Extending Lines from Epigenetic to Cancer: Long Non-coding RNAs

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 40 Sayı: 3, 114 - 121, 01.09.2018

Didem Turgut Coşan Emine Yağcı Hülyam Kurt

https://doi.org/10.20515/otd.440958

Cited By: 1

Öz

Transcripts that do not have
the protein coding capacity in the human genome are called non- coding RNAs
(ncRNAs). These non-coding RNAs are divided into two major categories as small
non-coding RNAs (sncRNA) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA), depending on their
length. LncRNAs are a group of non-coding RNAs of > 200 nucleotides. They
function through molecular and biochemical mechanisms, including cis and trans
regulation of gene expression, epigenetic modulation of the nucleus and post-transcriptional
control in the cytoplasm. LncRNAs may localize to part such as cytoplasm,
nucleus, and mitochondria in the cell, and may alter their function depending
on where they are localized. They have the ability to interact with various
chromatin modifying complexes to modulate the chromatin state. The ability of
collect and bind to chromatin to these complexes of lncRNAs can control gene
expression by altering epigenetic structure. Recent studies have shown that
lncRNAs may be an oncogenic or tumor suppressor function; suggesting that
lncRNAs play an important role in the development and progression of cancer.
LncRNAs play an important  role in many
types of cancer, and they may represent potential therapeutic targets because
they can be used as biomarkers to predict recurrence and prognosis. In this review, will refer to the general
characteristics, localizations, functions of lncRNAs, and cancer-related
lncRNAs. Thus, it is intended that readers will have different views on the
relationship between lncRNAs, which are thought to be important intermediates
in the progression of various cancers in the future, and some cancer mechanisms
that have not yet been fully exploited.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Long non-coding RNAs, gene expression, cancer, epigenetic

Epigenetikten Kansere Uzanan Çizgiler: Uzun Kodlamayan RNA’lar

Öz

İnsan genomununda protein
kodlama kapasitesine sahip olmayan transkriptler kodlamayan RNA (ncRNA) olarak
adlandırılmaktadır. Bu kodlamayan RNA’lar
uzunluklarına göre küçük kodlamayan RNA’lar (sncRNA) ve uzun kodlamayan RNA'lar
(lncRNA) olarak iki ana kategoriye ayrılır. LncRNA'lar, >200 nükleotidden
oluşan bir grup kodlamayan RNA'dır. Gen ekspresyonunun cis ve trans
regülasyonu, çekirdeğin epigenetik modülasyonu ve sitoplazmada
post-transkripsiyonel kontrolü de içeren moleküler ve biyokimyasal mekanizmalar
yoluyla işlev görürler. LncRNA’lar hücrede sitoplazma, çekirdek ve mitokondri
gibi alanlara lokalize olabilirler ve lokalize oldukları yere göre
fonksiyonları değişiklik gösterebilir. Kromatin durumunu modüle etmek için
çeşitli kromatin remodelingte rol oynayan komplekslerle etkileşme kapasitesine
sahiptirler. LncRNA'ların bu kabiliyeti, epigenetik yapıyı değiştirerek gen
ekspresyonunu kontrol edebilir. Son yıllarda yapılan çalışmalar, lncRNA'ların
onkojenik veya tümör baskılayıcı fonksiyonu olabileceğini göstermektedir; bu da
onların kanser gelişiminde ve ilerlemesinde önemli bir rol oynadığını ortaya
koymaktadır. LncRNA'lar birçok kanser türünde önemli rol oynar. Nüks ve
prognozu öngörmek için biyolojik belirteç olarak kullanılabileceklerinden
dolayı kanserde potansiyel terapötik hedefler olarak gösterebilirler. Bu derlemede, lncRNA'ların genel özellikleri,
lokalizasyonları, fonksiyonları ve kanser ile ilişkili olan lncRNA çeşitlerine
değinilecektir. Böylece okuyucularda, gelecekte çeşitli kanserlerin
progresyonunda önemli ara bileşenler olabileceği düşünülen lncRNA’larla, henüz
tam olarak açıklığa kavuşmamış bazı kanser mekanizmaları arasındaki ilişki
hakkında farklı bakış açılarının oluşturulması amaçlanmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Uzun kodlamayan RNA’lar, gen ekspresyonu, kanser, epigenetik

Kaynakça

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