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In this review, it was aimed to present the importance of dentists in the diagnosis of Kostmann Syndrome.
Neutrophils are cells that play a critical role in the acute inflammatory response and host defense against bacterial infections and cause phagocytosis. Neutropenia is the term used when the absolute neutrophil count falls below 1500 / mm3. It is defined as Kostmann's syndrome when the absolute neutrophil count is < 200 / mm3. In peripheral smear, monocytosis and eosinophilia are observed. In bone marrow aspiration, 'maturation arrest' is diagnostic at promyelocyte or myelocyte stage. The prevalence is 12 / 1000000 and the female / male incidence is equal. Although it generally shows autosomal recessive heredity, it can also be heredity autosomal dominant or as a result of spontaneous mutations. In the presence of cytogenetic changes, there is a risk of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in these patients.
Serious congenital neutropenia is a risk factor for periodontal diseases, as the severity of the disease increases, the severity of destruction in the periodontium increases. In Kostmann syndrome, oral symptoms such as severe and widespread gingivitis, gingival recession, apical abscess, dental mobility, alveolar bone loss and early tooth loss are common in both dentitions. Recurrent, painful oral ulcerations with a white or grayish surface can be observed without any signs of inflammation, and may even be the only major symptom of the disease. In addition, generalized enamel hypoplasia caused by serious infections in these patients can be seen.
Pathological conditions in the mouth-teeth and surrounding tissues that the cause of which cannot be explained may be frequently observed in patients with severe congenital neutropenia, and may be the first symptoms that occur, so much care should be taken. It is clear that dentists have an important role in the diagnosis of neutrophil related diseases.