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Mediastinoskopi: Küçük Hücreli Dışı Akciğer Kanseri N-Evrelemesinde Hala Geçerli Mi Yoksa Değersiz Bir Yöntem Midir?

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 42 Sayı: 5, 496 - 503, 15.09.2020
https://doi.org/10.20515/otd.643685

Öz



Mediastinal lenf nodu metastazı, küçük hücreli dışı akciğer kanserinin
tedavisinde ve prognozunda önemli bir faktördür. Mediastinal lenf nodu
metastazının tespiti için en sık kullanılan pozitron emisyon tomografi (PET)
ile mediastinoskopinin karşılaştırılması yapıldı. PET’in mediastinal lenf nodu
metastazının saptanmasında altın standart olarak kullanılan mediastinoskopiye
alternatif bir yöntem olup olmadığı araştırıldı. Kliniğimizde 2012 ile 2017
yılları arasında küçük hücreli dışı akciğer kanseri tanısı alan 102 hasta
çalışmaya dahil edildi. Bu hastalardan alınan toplam 277 lenf nodu biyopsileri
histopatolojik sonuçları ve pozitron emisyon tomografisindeki tutulumları ile
karşılaştırıldı. PET’in negatif öngörücülük değeri %82,7, pozitif öngörücülük
değeri ise %69,5, duyarlılığı %66,6 iken özgüllüğü %84,5 olarak saptandı.
Sadece mediastinoskopi yapılan ve frozen sonucunda tutulum saptanmayan hastalarda
torakotomi ile yapılan lenf nodu diseksiyon sonuçları hastalar incelendiğinde
mediastinoskopinin negatif öngörücülük değeri %97 olarak saptandı.PET’de
tutulumu olmayan; 1 santimetreden küçük 46 adet istasyon ve 1 santimetreden
büyük 19 adet olmak üzere toplam 65 istasyon örneklendi. Bu lenf nodlarının
histopatolojik evrelemesinde metastaz saptanmadı. PET’inde mediastinal lenf
nodlarında tutulum olmayan hastalarda invaziv mediastinal lenf nodu
örneklemesinin gerekli değildir. Ancak gereksiz torakotomilerden korumak için,
PET’de mediastinal lenf nodlarının tutulumunun, malignite eşiğinin altında olsa
bile invaziv mediastinal lenf nodu örneklemesinin yapılması gerekmektedir

Kaynakça

  • 1. Yıldız O, Cangır AK, Kılıç D, et al. Importance of SUVmax threshold in positron emission tomography-computed tomography assessment of mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes in non-small cell lung cancer. Turk Gogus Kalp Dama 2016;24(2):333-9
  • 2. Metin M, Çıtak N, Büyükkale S, et al. Akciğer kanserinin mediastinal evrelemesinde mediastinoskopinin etkinliği yıllar geçtikçe artmakta mıdır? Turk Gogus Kalp Dama 2015;23(3):499-506
  • 3. Kandemir Z, Şentürk A, Özdemir E, et al. The Evaluation Of Hypermetabolic Mediastinal–Hilar Lymph Nodes Determined By Pet/Ct İn Pulmonary And Extrapulmonary Malignancies: Correlation With Ebus-Tbna Turk J Med Sci 2015;45:1234-42
  • 4. Öneş T, Erdil TY. Toraks Malignitelerinin Evreleme Ve Yeniden Evrelemesinde Pet Uygulamaları. Toraks Cerrahisi Bülteni 2015; 6: 180-91
  • 5. Erdoğan Y, Özyürek BA, Özmen Ö, et al. The Evaluation of FDG PET/CT Scan Findings in Patients with Organizing Pneumonia Mimicking Lung Cancer. Molecular Imaging and Radionuclide Therapy 2015;24(2): 60-65
  • 6. Shingyoji M, Nakajima T, Yoshino M, et al. Endobronchial Ultrasonography for Positron Emission Tomography and Computed Tomography–Negative Lymph Node Staging in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Ann Thorac Surg 2014;98:1762–8.
  • 7. Perigaud C, Bridji B, Roussel JC, et al. Prospective preoperative mediastinal lymph node staging by integrated positron emission tomography–computerised tomography in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery,2009;36:731-6
  • 8. Bury T, Dowlati A, Paulus P, et al. Whole-body 18FDG positron emission tomography in the staging of non-small cell lung cancer. Eur Respir J 1997;10:2529-34.
  • 9. Lee BE, Redwine J, Foster C, et al. Mediastinoscopy might not be necessary in patients with non-small cell lung cancer with mediastinal lymph nodes having a maximum standardized uptake value of less than 5.3. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2008;135:615-9.
  • 10. Perigaud C, Bridji B, Roussel JCet al. Prospective preoperative mediastinal lymph node staging by integrated positron emission tomography-computerised tomography in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2009;36:731-6.
  • 11. Nelson E, Pape C, Jørgensen OD, Olsen KE, Licht PB. Mediastinal staging for lung cancer: the influence of biopsy volume. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2010;37:26-9.
  • 12. Lemaire A, Nikolic I, Petersen T, et al. Nine-year single center experience with cervical mediastinoscopy: complications and false negative rate. Ann Thorac Surg 2006;82:1185-9.
  • 13. Detterbeck FC, Jantz MA, Wallace M, Vansteenkiste J, Silvestri GA. Invasive mediastinal staging of lung cancer: ACCP evidence-based clinical practice guidelines (2nd edition). Chest 2007;132:202-220.
  • 14. Billé A, Pelosi E, Skanjeti A, et al. Preoperative intrathoracic lymph node staging in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer: accuracy of integrated positron emission tomography and computed tomography. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2009;36:440-5.
  • 15. Al-Sarraf N, Aziz R, Gately K, et al. Pattern and predictors of occult mediastinal lymph node involvement in non-small cell lung cancer patients with negative mediastinal uptake on positron emission tomography. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2008;33:104-9.

