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Healthy Aging and Physical Activity: the Contribution of İndividual, Psychosocial and Environmental Features to This

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 39 Sayı: 1, 100 - 108, 09.03.2017
https://doi.org/10.20515/otd.292504

Öz

Aging is a chronological, sociological, biological and psychological degression that can not be prevented. The concept of healthy aging has become increasingly important today. It has been found that there is a significant relationship between healthy aging and physical activity. Sedentary lifestyle that adversely affects the quality of life leading to various diseases and causes premature death, is an important public health problem. The individual, psycho-social features, irregular urbanization and technological developments led to individuals to sedentary life. The individual's decision to participate in physical activity may be affected from the cognitive factors that play a role to perceive the environment, the health state, self-perception, the socio economic and psycho-social situations and the characteristics of the surrounding buildings. While providing urban design and infrastructure services, the required arrangements to encourage individuals to physical activity should be considered. It can be help to residents to add the physical activity into their lives making regulations that are safe, attractive and practical for physical activity, and provide convenience for transportation and to appreciate leisure time, The studies made revealed that the people lived in an walkable environment where people were busy, shopping could be done, where there were restaurants, public transport, parks, sports halls, sidewalks and passages, lighting and traffic lights, bike path, and in an environment that psycho-social support increased were more physical active than those lived around these facilities less. Consequently, to live in an environment that promotes physical activity in different ways, both in the adult and in the elderly, and thus to become physically more active will provide the opportunity to pass a healthier aging period reducing the risk of many chronic illnesses that may occur

Kaynakça

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Sağlıklı Yaşlanma ve Fiziksel Aktivite: Bireysel, Psikososyal ve Çevresel Özelliklerin Buna Katkısı

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 39 Sayı: 1, 100 - 108, 09.03.2017
https://doi.org/10.20515/otd.292504

Öz

Yaşlanma, 
önlenmesi mümkün olmayan kronolojik, sosyolojik, biyolojik ve
psikolojik  bir gerilemedir.  Sağlıklı yaşlanma kavramı günümüzde giderek
önem kazanmıştır. Sağlıklı yaşlanma ve fiziksel aktivite arasında önemli bir
ilişki olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sedanter yaşam tarzı, çeşitli hastalıklara yol
açarak yaşam kalitesini olumsuz etkileyen ve erken ölümlere neden olan önemli
bir toplum sağlığı sorunudur. Bireysel, psiko-sosyal özellikler, düzensiz
şehirleşme ve teknolojik gelişmeler bireyleri sedanter yaşama yöneltmektedir. Bireyin
fiziksel aktiviteye katılma kararı, çevrenin algılanmasında rol oynayan
bilişsel faktörlerden, sağlık durumundan, kendini algılama biçiminden, psiko-sosyal
ve sosyo-ekonomik durumdan, yaşanılan binanın çevresinin özelliklerinden
etkilenebilir. Kentsel tasarım ve altyapı hizmetleri sunulurken, bireyleri
fiziksel aktiviteye teşvik etmek için gerekli düzenlemeler göz önünde
bulundurulmalıdır. Fiziksel aktivite için güvenli, çekici ve pratik olan,
ulaşım ve boş zamanları değerlendirmede kolaylık sağlayan düzenlemeler
yapılarak, çevre sakinlerinin fiziksel aktiviteyi yaşamlarına katmalarına
yardımcı olunabilir.  Yapılan
araştırmalar, insanların yoğun olduğu, alışveriş imkanı olan, restoranlar,
toplu taşıma imkanları, parklar, spor salonları, yaya kaldırımları ve
geçitleri, aydınlatma ve trafik lambaları, bisiklet yollarının bulunduğu
yürünebilir çevrede ve psiko-sosyal desteğin arttığı bir ortamda yaşayan insanların,
fiziksel olarak daha aktif olduklarını ortaya koymuştur.  Sonuç olarak, gerek yetişkin dönemde, gerekse
yaşlılıkta farklı yönlerden fiziksel aktiviteyi destekleyen bir ortamda yaşamak
ve böylece fiziksel olarak daha aktif olmak, oluşabilecek birçok kronik
hastalık riskini azaltarak, daha sağlıklı bir yaşlılık dönemi geçirme olanağı
sağlayacaktır.

