Derleme
Yıl 2020,
Sosyal Pediatri Özel Sayısı, 15 - 19, 23.03.2020
Öz
Vaccination is the most effective public health
practice to prevent infectious diseases with high morbidity and mortality. As
the rate of vaccination increased, infectious diseases decreased considerably.
Today, with the reduction of diseases, attention has been focused on the side
effects of vaccines. The most important and common of these side effects are
serious allergic reactions. A history of a serious allergic reaction to a
vaccine should be considered as a contraindication to additional doses of the
same vaccine. However, a severe allergic response to the vaccine is rare, can
occur in any individual and is difficult to predict. Almost all vaccines have
the potential to trigger anaphylaxis and all vaccine components can cause
anaphylaxis. Allergic reactions after vaccination may be due to microbial
antigens, stabilizers, preservatives, adjuvants and contaminants from
production. Most of these components are often present in small amounts that
are insufficient to induce allergic reactions in most patients with possible
hypersensitivity to the component. It should be determined whether the reaction
after the vaccination is allergic or not. It is important to differentiate
allergic reactions from the clinical picture that coincides with the vaccine.
Fear and uncertainty against allergies may result in incomplete vaccination for
children and adults with or without allergies, as the contraindications of
vaccination are not clearly defined. Therefore, it is necessary to know the
correct approach for re-vaccination of a patient with suspected allergic reaction
after vaccination. In addition, vaccination with pneumococcal and influenza
vaccines is recommended for individuals with chronic pulmonary disease, such as
asthma.
Kaynakça
- 1. Andre FE, Booy R, Bock HL, Clemens J, Datta SK, John TJ, et al. Vaccination greatly reduces disease, disability, death and inequity worldwide. Bull World Health Organ. 2008;86:140-6.
- 2. Caubet JC, Ponvert C. Vaccine allergy. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am. 2014;34:597–613.
- 3. RedBook. Red Book 2018: Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases 31 ed. American Academy of Pediatrics; 2018.
- 4. Dreskin SC, Halsey NA, Kelso JM, Wood RA, Hummell DS, Edwards KM, et al. International consensus (ICON): allergic reactions to vaccines. World Allergy J 2016;9:32.
- 5. Caubet JC, Ponvert C. Vaccine allergy. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2014;34: 597–613.
- 6. Echeverria-Zudaire LA, Ortigosa-del Castillo L, Alonso‒Lebrero E, Alvarez-Garc ıa FJ, Cort esAlvarez N, Garc ıa-S anchez N, et al. Consensus document on the approach to children with allergic reactions after vaccination or allergy to vaccine components. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2015;43:304–25.
- 7. Stratton K, Ford A, Rusch E, Clayton EW, editors. Adverse effects of vaccines; evidence and causality. Washington (DC): Institute of Medicine, National Academies Press; 2001.
- 8. Committee on Infectious Diseases. Recommendations for Prevention and Control of Influenza in Children, 2018-2019. Pediatrics. 2018 ;142(4)
- 9. Kelso JM. Influenza vaccine and egg allergy: nearing the end of an evidence-based journey. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015;3:140–1
- 10. Grohskopf LA, Sokolow LZ, Broder KR, Walter EB, Bresee JS, Fry AM, et al. Prevention and Control of Seasonal Influenza with Vaccines: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices—United States, 2017–18 Influenza Season. MMWR Recomm Rep 2017;66(RR-2):1–24.
- 11. McNeil MM, DeStefano F. Vaccine-associated hypersensitivity. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2018 ;141:463-72
- 12. Russell M, Pool V, Kelso JM, Tomazic-Jezic VJ. Vaccination of persons allergic to latex: a review of safety data in the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS). Vaccine. 2004 16;23:664-7
- 13. DiMiceli L, Pool V, Kelso JM, Shadomy SV, Iskander J. VAERS Team. Vaccination of yeast sensitive individuals: review of safety data in the US Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS). Vaccine 2006;24:703–7.
