Is There A Relationship Between Blood Group Types and Cholestatoma Development in Patients with Chronic Otitis Media?

Öz

Investigation of the relationship of ABO and Rh blood groups with cholesteatoma development and disease severity in patients with chronic otitis media. The files of 149 patients who were operated for chronic otitis in our clinic between 2013-2020 and in order to compare them with the normal population, 200 patients without a history of chronic otitis were investigated retrospectively. The patients were classified as group 1: chronic otitis media with cholesteatoma, group 2: chronic otitis media without cholesteatoma, and group 3: control group. Age, gender, and blood group data were analyzed and compared for each patient. Middle ear risk index (MERI) and cholesteatoma staging (CS) of patients with cholesteatoma were recorded and the relationship between these values and blood groups was examined. Group 1 had 68 patients, group 2 had 81 patients, and group 3 had 200 patients. There was no difference between the groups in terms of mean age. The ratio of female patients in group 1 was lower than group 2 and control group (p=0.021). In group 1, blood group O was significantly lower and blood group A was significantly higher than group 2 and control group (p=0,047). There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of other blood groups (p>0.05). In patients with cholesteatoma, there was no significant difference between blood groups in terms of MERI scores and CS (p= 0.149, p= 0.157, respectively). Studies have been performed to show that differences in blood groups may be risk factors in the development of many diseases. In our study, we found that individuals with blood group O have less risk and individuals with blood group A have a higher risk of developing cholesteatoma. In the light of these results, we think that it may be beneficial to consider differences in blood groups in terms of the development of cholesteatoma in patients with chronic otitis media as a risk factor in the follow-up of patients. 

Kronik Otitis Medialı Hastalarda Kan Grubu Tipleri ile Kolestatom Gelişimi Arasında İlişki Var Mı?

Öz

ABO ve Rh kan gruplarının kronik otitis media’lı hastalarda kolesteatom gelişimi ve hastalık ciddiyeti ile ilişkisinin incelenmesiç Kliniğimizde 2013-2020 yılları arasında kronik otit nedeniyle ameliyat edilen 149 hastanın ve normal toplumla karşılaştırılması amacıyla kronik otit öyküsü olmayan 200 hastanın dosyaları retrospektif olarak incelendi. Hastalar grup 1: kolesteatomlu kronik otit, grup 2: kolesteatomsuz kronik otit ve grup 3: kontrol grubu olarak sınıflandırıldı. Her hasta için yaş, cinsiyet, kan grubu verileri incelenerek karşılaştırıldı. Kolesteatom tespit edilen hastaların orta kulak risk indeksleri (OKRİ) ve kolesteatom evrelemeleri (KE) kaydedildi ve bu değerler ile kan grupları arasındaki ilişki incelendi. Grup 1’de 68 grup 2’de 81 hasta ve grup 3’ de 200 hasta vardı. Gruplar arasında yaş ortalamaları açısından fark yoktu. Grup 1’de bayan hasta oranı grup 2 ve kontrol grubuna göre daha düşüktü (p:0,021). Grup 1’de O kan grubu, grup 2’ye ve kontrol grubuna göre anlamlı derecede düşük, A kan grubu anlamlı derecede yüksekti (p:0,047). Diğer kan grupları açısından gruplar arasında anlamlı fark görülmedi (p>0,05). Kolesteatomlu hastalarda, OKRİ skorları ve KE açısından kan grupları arasında anlamlı fark görülmedi (sırasıyla p:0,149, p:0,157). Kan grupları farklılıklarının birçok hastalık gelişiminde risk faktörü olabileceğine yönelik çalışmalar yapılmıştır. Biz de yaptığımız çalışmada, kolesteatom gelişimi açısından O kan grubuna sahip bireylerin daha az risk, A kan grubuna sahip bireylerin ise daha yüksek risk taşıdıklarını tespit ettik. Bu sonuçlar ışığında kronik otitli hastalarda kolesteatom gelişimi açısından kan grupları farklılıklarının, hastaların takiplerinde bir risk faktörü olarak göz önünde tutulmasının faydalı olabileceğini düşünmekteyiz.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• kolesteatom
• kronik otitis media
• kan grupları

