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Severity of Depression and Anxiety, and Quality of Sleep And Life in Healthcare Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Yıl 2022, , 231 - 242, 28.02.2022
https://doi.org/10.20515/otd.961099

Öz

The COVID-19 pandemic is having an adverse effect on healthcare workers (HCWs), both physically and mentally, due to the increased workload. The present study evaluates the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the level of depression and anxiety, and on quality of sleep and life among HCWs. In this cross-sectional study, an online questionnaire was used to garner data on mental health parameters and quality of sleep in HCWs and non-HCWs. The participants were evaluated with the “Patient Health Questionnaire-9” (PHQ-9) for depressive symptoms, the “Beck Anxiety Inventory” (BAI) for anxiety symptoms, the “Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index” (PSQI) for sleep quality and the “Professional Quality of Life” (ProQol) scale for quality of life. Included in the study were 543 respondents, comprising 335 HCWs and 208 non-HCWs. The PHQ-9, BAI and PSQI scores were found to be significantly higher in the HCWs than in the non-HCWs. Among the HCW, the PHQ-9, BAI, PSQI and ProQol-compassion satisfaction scores were significantly higher for nurses than for physicians; the BAI, PSQI and ProQol-burnout scores of the nurses were higher than those of non-medical hospital personnel; and the BAI scores of the allied healthcare professionals were higher than those of physicians. The study found HCWs, especially nurses, to be more affected by the COVID-19 pandemic than the public in terms of mental health and sleep quality. During the COVID-19 pandemic, psychological support programs should be provided for HCWs to ensure the maintenance of quality of life among these key personnel.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Ge H, Wang X, Yuan X, et al. The epidemiology and clinical information about COVID-19. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2020;39(6):1011-19.
  • 2. Ahn DG, Shin HJ, Kim MH, et al. Current Status of Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Therapeutics, and Vaccines for Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2020;30(3):313-24.
  • 3. Herman C, Mayer K, Sarwal A. Scoping review of prevalence of neurologic comorbidities in patients hospitalized for COVID-19. Neurology. 2020;95(2):77-84.
  • 4. Shuja KH, Aqeel M, Jaffar A, et al. COVID-19 Pandemic and Impending Global Mental Health Implications. Psychiatr Danub. 2020;32(1):32-5.
  • 5. Lei L, Huang X, Zhang S, et al. Comparison of Prevalence and Associated Factors of Anxiety and Depression Among People Affected by versus People Unaffected by Quarantine During the COVID-19 Epidemic in Southwestern China. Med Sci Monit. 2020;26:e924609.
  • 6. Ho CS, Chee CY, Ho RC. Mental Health Strategies to Combat the Psychological Impact of COVID-19 Beyond Paranoia and Panic. Ann Acad Med Singap. 2020;49(3):155-60.
  • 7. Forte G, Favieri F, Tambelli R, et al. COVID-19 Pandemic in the Italian Population: Validation of a Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Questionnaire and Prevalence of PTSD Symptomatology. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(11):4151.
  • 8. Xiao H, Zhang Y, Kong D, et al. Social Capital and Sleep Quality in Individuals Who Self-Isolated for 14 Days During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in January 2020 in China. Med Sci Monit. 2020;26:e923921.
  • 9. Lai J, Ma S, Wang Y, et al. Factors Associated With Mental Health Outcomes Among Health Care Workers Exposed to Coronavirus Disease 2019. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(3):e203976.
  • 10. Lu W, Wang H, Lin Y, et al. Psychological status of medical workforce during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study. Psychiatry Res. 2020;288:112936.
  • 11. Zhang WR, Wang K, Yin L, et al. Mental Health and Psychosocial Problems of Medical Health Workers during the COVID-19 Epidemic in China. Psychother Psychosom. 2020;89(4):242-50.
  • 12. Pappa S, Ntella V, Giannakas T, et al. Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and insomnia among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain Behav Immun. 2020;88:901-7.
  • 13. Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB. The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure. J Gen Intern Med. 2001;16(9):606-13.
