Structural Equation Modelling Analysis of the Relationship between COVID-19 Knowledge, Attitudes, Behaviours, and Health Literacy among Industrial Workers

Öz

This study aimed to examine the relationship between sociodemographic characteristics and COVID-19 knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours among industrial workers, and to evaluate the effect of health literacy on this construct using structural equation modelling. This cross-sectional study was conducted through face-to-face interviews with 543 workers employed in two industrial establishments in Manisa and Eskişehir, Türkiye. Data were collected using a “Personal Information Form”, the “Turkey Health Literacy Scale (TSOY-32)”, and the “COVID-19 Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviours Scale (CBTDS)”. Mann–Whitney U test, Kruskal–Wallis test, Spearman correlation analysis, ordinal logistic regression, and structural equation modelling were used for data analysis. According to the structural equation modelling results, health literacy had a significant and positive effect on COVID-19 knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours (β = 0.26, p <0.01). Correlation analyses indicated weak but significant associations between health literacy and the knowledge and behaviour dimensions of COVID-19. Additionally, individuals who perceived their health status as good and those who had children had significantly higher health literacy levels. These findings suggest that health literacy is an important determinant shaping individuals’ COVID-19-related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours. However, the relatively small effect sizes indicate that health behaviours are influenced not only by cognitive factors but also by social and environmental determinants. In conclusion, it is recommended to develop continuous health literacy training programs for industrial workers, to use simple and visually supported health communication materials, and to integrate health literacy into occupational health policies

Anahtar Kelimeler

• COVID-19
• Health literacy
• Industrial workers
• Structural equality modelling

Sanayi Çalışanlarında COVID-19 Bilgi-Tutum-Davranış ve Sağlık Okuryazarlığı İlişkisinin Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesi ile İncelenmesi

Öz

Bu araştırma, sanayi sektöründe çalışan bireylerin sosyodemografik özellikleri ile COVID-19 bilgi, tutum ve davranışları arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemek ve sağlık okuryazarlığının bu yapı üzerindeki etkisini yapısal eşitlik modellemesi ile değerlendirmek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Kesitsel tipteki çalışma Manisa ve Eskişehir’deki iki sanayi kuruluşunda çalışan 543 kişi ile yüz yüze görüşülerek yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak “Kişisel Bilgi Formu”, “Türkiye Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Ölçeği (TSOY-32)” ve “COVID-19 Bilgi, Tutum ve Davranış Ölçeği (CBTDÖ)” kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde Mann-Whitney U testi, Kruskal-Wallis testi, Spearman korelasyon analizi, ordinal lojistik regresyon ve yapısal eşitlik modellemesi kullanılmıştır. Yapısal eşitlik modellemesi sonuçlarına göre sağlık okuryazarlığının COVID-19 bilgi, tutum ve davranışları üzerinde anlamlı ve pozitif bir etkisi olduğu belirlenmiştir (β = 0.26, p < 0.01). Korelasyon analizlerinde sağlık okuryazarlığı ile COVID-19’a ilişkin bilgi ve davranış boyutları arasında zayıf ancak anlamlı ilişkiler saptanmıştır. Ayrıca sağlık durumunu iyi olarak algılayan ve çocuk sahibi bireylerin sağlık okuryazarlığı düzeylerinin daha yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur. Bu bulgular, sağlık okuryazarlığının bireylerin COVID-19’a ilişkin bilgi, tutum ve davranışlarını şekillendiren önemli bir belirleyici olduğunu göstermektedir. Bununla birlikte, etki büyüklüklerinin sınırlı olması sağlık davranışlarının yalnızca bilişsel faktörlerle değil, aynı zamanda sosyal ve çevresel etmenlerle de ilişkili olduğunu düşündürmektedir. Sonuç olarak, sanayi çalışanlarına yönelik sağlık okuryazarlığını geliştirmeye yönelik eğitim programlarının planlanması, sade ve görsel temelli sağlık iletişimi materyallerinin kullanılması ve sağlık okuryazarlığının iş sağlığı politikalarına entegre edilmesi önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• COVID-19
• Sağlık okuryazarlığı
• Sanayi çalışanları
• Yapısal eşitlik modellemesi

Kaynakça

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