Kaynakça

  • 1-United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2015). World Population Ageing 2015. http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/pdf/ageing/WPA2015_Report.pdf (erişim tarihi 03-02-2017)
  • 2- Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu, İstatistiklerle Yaşlılar, 2015: Sayı: 21520; 17 Mart 2016.
  • 3- Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu, Adrese Dayalı Nüfus Kayıt Sistemi Sonuçları, 2016. Sayı: 24638, 31 Ocak 2017. http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=24638. (erişim tarihi 02-02-2017)
  • 4- Gökçe Kutsal Y. (2003). Yaşlanan insan ve yaşlanan toplum. Hacettepe Toplum Hekimliği Bülteni, 3-4:1-6.
  • 5- Soyuer F, Soyuer A. (2008). Yaşlılık ve Fiziksel Aktivite. İnönü Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, 15 (3): 219-224.
  • 6- World Health Organization Ageing and Health Programme. Growing older—Staying well: Ageing and physical activity in everyday life. (1998). Geneva, World Health Organization
  • http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/65230/1/WHO_HPR_AHE_98.1.pdf (erişim tarihi 02-02-2017)
  • 7- Zaleski AL, Taylor BA, Panza GA, Wu Y, Pescatello LS, Thompson PD, Fernandez AB. (2016). Coming of Age: Considerations in the Prescription of Exercise for Older Adults. Methodist Debakey Cardiovasc J, 12(2):98-104.
  • 8- Regional Office for Europe of the World Health Organization (2006) Physical activity and health: evidence for action. http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0011/87545/E89490.pdf (erişim tarihi:02-02-2017)
  • 9- Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans . Chapter 2: Physical Activity Has Many Health Benefits. https://health.gov/paguidelines/guidelines/chapter2.aspx (erişim tarihi:27-01-2017)
  • 10- EU Physical Activity Guidelines Recommended Policy Actions in Support of Health-Enhancing Physical Activity, 2008. Physical Activity Guidelines (ab-beden-eğitimi-rehberi).pdf?sfvrsn=0 (erişim tarihi:27-01-2017)
  • 11-Tudor-Locke C, Craig CL, Aoyagi Y, Bell RC, Croteau KA, De Bourdeaudhuij I, Ewald B, Gardner AW,Hatano Y, Lutes LD, Matsudo SM, Ramirez-Marrero FA, Rogers LQ, Rowe DA, Schmidt MD, Tully MA, Blair SN. How many steps/day are enough? For older adults and special populations. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2011 Jul 28;8:80
  • 12-Elsawy B, Higgins KE. (2010). Physical activity guidelines for older adults. Am Fam Physician, 81(1):55-9.
  • 13-Berstad P, Botteri E, Larsen IK, Løberg M, Kalager M, Holme Ø, Bretthauer M, Hoff G. (2017). Lifestyle changes at middle age and mortality: a population-based prospective cohort study. J Epidemiol Community Health, 71(1):59-66.
  • 14-Bauman A, Merom D, Bull FC, Buchner DM, Fiatarone Singh MA. (2016). Updating the Evidence for Physical Activity: Summative Reviews of the Epidemiological Evidence, Prevalence, and Interventions to Promote "Active Aging". Gerontologist, 56 Suppl 2:S268-80.
  • 15- Dhalwani NN, O'Donovan G, Zaccardi F, Hamer M, Yates T, Davies M, Khunti K. (2016). Long terms trends of multimorbidity and association with physical activity in older English population. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act, 19;13:89.
  • 16-Kim S, So WY, Kim J, Sung DJ. (2016). Relationship between Bone-Specific Physical Activity Scores and Measures for Body Composition and Bone Mineral Density in Healthy Young College Women. PLoS One, 2;11(9):e0162127.
  • 17- Tobias JH1, Gould V, Brunton L, Deere K, Rittweger J, Lipperts M, Grimm B. (2014). Physical Activity and Bone: May the Force be with You. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne), 3;5:20.
  • 18- Barry AR, O’Neill DE, Graham MM. (2016). Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in older adults. Can. J Cardiol, 32(9):1074-81.
  • 19- Roh J, Rhee J, Chaudhari V1, Rosenzweig A. (2016). The Role of Exercise in Cardiac Aging: From Physiology to Molecular Mechanisms. Circ Res, 22;118(2):279-95.
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  • 37- Eyler AA. (2003). Personal, social, and environmental correlates of physical activity in rural Midwestern white women. Am J Prev Med, p25(3 Suppl 1):86-92.