  • 14. Sari YE, Kokoglu B, Balcioglu H, et al. Turkish reliability of the patient health questionnaire-9. Biomed Res. 2016;Special Issue:S460-S462.
  • 15. Beck AT, Epstein N, Brown G, et al. An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: psychometric properties. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1988;56(6):893-7.
  • 16. Ulusoy M, Sahin NH, Erkmen H. Turkish Version of the Beck Anxiety Inventory: Psychometric Properties. J Cogn Psychother. 1998;12:163-72.
  • 17. Buysse DJ, Reynolds CF 3rd, Monk TH, et al. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Res. 1989;28(2):193-213.
  • 18. Wang S, Xie L, Xu Y, et al. Sleep disturbances among medical workers during the outbreak of COVID-2019. Occup Med (Lond). 2020;70(5):364-9.
  • 19. Agargun MY, Kara H, Anlar O. Validity and reliability of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index in Turkish sample. Turk Psikiyatri Derg. 1996;7:107-15.
  • 20. Yesil A, Ergun U, Amasyalı C, et al. Validity and Reliability of the Turkish Version of the Professional Quality of Life Scale. Noro Psikiyatr Ars. 2010;47:111-7.
  • 21. Maunder R, Hunter J, Vincent L, et al. The immediate psychological and occupational impact of the 2003 SARS outbreak in a teaching hospital. CMAJ. 2003;168(10):1245-51.
  • 22. Lee AM, Wong JG, McAlonan GM, et al. Stress and psychological distress among SARS survivors 1 year after the outbreak. Can J Psychiatry. 2007;52(4):233-40.
  • 23. Kang L, Ma S, Chen M, et al. Impact on mental health and perceptions of psychological care among medical and nursing staff in Wuhan during the 2019 novel coronavirus disease outbreak: A cross-sectional study. Brain Behav Immun. 2020;87:11-7.
  • 24. Korkmaz S, Kazgan A, Çekiç S, et al. The anxiety levels, quality of sleep and life and problem-solving skills in healthcare workers employed in COVID-19 services. J Clin Neurosci. 2020;80:131-6.
  • 25. Huang Y, Zhao N. Generalized anxiety disorder, depressive symptoms and sleep quality during COVID-19 outbreak in China: a web-based cross-sectional survey. Psychiatry Res. 2020;288:112954.
  • 26. Lu YC, Shu BC, Chang YY, et al. The mental health of hospital workers dealing with severe acute respiratory syndrome. Psychother Psychosom. 2006;75(6):370-5.
  • 27. McAlonan GM, Lee AM, Cheung V, et al. Immediate and sustained psychological impact of an emerging infectious disease outbreak on health care workers. Can J Psychiatry. 2007;52(4):241-7.
  • 28. Que J, Shi L, Deng J, et al. Psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers: a cross-sectional study in China. Gen Psychiatr. 2020;33(3):e100259.
  • 29. Dimitriu MCT, Pantea-Stoian A, Smaranda AC, et al. Burnout syndrome in Romanian medical residents in time of the COVID-19 pandemic. Med Hypotheses. 2020;144:109972.
  • 30. Kannampallil TG, Goss CW, Evanoff BA, et al. Exposure to COVID-19 patients increases physician trainee stress and burnout. PLoS One. 2020;15(8):e0237301.
  • 31. Zerbini G, Ebigbo A, Reicherts P, et al. Psychosocial burden of healthcare professionals in times of COVID-19 - a survey conducted at the University Hospital Augsburg. Ger Med Sci. 2020;18:Doc05.
  • 32. Ruiz-Fernández MD, Ramos-Pichardo JD, Ibáñez-Masero O, et al. Compassion fatigue, burnout, compassion satisfaction and perceived stress in healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 health crisis in Spain. J Clin Nurs. 2020;29(21-22):4321-30.
  • 33. Mazza C, Ricci E, Biondi S, et al. A Nationwide Survey of Psychological Distress among Italian People during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Immediate Psychological Responses and Associated Factors. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(9):3165.
  • 34. González-Sanguino C, Ausín B, Castellanos MÁ, et al. Mental health consequences during the initial stage of the 2020 Coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) in Spain. Brain Behav Immun. 2020;87:172-6.
  • 35. Özdin S, Bayrak Özdin Ş. Levels and predictors of anxiety, depression and health anxiety during COVID-19 pandemic in Turkish society: The importance of gender. Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2020;66(5):504-11.
  • 36. Hall H. The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers' mental health. JAAPA. 2020;33(7):45-8.
  • 37. Janati Idrissi A, Lamkaddem A, Benouajjit A, et al. Sleep quality and mental health in the context of COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown in Morocco. Sleep Med. 2020;74:248-53.

