Effect of Total Water Percentage on Circadian Blood Pressure Variation in Prehypertensive Patients

Öz

Circadian changes in blood pressure are a key factor in determining cardiovascular risk. A normal dipper pattern shows a decrease in blood pressure at night, whereas a non-dipper pattern shows a smaller decrease at night. Changes in the distribution of bodily fluids may affect how blood vessels work and how blood pressure changes over the course of a day. This study aimed to examine the correlation between total body water percentage and circadian blood pressure patterns in individuals classified as prehypertensive. This retrospective cross-sectional study comprised 300 prehypertensive individuals who underwent 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and body composition measurement via bioelectrical impedance. Patients were classified into two groups according to the magnitude of nocturnal blood pressure decline: dipper and non-dipper. Clinical, echocardiographic, and hydration characteristics were compared between the dipper and non-dipper groups. In the study population, 124 patients exhibited a dipper pattern, while 176 displayed a non-dipper pattern. Non-dipper patients exhibited a markedly reduced total body water percentage in comparison to dipper persons. Echocardiographic measures, such as interventricular septal thickness and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, were markedly elevated in the non-dipper cohort. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, total body water percentage persisted as an independent predictor of non-dipper blood pressure pattern. A lower percentage of total body water is linked to a non-dipper blood pressure pattern in individuals who are prehypertensive. These findings indicate that modifications in body fluid content may play a role in circadian blood pressure dysregulation and heightened cardiovascular risk.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Prehypertension
• Circadian blood pressure
• Non-dipper hypertension
• Total body water
• Bioelectrical impedance

Prehipertansif Hastalarda Toplam Vücut Suyu Yüzdesinin Sirkadiyen Kan Basıncı Değişimine Etkisi

Öz

Kan basıncındaki sirkadiyen değişiklikler, kardiyovasküler riski belirlemede önemli bir faktördür. Normal bir "dipper" paterni, gece kan basıncında bir düşüş gösterirken, "non-dipper" paterni gece daha az bir düşüş gösterir. Vücut sıvılarının dağılımındaki değişiklikler, kan damarlarının nasıl çalıştığını ve kan basıncının gün boyunca nasıl değiştiğini etkileyebilir. Bu çalışma, prehipertansif olarak sınıflandırılan bireylerde toplam vücut suyu yüzdesi ile sirkadiyen kan basıncı paternleri arasındaki korelasyonu incelemeyi amaçlamıştır. Bu retrospektif kesitsel çalışma, 24 saatlik ambulatuvar kan basıncı izlemesi ve biyoelektrik empedans yoluyla vücut kompozisyonu ölçümü yapılan 300 prehipertansif bireyi içermiştir. Hastaları, gece kan basınçlarının ne kadar düştüğüne göre iki gruba ayırdık: dipper ve non-dipper. Gruplar arasındaki klinik, ekokardiyografik ve hidrasyon özelliklerindeki farklılıkları inceledik. Çalışma popülasyonunda 124 hasta dipper paterni gösterirken, 176 hasta non-dipper paterni göstermiştir. Kan basıncında gece düşüşü göstermeyen hastalarda, gece düşüşü gösteren kişilere kıyasla toplam vücut suyu yüzdesi belirgin şekilde azalmıştır. İnterventriküler septal kalınlık ve sol ventrikül diyastol sonu çapı gibi ekokardiyografik ölçümler, gece düşüşü göstermeyen grupta belirgin şekilde yüksek bulunmuştur. Çok değişkenli lojistik regresyon analizinde, toplam vücut suyu yüzdesi, gece düşüşü göstermeyen kan basıncı paterninin bağımsız bir belirleyicisi olarak kalmıştır. Daha düşük toplam vücut suyu yüzdesi, prehipertansif kişilerde gece düşüşü göstermeyen kan basıncı paterniyle ilişkilidir. Bu bulgular, vücut sıvı içeriğindeki değişikliklerin sirkadiyen kan basıncı düzensizliğinde ve artmış kardiyovasküler riskte rol oynayabileceğini göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Prehipertansiyon
• Non-dipper hipertansiyon
• Toplam vücut suyu
• Sirkadiyen kan basıncı
• Biyoelektrik empedans

Kaynakça

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