Analysis of Serum Nickel, Silicium, Arsenic and Boron in Smoking Individuals

Öz

Smoking induces inflammation and oxidative stress via radical production from chemicals resulting in cardiocerebrovascular and respiratory diseases, cancers, stroke and sudden death. Elements found in tobacco plant and tobacco smoke are absorbed into blood circulation and transferred into blood and peripheral tissues. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the alterations of serum nickel (Ni), silicium (Si), arsenic (As) and boron (B) levels in smokers. The study groups were categorized as individuals who quitted smoking (Group 1; n: 35; 15 female/20 male), who were smoking (Group 2; n:35; 13 female, 22 male) and who never-smoked (Group 3; n; 40; 20 female/20 male). Biochemical parameters were analyzed in Biochemistry Laboratory of Haseki Traning and Research Hospital. Serum element levels were measured using Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy in Trace Element Laboratory of Biophysics Department of Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty at Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa. ANOVA test and Pearson’s correlation tests were used for statistical analysis and p < 0.05 was evaluated as statistically significant. Serum Ni levels of Group 2 were higher than the other study groups with no significance. Group 2 had statistically higher serum Si and As levels than Group 1 and Group 3 (p < 0.01, p < 0.05, respectively). There was no statistical significance by means of serum B levels among study groups. Increased serum levels of Si and As in smokers might induce atherosclerosis via inflammation, dyslipidemia and burden oxidative stress. Besides, higher serum Ni levels of smokers might reflect its toxic effects. However, serum B was lower in smokers probably related with its consumption in biological defence mechanisms. Monitorization of serum nickel, silicium, arsenic and boron levels should be considered as biomarkers for smokers.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Nickel
• Silicicium
• Arsenic
• Boron
• Smocking

Sigara İçenlerde Serum Nikel, Silisyum, Arsenik ve Bor Analizi

Öz

Sigara içimiyle oluşan radikaller, inflamasyon ile oksidatif stresi uyararak kardiyoserebrovasküler ve solunum sistemi hastalıklar, kanserler, felç ve ani ölüme sebep olmaktadır. Tütün bitkisinde ve sigara dumanında bulunan elementler kan dolaşımı aracılığıyla perifer dokulara geçmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, kronik obstrüktif akciğer hastalığı (KOAH) tanısı olmayan sigara içenlerde serum nikel (Ni), silisyum (Si), arsenik (As) ve bor (B) düzeylerindeki değişiklikleri değerlendirmektir.Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışma grupları sigarayı bırakanlar (Grup 1; n: 35; 15 kadın / 20 erkek), sigara içenler (Grup 2; n: 35; 13 kadın, 22 erkek) ve sigara içmeyenlerden (Grup 3; n; 40; 20 kadın / 20 erkek) oluşturuldu. Biyokimyasal parametreler Haseki Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Biyokimya Laboratuvarında ölçüldü. Serum element düzeyleri İstanbul Üniversitesi-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa Tıp Fakültesi Biyofizik Anabilim Dalı Eser Element Laboratuvarı'nda İndüktif Eşleşmiş Plazma Atomik Emisyon Spektroskopisi kullanılarak ölçüldü. İstatistiksel analiz için ANOVA testi ve Pearson's korelasyon testleri kullanıldı. p <0.05 istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olarak değerlendirildi. Grup 2'nin serum Ni düzeyleri diğer çalışma gruplarına daha yüksek olmasına rağmen, istatistiksel anlamlılık yoktu. Grup 2’nin serum Si ve As düzeyleri, Grup 1 ve Grup 3'ten istatistiksel olarak daha yüksekti (p <0.01, p <0.05, sırasıyla ). Çalışma grupları arasında serum B düzeyleri açısından istatistiksel anlamlılık yoktu. Sigara içenlerde artmış serum Si ve As düzeyleri, inflamasyon, dislipidemi ve oksidatif stres aracılığıyla ateroskleroza neden olabilir. Ayrıca, sigara içenlerde serum Ni düzeylerinin yüksek olması, Ni’in toksik etkilerini yansıtabilir. Bununla birlikte, sigara içenlerde serum B düzeyinin daha düşük olması, muhtemelen biyolojik savunma mekanizmalarında tüketilmesinden kaynaklanmaktadır. Serum nikel, silisyum, arsenik ve bor düzeylerinin takibi sigara içenler için biyolojik belirteçler olarak kullanılabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Nikel
• silisyum
• arsenik
• bor
• sigara içimi

Kaynakça

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