COVID-19 Pandemisi Sırasında Sağlık Çalışanlarının Depresyon ve Anksiyete Şiddeti İle Uyku ve Yaşam Kaliteleri

Yıl 2022, , 231 - 242, 28.02.2022
https://doi.org/10.20515/otd.961099

Öz

Amaç: COVID-19 pandemisi, artan iş yükü nedeni ile hem fiziksel hem de zihinsel olarak sağlık çalışanları üzerinde olumsuz bir etkiye sahiptir. Bu çalışma, COVID-19 pandemisinin, sağlık çalışanlarının depresyon ve anksiyete düzeyi ile uyku ve yaşam kaliteleri üzerindeki etkilerini değerlendirmektedir.

Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu kesitsel çalışmada sağlık çalışanları ve sağlık çalışanı olmayanlarda mental sağlık parametreleri ve uyku kaliteleri ile ilgili verileri elde etmek için çevrimiçi bir anket kullanılmıştır Katılımcılar, depresyon için “Hasta Sağlığı Anketi-9” (PHQ-9), anksiyete semptomları için “Beck Anksiyete Envanteri” (BAE), uyku kalitesi için “Pittsburgh Uyku Kalitesi indeksi” (PUKİ) ve yaşam kalitesi için “Çalışanlar için Yaşam Kalitesi Ölçeği” (ProQol) ile değerlendirilmiştir.

Bulgular: Çalışmaya 335’i sağlık çalışanı ve 208’i sağlık çalışanı olmayan toplam 543 kişi dahil edildi. PHQ-9, BAE ve PUKİ skorları sağlık çalışanlarında, sağlık çalışanı olmayanlara göre anlamlı derecede yüksek bulundu. Sağlık çalışanları arasında PHQ-9, BAE, PUKİ ve ProQol-mesleki tatmin skorları, hemşirelerde doktorlara göre anlamlı derecede daha yüksekti; hemşirelerin BAE, PUKİ ve ProQol-tükenmişlik skorları tıbbi olmayan hastane personeline göre daha yüksekti ve yardımcı sağlık personellerinin BAE skorları ise doktorlardan daha yüksekti.

