Araştırma Makalesi

Bacterial Profile and In Vitro Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns in Adult Ear Discharge Cultures: A Retrospective ENT-Based Study

Cilt: 48 Sayı: 6 22 Eylül 2026
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Bacterial Profile and In Vitro Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns in Adult Ear Discharge Cultures: A Retrospective ENT-Based Study

Öz

Ear discharge cultures are frequently obtained in routine ENT practice, particularly for suspected external ear canal infection or treatment-refractory otorrhea. This retrospective descriptive study aimed to describe bacterial isolate distribution and in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in adult ear discharge cultures, with particular attention to fluoroquinolone susceptibility. Adults aged ≥18 years who underwent ear swab culture sampling for ear discharge, suspected external ear canal infection, or suspected otorrhea between January 2020 and December 2025 were included. Because detailed otoscopic findings, tympanic membrane status, and final clinical diagnoses were not uniformly available, the cohort was not restricted to strictly confirmed otitis externa. Repeated cultures and records with incomplete microbiological data were excluded. Bacterial identification and disk diffusion susceptibility testing were performed according to European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) criteria. A total of 313 adults yielded 354 bacterial isolates. The most frequent isolates were Staphylococcus aureus (31.6%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (24.6%), followed by coagulase-negative staphylococci and other Gram-negative bacteria (each 13.0%). Among tested S. aureus isolates, oxacillin resistance indicating a methicillin-resistant S. aureus phenotype was detected in 43.2% (35/81), while all tested isolates were susceptible to gentamicin, vancomycin, teicoplanin, and linezolid. Among P. aeruginosa isolates, ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin resistance were 21.8% and 28.1%, respectively. These findings support culture-guided management in recurrent, refractory, or complicated cases, while ciprofloxacin resistance should be interpreted cautiously because systemic breakpoints may not directly predict topical treatment response..

Anahtar Kelimeler

Destekleyen Kurum

The authors declare that this study received no financial support.

Proje Numarası

2025/052

Etik Beyan

This study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The study protocol was approved by the KTO Karatay University Clinical Research Ethics Committee (Date: 27.11.2025, Decision No: 2025/052). Due to the retrospective design of the study and the use of anonymized data, written informed consent was not obtained.

Teşekkür

None.

Kaynakça

  1. 1. Beers SL, Abramo TJ. Otitis externa review. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2004;20(4):250-6.
  2. 2. Roland PS, Belcher BP, Bettis R, Makabale RL, Conroy PJ, Wall GM, et al. A single topical agent is clinically equivalent to the combination of topical and oral antibiotic treatment for otitis externa. Am J Otolaryngol. 2008;29(4):255-61.
  3. 3. Roland PS, Stroman DW. Microbiology of acute otitis externa. Laryngoscope. 2002;112(7):1166-77.
  4. 4. Luthra H, Sharma V, Jindal N. Microbiological profile and antibiotic sensitivity of 100 cases of otitis externa. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2022;74(Suppl 3):S3616-19.
  5. 5. Heward E, Cullen M, Hobson J. Microbiology and antimicrobial susceptibility of otitis externa: a changing pattern of antimicrobial resistance. J Laryngol Otol. 2018;132(1):13-8.
  6. 6. Saunders JE, Raju RP, Boone JL, Hales NW, Berryhill WE. Antibiotic resistance and otomycosis in the draining ear: culture results by diagnosis. Am J Otolaryngol. 2011;32(5):470-6.
  7. 7. Nogueira JCR, Diniz MFFM, Lima EO, Lima ZN. Identification and antimicrobial susceptibility of acute external otitis microorganisms. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2008;74(4):526-30.
  8. 8. Günbey F, Alıcı A, Öztürk-Yılmaz G. [Evaluation of ear swab culture and antibacterial susceptibility results of patients presenting with probable ear infection]. Klimik Derg. 2023;36(4):256-61.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Kulak Burun Boğaz

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yayımlanma Tarihi

22 Eylül 2026

Gönderilme Tarihi

13 Mayıs 2026

Kabul Tarihi

10 Ağustos 2026

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2026 Cilt: 48 Sayı: 6

Kaynak Göster

APA
Karataş, H. A., & Tokak, S. (2026). Bacterial Profile and In Vitro Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns in Adult Ear Discharge Cultures: A Retrospective ENT-Based Study. Osmangazi Tıp Dergisi, 48(6), 1063-1071. https://doi.org/10.20515/otd.1950742
AMA
1.Karataş HA, Tokak S. Bacterial Profile and In Vitro Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns in Adult Ear Discharge Cultures: A Retrospective ENT-Based Study. Osmangazi Tıp Dergisi. 2026;48(6):1063-1071. doi:10.20515/otd.1950742
Chicago
Karataş, Halil Altın, ve Semih Tokak. 2026. “Bacterial Profile and In Vitro Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns in Adult Ear Discharge Cultures: A Retrospective ENT-Based Study”. Osmangazi Tıp Dergisi 48 (6): 1063-71. https://doi.org/10.20515/otd.1950742.
EndNote
Karataş HA, Tokak S (01 Eylül 2026) Bacterial Profile and In Vitro Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns in Adult Ear Discharge Cultures: A Retrospective ENT-Based Study. Osmangazi Tıp Dergisi 48 6 1063–1071.
IEEE
[1]H. A. Karataş ve S. Tokak, “Bacterial Profile and In Vitro Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns in Adult Ear Discharge Cultures: A Retrospective ENT-Based Study”, Osmangazi Tıp Dergisi, c. 48, sy 6, ss. 1063–1071, Eyl. 2026, doi: 10.20515/otd.1950742.
ISNAD
Karataş, Halil Altın - Tokak, Semih. “Bacterial Profile and In Vitro Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns in Adult Ear Discharge Cultures: A Retrospective ENT-Based Study”. Osmangazi Tıp Dergisi 48/6 (01 Eylül 2026): 1063-1071. https://doi.org/10.20515/otd.1950742.
JAMA
1.Karataş HA, Tokak S. Bacterial Profile and In Vitro Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns in Adult Ear Discharge Cultures: A Retrospective ENT-Based Study. Osmangazi Tıp Dergisi. 2026;48:1063–1071.
MLA
Karataş, Halil Altın, ve Semih Tokak. “Bacterial Profile and In Vitro Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns in Adult Ear Discharge Cultures: A Retrospective ENT-Based Study”. Osmangazi Tıp Dergisi, c. 48, sy 6, Eylül 2026, ss. 1063-71, doi:10.20515/otd.1950742.
Vancouver
1.Halil Altın Karataş, Semih Tokak. Bacterial Profile and In Vitro Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns in Adult Ear Discharge Cultures: A Retrospective ENT-Based Study. Osmangazi Tıp Dergisi. 01 Eylül 2026;48(6):1063-71. doi:10.20515/otd.1950742


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