- 14. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. In: Hamborsky J, Kroger A, Wolfe S, editors. Epidemiology and prevention of vaccine-preventable diseases. 13th ed Washington (DC): Public Health Foundation; 2015
- 15. Silcock R, Crawford NW, Perrett KP. Subcutaneous nodules: an important adverse event following immunization. Expert Rev Vaccines. 2019 ;18:405-10
- 16. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. In: Hamborsky J, Kroger A, Wolfe S, editors. Epidemiology and prevention of vaccine-preventable diseases. 13th ed Washington (DC): Public Health Foundation; 2015.
- 17. Leventhal JS, Berger EM, Brauer JA, Cohen DE. Hypersensitivity reactions to vaccine constituents: a case series and review of the literature. Dermatitis 2012;23:102–9.
- 18. Kattan JD, Konstantinou GN, Cox AL, Nowak-Węgrzyn A, Gimenez G, Sampson HA, et al. Anaphylaxis to diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis vaccines among children with cow’s milk allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011;128:215–8
- 19. ilsson L, Brockow K, Alm J, Cardona V, Caubet JC, Gomes E, Jenmalm MC, Lau S, Netterlid E, Schwarze J, Sheikh A, Storsaeter J, Skevaki C, Terreehorst I, Zanoni G. Vaccination and allergy: EAACI position paper, practical aspects. PediatrAllergy Immunol. 2017 ;28:628-40.
Yıl 2020,
Sosyal Pediatri Özel Sayısı, 15 - 19, 23.03.2020
Öz
Aşılama morbiditesi ve mortalitesi yüksek bulaşıcı hastalıklardan korunmada en etkin toplum sağlığı uygulamasıdır. Aşılama hızının artmasıyla bulaşıcı hastalıklar ciddi oranda azalmıştır. Günümüzde hastalıkların azalmasıyla da dikkatler aşıların istenmeyen etkileri üzerine toplanmıştır. Bu istenmeyen etkilerden en önemli ve sık görüleni ciddi alerjik reaksiyonlardır. Bir aşıya karşı ciddi bir alerjik reaksiyon öyküsü, aynı aşının ilave dozlarına kontrendikasyon olarak düşünülmelidir. Ancak aşıya karşı ciddi alerjik yanıt nadir görülür, herhangi bir bireyde olabilir ve önceden tahmini güçtür. Neredeyse tüm aşılar anafilaksiyi tetikleme potansiyeline sahiptir ve aşı bileşenlerinin tümü de anafilaksiye neden olabilmektedir. Aşılama sonrası görülen alerjik reaksiyonlar, aşıdaki mikrobial antijenlere, stabilizatörlere, koruyuculara, adjuvan ve üretimden kalan kirleticilere bağlı olabilir. Bu bileşenlerin çoğu, bileşene olası aşırı duyarlılığı olan çoğu hastada genellikle alerjik reaksiyonları indüklemek için yetersiz olan küçük miktarlarda bulunur. Aşı sonrası oluşan reaksiyonun alerjik reaksiyon olup olmadığı doğru tespit edilmelidir. Alerjik reaksiyonların aşı ile çakışan klinik tablolardan ayrımı önemlidir. Aşılamanın kontrendikasyonlarının net belirlenmemesi sonucu alerjiye karşı korku ve belirsizlik, alerjisi olan veya olmayan çocuklar ve yetişkinler için eksik aşılanmaya neden olabilmektedir. Bu nedenle aşılama sonrası şüpheli alerjik reaksiyonu olan hastanın yeniden aşılanması için doğru yaklaşımın bilinmesi gerekir. Bunun yanı sıra özellikle astım gibi kronik pulmoner bir hastalığı olan bireylerin pnömokok ve influenza aşıları ile aşılanmaları önerilmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- 1. Andre FE, Booy R, Bock HL, Clemens J, Datta SK, John TJ, et al. Vaccination greatly reduces disease, disability, death and inequity worldwide. Bull World Health Organ. 2008;86:140-6.