Sonuç: Bu çalışmada, sağlık çalışanlarının, özellikle de hemşirelerin, COVID-19 pandemisinden mental sağlık ve uyku kalitesi yönünden topluma göre daha çok etkilendiği saptanmıştır. COVID-19 pandemisi esnasında, bu kilit personelin yaşam kalitesinin sürdürülmesini temin etmek için, sağlık çalışanlarına psikolojik destek programları sağlanmalıdır.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Ge H, Wang X, Yuan X, et al. The epidemiology and clinical information about COVID-19. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2020;39(6):1011-19.
  • 2. Ahn DG, Shin HJ, Kim MH, et al. Current Status of Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Therapeutics, and Vaccines for Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2020;30(3):313-24.
  • 3. Herman C, Mayer K, Sarwal A. Scoping review of prevalence of neurologic comorbidities in patients hospitalized for COVID-19. Neurology. 2020;95(2):77-84.
  • 4. Shuja KH, Aqeel M, Jaffar A, et al. COVID-19 Pandemic and Impending Global Mental Health Implications. Psychiatr Danub. 2020;32(1):32-5.
  • 5. Lei L, Huang X, Zhang S, et al. Comparison of Prevalence and Associated Factors of Anxiety and Depression Among People Affected by versus People Unaffected by Quarantine During the COVID-19 Epidemic in Southwestern China. Med Sci Monit. 2020;26:e924609.
  • 6. Ho CS, Chee CY, Ho RC. Mental Health Strategies to Combat the Psychological Impact of COVID-19 Beyond Paranoia and Panic. Ann Acad Med Singap. 2020;49(3):155-60.
  • 7. Forte G, Favieri F, Tambelli R, et al. COVID-19 Pandemic in the Italian Population: Validation of a Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Questionnaire and Prevalence of PTSD Symptomatology. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(11):4151.
  • 8. Xiao H, Zhang Y, Kong D, et al. Social Capital and Sleep Quality in Individuals Who Self-Isolated for 14 Days During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in January 2020 in China. Med Sci Monit. 2020;26:e923921.
  • 9. Lai J, Ma S, Wang Y, et al. Factors Associated With Mental Health Outcomes Among Health Care Workers Exposed to Coronavirus Disease 2019. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(3):e203976.
  • 10. Lu W, Wang H, Lin Y, et al. Psychological status of medical workforce during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study. Psychiatry Res. 2020;288:112936.
  • 11. Zhang WR, Wang K, Yin L, et al. Mental Health and Psychosocial Problems of Medical Health Workers during the COVID-19 Epidemic in China. Psychother Psychosom. 2020;89(4):242-50.
  • 12. Pappa S, Ntella V, Giannakas T, et al. Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and insomnia among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain Behav Immun. 2020;88:901-7.
  • 13. Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB. The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure. J Gen Intern Med. 2001;16(9):606-13.
  • 14. Sari YE, Kokoglu B, Balcioglu H, et al. Turkish reliability of the patient health questionnaire-9. Biomed Res. 2016;Special Issue:S460-S462.
  • 15. Beck AT, Epstein N, Brown G, et al. An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: psychometric properties. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1988;56(6):893-7.
  • 16. Ulusoy M, Sahin NH, Erkmen H. Turkish Version of the Beck Anxiety Inventory: Psychometric Properties. J Cogn Psychother. 1998;12:163-72.
  • 17. Buysse DJ, Reynolds CF 3rd, Monk TH, et al. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Res. 1989;28(2):193-213.
  • 18. Wang S, Xie L, Xu Y, et al. Sleep disturbances among medical workers during the outbreak of COVID-2019. Occup Med (Lond). 2020;70(5):364-9.
  • 19. Agargun MY, Kara H, Anlar O. Validity and reliability of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index in Turkish sample. Turk Psikiyatri Derg. 1996;7:107-15.
  • 20. Yesil A, Ergun U, Amasyalı C, et al. Validity and Reliability of the Turkish Version of the Professional Quality of Life Scale. Noro Psikiyatr Ars. 2010;47:111-7.
  • 21. Maunder R, Hunter J, Vincent L, et al. The immediate psychological and occupational impact of the 2003 SARS outbreak in a teaching hospital. CMAJ. 2003;168(10):1245-51.
  • 22. Lee AM, Wong JG, McAlonan GM, et al. Stress and psychological distress among SARS survivors 1 year after the outbreak. Can J Psychiatry. 2007;52(4):233-40.
  • 23. Kang L, Ma S, Chen M, et al. Impact on mental health and perceptions of psychological care among medical and nursing staff in Wuhan during the 2019 novel coronavirus disease outbreak: A cross-sectional study. Brain Behav Immun. 2020;87:11-7.
  • 24. Korkmaz S, Kazgan A, Çekiç S, et al. The anxiety levels, quality of sleep and life and problem-solving skills in healthcare workers employed in COVID-19 services. J Clin Neurosci. 2020;80:131-6.
  • 25. Huang Y, Zhao N. Generalized anxiety disorder, depressive symptoms and sleep quality during COVID-19 outbreak in China: a web-based cross-sectional survey. Psychiatry Res. 2020;288:112954.
  • 26. Lu YC, Shu BC, Chang YY, et al. The mental health of hospital workers dealing with severe acute respiratory syndrome. Psychother Psychosom. 2006;75(6):370-5.
  • 27. McAlonan GM, Lee AM, Cheung V, et al. Immediate and sustained psychological impact of an emerging infectious disease outbreak on health care workers. Can J Psychiatry. 2007;52(4):241-7.
  • 28. Que J, Shi L, Deng J, et al. Psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers: a cross-sectional study in China. Gen Psychiatr. 2020;33(3):e100259.
  • 29. Dimitriu MCT, Pantea-Stoian A, Smaranda AC, et al. Burnout syndrome in Romanian medical residents in time of the COVID-19 pandemic. Med Hypotheses. 2020;144:109972.
  • 30. Kannampallil TG, Goss CW, Evanoff BA, et al. Exposure to COVID-19 patients increases physician trainee stress and burnout. PLoS One. 2020;15(8):e0237301.
  • 31. Zerbini G, Ebigbo A, Reicherts P, et al. Psychosocial burden of healthcare professionals in times of COVID-19 - a survey conducted at the University Hospital Augsburg. Ger Med Sci. 2020;18:Doc05.
  • 32. Ruiz-Fernández MD, Ramos-Pichardo JD, Ibáñez-Masero O, et al. Compassion fatigue, burnout, compassion satisfaction and perceived stress in healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 health crisis in Spain. J Clin Nurs. 2020;29(21-22):4321-30.
  • 33. Mazza C, Ricci E, Biondi S, et al. A Nationwide Survey of Psychological Distress among Italian People during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Immediate Psychological Responses and Associated Factors. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(9):3165.
  • 34. González-Sanguino C, Ausín B, Castellanos MÁ, et al. Mental health consequences during the initial stage of the 2020 Coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) in Spain. Brain Behav Immun. 2020;87:172-6.
  • 35. Özdin S, Bayrak Özdin Ş. Levels and predictors of anxiety, depression and health anxiety during COVID-19 pandemic in Turkish society: The importance of gender. Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2020;66(5):504-11.
  • 36. Hall H. The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers' mental health. JAAPA. 2020;33(7):45-8.
  • 37. Janati Idrissi A, Lamkaddem A, Benouajjit A, et al. Sleep quality and mental health in the context of COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown in Morocco. Sleep Med. 2020;74:248-53.
Toplam 37 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm ORİJİNAL MAKALELER / ORIGINAL ARTICLES
Yazarlar

Onur Serdar Gençler 0000-0002-1907-892X

Özgür Demirhan Bu kişi benim 0000-0003-2781-5085

Ece Çiçek 0000-0001-8665-0714

Tuba Ertunç Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-7466-5967

Aslı Enez Bu kişi benim 0000-0001-5831-3040

Hava Dönmez Keklikoğlu 0000-0002-7199-9195

Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Şubat 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver Gençler OS, Demirhan Ö, Çiçek E, Ertunç T, Enez A, Dönmez Keklikoğlu H. Severity of Depression and Anxiety, and Quality of Sleep And Life in Healthcare Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Osmangazi Tıp Dergisi. 2022;44(2):231-42.


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