt farklılığını gösterebilir. Dikkat çekici olarak, eozinofil sayısı, eozinofil/monosit oranı ve eozinofil/nötrofil oranı, kadın hastalarda anlamlı şekilde daha düşüktü. Bu durum, cinsiyet hormonlarının eozinofiller üzerindeki etkisini yansıtabilir. Bulgularımızı genişletmek için daha fazla çalışmaya ihtiyaç vardır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• vitiligo
• çocukluk çağı
• pigmentasyon
• inflamasyon
• belirteç

Demographics, Clinical and Laboratory Features of Childhood Vitiligo: A Retrospective Cross-sectional Analysis of 179 Patients

Öz

Vitiligo is an acquired pigmentation disorder. Childhood vitiligo can differ from adult-onset vitiligo in several aspects. We aimed to evaluate demographics, clinical features of vitiligo in children, and laboratory results. A retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted on < 18-year-old pediatric patients with vitiligo. Demographics, clinical features, and laboratory test results performed at the time of diagnosis were retrieved from medical records. Vitiligo was classified as non-segmental (NSV), segmental (SV), and unclassified vitiligo. A total of 179 patients were included. The female/male ratio was 1.2/1. The most common form was NSV (87.7%), followed by SV (7.3%). Among NSV, generalized vitiligo was the most common subtype (42.5%), followed by localized (32.4%) and acrofacial (8.9%) vitiligo. Vitiligo began ≤ 12 years of age in 156 (88.6%) patients. NSV and SV were not significantly different in sex, age of disease onset, disease duration, halo nevi, or Koebner phenomenon. Leukotrichia was more common in SV (84.6%) than NSV (7.6%) (P < 0.001). Face (67.6%) was the most frequently involved body site. Neutrophil percentage, mean platelet volume (MPV), MPV/platelet ratio, MPV/lymphocyte ratio, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), derived NLR, and systemic inflammatory response index were significantly lower in patients with early-onset (≤ 12 years) vitiligo (P < 0.05), possibly indicating the differences in inflammatory response between young children and adolescents. It was noteworthy that eosinophil counts, eosinophil/monocyte ratio, and eosinophil/neutrophil ratio were significantly lower in female patients (P < 0.05), which might reflect the effect of sex hormones on eosinophils. Further studies are warranted to extend our results.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• vitiligo
• childhood
• pigmentation
• inflammation
• markers

Kaynakça

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