  • 38- McNeill LH, Wyrwich KW, Brownson RC, Clark EM, Kreuter MW. (2006). Individual, social environmental, and physical environmental influences on physical activity among black and white adults: a structural equation analysis. Ann Behav Med, 31(1):36-44.
  • 39- Gebel K, Bauman A, Owen N. (2009). Correlates of non-concordance between perceived and objective measures of walkability. Ann Behav Med, 37(2):228-38.
  • 41- Wilcox S, Bopp M, Oberrecht L, Kammermann SK, McElmurray CT. (2003). Psychosocial and perceived environmental correlates of physical activity in rural and older african american and white women. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci, 58(6):329-37.
  • 42- Mansfield ED, Ducharme N, Koski KG. (2012). Individual, social and environmental factors influencing physical activity levels and behaviours of multiethnic socio-economically disadvantaged urban mothers in Canada: a mixed methods approach. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act, 13;9:42.
  • 43- Ståhl T, Rütten A, Nutbeam D, Bauman A, Kannas L, Abel T, Lüschen G, Rodriquez DJ, Vinck J, van der Zee J. (2001). The importance of the social environment for physically active lifestyle--results from an international study. Soc Sci Med, 52(1):1-10.
  • 44- Wendel-Vos W, Droomers M, Kremers S, Brug J, van Lenthe F. (2007). Potential environmental determinants of physical activity in adults: a systematic review. Obes Rev, 8(5):425-40.)
  • 45- Carlson JA, Sallis JF, Conway TL, Saelens BE, Frank LD, Kerr J, Cain KL, King AC. (2012). Interactions between psychosocial and built environment factors in explaining older adults’ physical activity, Prev Med,54(1):68-73
  • 46- de Bourdeaudhuij I, Teixeira PJ, Cardon G, Deforche B. (2005). Environmental and psychosocial correlates of physical activity in Portuguese and Belgian adults. Public Health Nutr, 8(7):886-95.
  • 47- Marquet O, Miralles-Guasch C. (2015). Neighbourhood vitality and physical activity among the elderly: The role of walkable environments on active ageing in Barcelona, Spain. Soc Sci Med, 135, 24-30.
  • 48- Van Cauwenberg, J., De Bourdeaudhuij, I., De Meester, F., Van Dyck, D., Salmon, J., Clarys, P., & Deforche, B. (2011). Relationship between the physical environment and physical activity in older adults: A systematic review. Health & Place, 17, 458-469.
  • 49- Abraham A, Sommerhalder K, Abel T. (2010)Landscape and well-being: a scoping study on the health-promoting impact of outdoor environments. Int J Public Health, 55(1):59-69.
  • 50- Renalds A, Smith TH, Hale PJ. A systematic review of built environment and health. Fam Community Health. 2010 Jan-Mar;33(1):68-78.
  • 51- Guite HF, Clark C, Ackrill G. (2006). The impact of the physical and urban environment on mental well-being. Public Health, 120(12):1117-26.)
  • 52- Cohen-Mansfield J, Shmotkin D, Hazan H. (2012). Homebound older persons: prevalence, characteristics, and longitudinal predictors. Arch Gerontol Geriatr, 54(1):55-60.
  • 53- Rantakokko M, Iwarsson S, Mänty M, Leinonen R, Rantanen T: (2012). Perceived barriers in the outdoor environment and development of walking difficulties in older people. Age Ageing, 41:118–121.
  • 54- Balfour JL, Kaplan GA. (2002). Neighborhood environment and loss of physical function in older adults: evidence from the Alameda County Study. Am J Epidemiol, 155: 507–15.)
  • 55- Schootman M, Andresen EM, Wolinsky FD, Malmstrom TK, Miller JP, Miller DK. (2006). Neighborhood conditions and risk of incident lower-body functional limitations among middle-aged African Americans. Am J Epidemiol, 163: 450–8.
  • 56-Moran M, Van Cauwenberg J, Hercky-Linnewiel R, Cerin E, Deforche B, Plaut P. (2014). Understanding the relationships between the physical environment and physical activity in older adults: a systematic review of qualitative studies. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act, 17;11:79.