Kaynakça

1. 1. Ewald DR, Sumner SC. Blood type biochemistry and human disease. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Syst Biol Med. 2016;8(6):517-35.
2. 2. Garratty G. Blood groups and disease: a historical perspective. Transfus Med Rev. 2000;14(4):291-301.
3. 3. Pinkston JA, Cole P. ABO blood groups and salivary gland tumors (Alabama, United States). Cancer Causes Control. 1996;7(6):572-4.
4. 4. Bakhtiari S, Far SM, Alibakhshi Z et al. Salivary Secretor Status of Blood Group Antigens in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer. Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 2019;7(3):373-7.
5. 5. Chen WW, Chow KT, McPherson B. ABO Blood Group and Cochlear Status: Otoacoustic Emission Markers. Ear Hear. 2018;39(3):555-62.
6. 6. Mortensen EH, Lildholdt T, Gammelgård NP et al. Distribution of ABO blood groups in secretory otitis media and cholesteatoma. Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci. 1983;8(4):263-5.
7. 7. Wiesen BM, Hafrén L, Einarsdottir E et al. ABO Genotype and Blood Type Are Associated with Otitis Media. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers .2019;23(11):823-7.
8. 8. Kuo CL. Etiopathogenesis of acquired cholesteatoma: prominent theories and recent advances in biomolecular research. Laryngoscope. 2015;125(1):234-40.

9. 9. Becvarovski Z, Kartush JM. Smoking and tympanoplasty: implications for prognosis and the Middle Ear Risk Index (MERI). Laryngoscope. 2001;111(10):1806–11.
10. 10. Yung M, Tono T, Olszewska E et al. EAONO/JOS Joint Consensus Statements on the Definitions, Classification and Staging of Middle Ear Cholesteatoma. J Int Adv Otol. 2017;13(1):1-8.
11. 11. Kuo CL, Liao WH, Shiao AS. A review of current progress in acquired cholesteatoma management. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2015;272(12):3601-9.
12. 12. Semaan MT, Megerian CA. The pathophysiology of cholesteatoma. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2006;39(6):1143-59.
13. 13. Ozyurt K, Oztürk P, Gül M et al. ABO blood groups, Rhesus factor, and Behçet's disease. Acta Dermatovenerol Alp Pannonica Adriat. 2013;22(3):63-4.
14. 14. Daniels G. (2013), ABO, H. Lewis systems. In Human Blood Groups, Daniels G. Ed. 3rd ed. Wiley-Blackwell:Chicester, UK, pp. 11–95.
15. 15. Akbay T, Demiröz P, Güney Ç. Türkiye’de kan gruplarının coğrafi bölgelere göre dağılımı. GATA Bült. 1989;31:391-402.
16. 16. Alpdemir M, Alpdemir MF, Kocaöz S et al. Balıkesir Bölgesinde ABO ve Rh Kan Grupları Dağılımı. Balıkesir Sağlık Bil Derg. 2014;3(2):69-73.
17. 17. Cooling L. Blood Groups in Infection and Host Susceptibility. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2015;28(3):801-70.
18. 18. Neeff M, Biswas K, Hoggard M et al. Molecular Microbiological Profile of Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media. J Clin Microbiol. 2016;54(10):2538-46.
19. 19. Nurjadi D, Lependu J, Kremsner PG et al. Staphylococcus aureus throat carriage is associated with ABO-/secretor status. J Infect. 2012;65(4):310-7.
20. 20. Geisel J, Steuer MK, Ko HL et al. The role of ABO blood groups in infections induced by Staphylococcus saprophyticus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Zentralbl Bakteriol. 1995;282(4):427-30.
21. 21. Steuer MK, Beuth J, Hofstädter F et al. Blood group phenotype determines lectin-mediated adhesion of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to human outer ear canal epithelium. Zentralbl Bakteriol. 1995;282(3):287-95.
22. 22. Kuo KC, Kuo HC, Huang LT et al. The clinical implications of ABO blood groups in Pseudomonas aeruginosa sepsis in children. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2013;46(2):109-14.
23. 23. Wu O, Bayoumi N, Vickers MA et al. ABO(H) blood groups and vascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Thromb Haemost. 2008;6(1):62-9.
24. 24. Zhang W, Xu Q, Zhuang Y et al. Novel association of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and soluble P-selectin with the ABO blood group in a Chinese population. Exp Ther Med. 2016;12(2):909-14.
25. 25. Mills R, Hathorn I. Aetiology and pathology of otitis media with effusion in adult life. J Laryngol Otol. 2016;130(5):418-24.
26. 26. Apostolopoulos K, Labropoulou E, Konstantinos B et al. Blood group in otitis media with effusion. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec. 2002;64(6):433-5.
27. 27. Zang J, Hui L, Yang N et al. Downregulation of MiR-203a Disinhibits Bmi1 and Promotes Growth and Proliferation of Keratinocytes in Cholesteatoma. Int J Med Sci. 2018;15(5):447-55.
28. 28. Chen X, Li X, Qin Z. MicroRNA-21 promotes the proliferation and invasion of cholesteatoma keratinocytes. Acta Otolaryngol. 2016;136(12):1261-6.
29. 29. Jaff MS. Higher frequency of secretor phenotype in O blood group- its benefits in prevention and/or treatment of some diseases. Int J Nanomedicine. 2010;5:901-5.