Relationship Between Attachment Styles, Childhood Trauma, and Psychotic Symptoms in Patients with Schizophrenia: Attachment Styles as a Mediating Role

Öz

This study was aimed at investigating the mediating role of attachment styles in the relationship between childhood trauma and positive and negative psychotic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia and determining the relationships between the variables. This descriptive, cross-sectional, and correlational study was conducted with 99 patients with schizophrenia who presented to the psychiatric outpatient clinic of a tertiary hospital between January 2025 and July 2025. Data were collected via face-to-face interviews using the Demographic and Clinical Characteristics Questionnaire, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Relationship Scales Questionnaire (RSQ), and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). There was a significant positive correlation between the scores obtained from the overall PANSS and CTQ by the patients with schizophrenia included in the study (r=0.260; p<0.01). There was a significant positive correlation between the PANSS and the Preoccupied Attachment subscale of the RSQ (r=0.309; p<0.01), and between the CTQ and the Avoidant Attachment Subscale of the RSQ (r=0.255; p=0.011). Attachment styles did not demonstrate a significant mediating effect in the relationship between childhood trauma scores and positive and negative symptoms. However, both the total effect and the direct effect were found to be statistically significant (B = 0.213, 95% CI [-0.009, 0.540], β = 0.048). A positive relationship was found between childhood trauma and positive and negative symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. It was also determined that there was a positive relationship between obsessive attachment and both positive and negative symptoms, and a positive relationship between dismissive attachment and childhood trauma.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Schizophrenia
• childhood trauma
• positive and negative symptoms

Destekleyen Kurum

Fundıng Informatıon: None.

Etik Beyan

Ethical Issues: Before the study was conducted, ethical approval was obtained from the Adıyaman University Non-Interventional Clinical Research Ethics Committee (decision date: November 19, 2024, decision number: 2024/9-17), and permission was obtained from the administration of the institution where the study was to be conducted. All the participants were informed about the purpose of the study both verbally and in writing, and their informed consent was obtained in accordance with the ethical standards established in the Declaration of Helsinki.

Teşekkür

Acknowledge: We would like to thank the patients who participated in our study.

Şizofreni Hastalarında Bağlanma Stilleri, Çocukluk Çağı Travmaları ve Psikotik Belirtiler Arasındaki İlişki: Aracı Rol Olarak Bağlanma Stilleri

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı şizofreni hastalarında çocukluk çağı travmaları ile pozitif ve negatif belirtiler arasındaki ilişkide bağlanma stillerinin aracı rolünü incelemek ve değişkenler arasındaki ilişkileri belirlemektir. Bu çalışma tanımlayıcı, kesitsel ve ilişkisel tiptedir. Araştırma Ocak-Temmuz 2025 tarihleri arasında üçüncü basamak bir hastanenin psikiyatri polikliniğine başvuran 99 şizofreni hastası ile yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın verileri “Demografik ve Klinik Özellikler Soru Formu”, “Çocukluk Çağı Travmatik Yaşantılar Ölçeği”, “İlişki Ölçekleri Anketi” ve “Pozitif ve Negatif Sendrom Ölçeği” (PANSS) kullanılarak yüz yüze görüşme yolu ile toplanmıştır. Çalışmada yer alan şizofreni hastalarının PANSS toplam puanı ile Çocukluk Çağı Travmatik Yaşantılar Ölçeği puanı arasında da pozitif yönde anlamlı bir ilişki vardır (r=0,260; p<0,01). PANSS toplam puanı saplantılı bağlanma ile pozitif yönde anlamlı ilişkilidir (r=0,309; p<0,01). Çocukluk çağı travmaları ile kayıtsız bağlanma arasında pozitif yönde anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmuştur (r = 0.255; p = 0.011). Bağlanma stillerinin, çocukluk çağı travma puanı ile pozitif ve negatif semptomlar arasındaki ilişkide anlamlı bir aracılık etkisi göstermediği ancak hem toplam hem de doğrudan etkinin istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olduğu belirlenmiştir (B = 0,213, [CI: -0,009; 0,540], β = 0,048). Şizofreni hastalarında çocukluk çağı travmaları ile pozitif ve negatif belirtiler arasında pozitif bir ilişki olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Pozitif ve negatif belirtiler ile saplantılı bağlanma arasında pozitif yönde bir ilişki olduğu, kayıtsız bağlanma ile çocukluk çağı travmaları arasında da pozitif yönde bir ilişki olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Şizofreni
• çocukluk travması
• pozitif ve negatif belirtiler

Destekleyen Kurum

Destekleyen kurum bulunmamaktadır.

Etik Beyan

Araştırmanın Etik Yönü: Adıyaman Üniversitesi Girişimsel Olmayan Klinik Araştırmalar Etik Kurulu'ndan 19.11.2024 tarihinde 2024/9-17 sayılı etik kurul onayı alınmıştır. Araştırmanın yapılacağı kurumun yönetiminden izin alındı. Tüm katılımcılar çalışmanın amacı hakkında sözlü ve yazılı olarak bilgilendirilmiş ve Helsinki Bildirgesi'ne uygun olarak aydınlatılmış onamları alındı.

Teşekkür

çalışmaya katılan hastalara teşekkür ederiz.

Kaynakça

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