- 2. Caubet JC, Ponvert C. Vaccine allergy. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am. 2014;34:597–613.
- 3. RedBook. Red Book 2018: Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases 31 ed. American Academy of Pediatrics; 2018.
- 4. Dreskin SC, Halsey NA, Kelso JM, Wood RA, Hummell DS, Edwards KM, et al. International consensus (ICON): allergic reactions to vaccines. World Allergy J 2016;9:32.
- 5. Caubet JC, Ponvert C. Vaccine allergy. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2014;34: 597–613.
- 6. Echeverria-Zudaire LA, Ortigosa-del Castillo L, Alonso‒Lebrero E, Alvarez-Garc ıa FJ, Cort esAlvarez N, Garc ıa-S anchez N, et al. Consensus document on the approach to children with allergic reactions after vaccination or allergy to vaccine components. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2015;43:304–25.
- 7. Stratton K, Ford A, Rusch E, Clayton EW, editors. Adverse effects of vaccines; evidence and causality. Washington (DC): Institute of Medicine, National Academies Press; 2001.
- 8. Committee on Infectious Diseases. Recommendations for Prevention and Control of Influenza in Children, 2018-2019. Pediatrics. 2018 ;142(4)
- 9. Kelso JM. Influenza vaccine and egg allergy: nearing the end of an evidence-based journey. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015;3:140–1
- 10. Grohskopf LA, Sokolow LZ, Broder KR, Walter EB, Bresee JS, Fry AM, et al. Prevention and Control of Seasonal Influenza with Vaccines: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices—United States, 2017–18 Influenza Season. MMWR Recomm Rep 2017;66(RR-2):1–24.
- 11. McNeil MM, DeStefano F. Vaccine-associated hypersensitivity. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2018 ;141:463-72
- 12. Russell M, Pool V, Kelso JM, Tomazic-Jezic VJ. Vaccination of persons allergic to latex: a review of safety data in the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS). Vaccine. 2004 16;23:664-7
- 13. DiMiceli L, Pool V, Kelso JM, Shadomy SV, Iskander J. VAERS Team. Vaccination of yeast sensitive individuals: review of safety data in the US Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS). Vaccine 2006;24:703–7.
- 14. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. In: Hamborsky J, Kroger A, Wolfe S, editors. Epidemiology and prevention of vaccine-preventable diseases. 13th ed Washington (DC): Public Health Foundation; 2015
- 15. Silcock R, Crawford NW, Perrett KP. Subcutaneous nodules: an important adverse event following immunization. Expert Rev Vaccines. 2019 ;18:405-10
- 16. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. In: Hamborsky J, Kroger A, Wolfe S, editors. Epidemiology and prevention of vaccine-preventable diseases. 13th ed Washington (DC): Public Health Foundation; 2015.
- 17. Leventhal JS, Berger EM, Brauer JA, Cohen DE. Hypersensitivity reactions to vaccine constituents: a case series and review of the literature. Dermatitis 2012;23:102–9.
- 18. Kattan JD, Konstantinou GN, Cox AL, Nowak-Węgrzyn A, Gimenez G, Sampson HA, et al. Anaphylaxis to diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis vaccines among children with cow’s milk allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011;128:215–8
- 19. ilsson L, Brockow K, Alm J, Cardona V, Caubet JC, Gomes E, Jenmalm MC, Lau S, Netterlid E, Schwarze J, Sheikh A, Storsaeter J, Skevaki C, Terreehorst I, Zanoni G. Vaccination and allergy: EAACI position paper, practical aspects. PediatrAllergy Immunol. 2017 ;28:628-40.
Toplam 19 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi |
| Bölüm | DERLEMELER / REVIEWS |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 23 Mart 2020 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2020 Sosyal Pediatri Özel Sayısı |