Hepatitis B Immunity and Vaccine Refusal in Pediatric Rheumatology Patients: Serological Evaluation Before Biologic Therapy
Öz
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a major global public health concern, particularly for children with chronic inflammatory diseases who require immunosuppressive or biologic therapy. Despite high childhood vaccination coverage in Türkiye, declining antibody levels over time may lead to insufficient protective immunity against HBV in some patients. This study aimed to evaluate hepatitis B immune status, vaccination history, and vaccine refusal among pediatric rheumatology patients scheduled to initiate biologic therapy, using real-world clinical data. This single-center, retrospective observational study included pediatric patients aged 2–18 years who were evaluated prior to biologic therapy initiation between August 2023 and December 2025. Demographic and clinical data, hepatitis B serological markers, vaccination history, and family-reported vaccine refusal were extracted from medical records. Protective immunity was defined as anti-HBs ≥10 mIU/mL. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 25.0. A total of 58 patients were included, the majority diagnosed with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (94.8%). None of the patients were positive for HBsAg, HCV, or HIV. Protective anti-HBs levels were observed in 37 patients (63.8%), while 21 patients (36.2%) had non-protective anti-HBs levels (<10 mIU/mL) and were recommended for booster vaccination prior to biologic therapy. Only one patient (1.7%) had a documented history of vaccine refusal. Among the planned biologic therapies, adalimumab was the most commonly selected agent (65.5%). Exploratory analyses suggested potential associations between insufficient immunity and clinical variables, supporting the value of risk-based screening. A substantial proportion of pediatric rheumatology patients scheduled to receive biologic therapy were found to have insufficient hepatitis B immunity, even in a region where childhood vaccination coverage is relatively high. Routine HBV serological screening and timely booster vaccination should be integral components of pre-biologic assessment. Although vaccine refusal was infrequent, its presence highlights an additional preventable risk in this vulnerable population. Prospective studies evaluating immunity across different vaccination eras and strategies to address vaccine hesitancy are warranted.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Destekleyen Kurum
Proje Numarası
Etik Beyan
Teşekkür
Kaynakça
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Ayrıntılar
Birincil Dil
İngilizce
Konular
Çocuk Romatolojisi
Bölüm
Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar
Sema Nur Taşkın
*
0000-0003-3400-1514
Türkiye
Tuğçe Arman Mut
0000-0002-5896-6719
Türkiye
Eda Boz Öncel
0000-0003-1042-0079
Türkiye
Yalçın Kara
0000-0003-0569-1106
Türkiye
Gülçin Otar Yener
0000-0003-2575-6309
Türkiye
Yayımlanma Tarihi
9 Haziran 2026
Gönderilme Tarihi
20 Aralık 2025
Kabul Tarihi
8 Nisan 2026
Yayımlandığı Sayı
Yıl 2026 Cilt: 48 Sayı: 4