  • 57- World Health Organization. (1999). Health 21 The health for all policy framework for the WHO European Region.The Regional Office for Europe of the World Health Organization Copenhagen. http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0010/98398/wa540ga199heeng.pdf (erişim tarihi:03-02-2017)
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  • 59- WHO Regional Office for Europe. 1. (2007). Steps to health. A European framework to promote physical activity for health. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe. http://www.mentalhealthpromotion.net/?i=training.en.bibliography.1788 (erişim tarihi:02-02-2017)
  • 60- World Health Organization. 2. (2007). A guide for population-based approaches to increasing levels of physical activity. Implementation of the WHO Global Strategy on Diet, Physical Activity and Health. Geneva: World Health Organization. http://www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/physical-activity-promotion-2007.pdf ((erişim tarihi:02-02-2017)
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  • 62- Kahlmeier S, WijnhovenTMA, Alpiger P, Schweizer C, Breda J, Martin BW. (2015). National physical activity recommendations: systematic overview and analysis of the situation in European countries. BMC Public Health, 15:133
  • 63- T.C. Devlet Planlama Teşkilatı Sosyal Sektörler ve Koordinasyon Genel Müdürlüğü. (2007). Türkiye’de Yaşlıların Durumu ve Yaşlanma Ulusal Eylem Planı. Yayın No DPT: 2741. http://eyh.aile.gov.tr/data/544f6b29369dc328a057d006/yaslanma_ulusal_eylem_plani.pdf erişim tarihi: 03-02-2017).
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  • 65- Baran E, Bahar-Özvarış Ö. (2012). Yaşlılık döneminde sağlığın geliştirilmesi. In: Aslan D, Ertem M (Eds) Yaşlı Sağlığı: Sorunlar ve Çözümler. Palme Yayıncılık 1. Baskı. HASUDER Yayın No: 2012-1.
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  • 69- Lid IM. (2014). Universal Design and disability: an interdisciplinary perspective. Disabil Rehabil, 36(16):1344-9.
  • 70- Parra DC, Gomez LF, Sarmiento OL, Buchner D, Brownson R, Schimd T, Gomez V, Lobelo F. (2010). Perceived and objective neighborhood environment attributes and health related quality of life among the elderly in Bogotá, Colombia. Soc Sci Med, 70(7):1070-6.
  • 71- Arnadottir SA, Gunnarsdottir ED, Lundin-Olsson L. (2009) Are rural older Icelanders less physically active than those living in urban areas? A population-based study. Scand J Public Health, 37(4):409-17.
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  • 73- Veitch J, Carver A, Abbott G, Giles-Corti B, Timperio A, Salmon J. (2015). How active are people in metropolitan parks? An observational study of park visitation in Australia. BMC Public Health, 4;15:610.
  • 74- Cohen DA, Han B, Derose KP, Williamson S, Marsh T, McKenzie TL. (2013). Physical activity in parks: A randomized controlled trial using community engagement. Am J Prev Med, 45(5):590-7.
  • 75- McCormack GR, Rock M, Toohey AM, Hignell D. (2010). Characteristics of urban parks associated with park use and physical activity: a review of qualitative research. Health Place, 16(4):712-26.
  • 76- Tu H, Liao X, Schuller K, Cook A, Fan S, Lan G, Lu Y, Yuan Z, Moore JB, Maddock JE. (2015). Insights from an observational assessment of park-based physical activity in Nanchang, China. Prev Med Rep, 3;2:930-4
  • 77- Takano T, Nakamura K, Watanabe M. (2002). Urban residential environments and senior citizens' longevity in megacity areas: the importance of walkable green spaces. J Epidemiol Community Health, 56(12):913-8.
Toplam 77 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm DERLEMELER / REVIEWS
Yazarlar

Şermin Demirtaş Bu kişi benim

Can Güngör Bu kişi benim

Raziye Nesrin Demirtaş

Yayımlanma Tarihi 9 Mart 2017
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2017 Cilt: 39 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver Demirtaş Ş, Güngör C, Demirtaş RN. Sağlıklı Yaşlanma ve Fiziksel Aktivite: Bireysel, Psikososyal ve Çevresel Özelliklerin Buna Katkısı. Osmangazi Tıp Dergisi. 2017;39(1):100-8.


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