Mediastinoscopy: A Depreciated or Still Viable Method For N-Staging of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer?

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 42 Sayı: 5, 496 - 503, 15.09.2020
https://doi.org/10.20515/otd.643685

Öz



This study compares the two
most frequently used methods, combined positron emission tomography-computed
tomography (PET/CT) and mediastinoscopy, in detecting mediastinal lymph node
metastases. It has been investigated whether PET/CT can be used as an
alternative method to mediastinoscopy which is considered the gold standard in
detecting mediastinal lymph node metastasis. Mediastinal lymph node metastasis
is an important factor in treatment and prognosis of non-small cell lung
cancer. A total of 102 patients diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer by
our clinic between 2012 and 2017, were enrolled in the study. In total 277
lymph nodes were compared with respect to their histopathologic results and
their involvement in positron emission tomography. Specificity value of PET/CT
was detected as 84.5% while its negative predictive value, positive predictive
value and sensitivity were 82.7%, 69.5% and 66.6%, respectively. In patients
who underwent only mediastinoscopy and whose frozen section samples did not
demonstrate any metastatic involvement, when histopathological results of lymph
node dissection performed by thoracotomy were analyzed, the negative predictive
value of mediastinoscopy was calculated as 97%. In total 65 stations including
46 stations smaller than 1 centimeter and 19 stations larger than 1 centimeter,
which did not demonstrate any uptake in PET/CT, were sampled. No metastasis was
detected in histopathologic staging of these lymph nodes. For patients who do
not demonstrate any uptake in mediastinal lymph nodes on PET/CT, invasive lymph
node sampling is redundant. However, with the aim of avoiding unnecessary
thoracotomies, invasive lymph node sampling is required, even though
mediastinal lymph node uptake detected with PET/CT is below the threshold of
malignancy.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Yıldız O, Cangır AK, Kılıç D, et al. Importance of SUVmax threshold in positron emission tomography-computed tomography assessment of mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes in non-small cell lung cancer. Turk Gogus Kalp Dama 2016;24(2):333-9
  • 2. Metin M, Çıtak N, Büyükkale S, et al. Akciğer kanserinin mediastinal evrelemesinde mediastinoskopinin etkinliği yıllar geçtikçe artmakta mıdır? Turk Gogus Kalp Dama 2015;23(3):499-506
  • 3. Kandemir Z, Şentürk A, Özdemir E, et al. The Evaluation Of Hypermetabolic Mediastinal–Hilar Lymph Nodes Determined By Pet/Ct İn Pulmonary And Extrapulmonary Malignancies: Correlation With Ebus-Tbna Turk J Med Sci 2015;45:1234-42
  • 4. Öneş T, Erdil TY. Toraks Malignitelerinin Evreleme Ve Yeniden Evrelemesinde Pet Uygulamaları. Toraks Cerrahisi Bülteni 2015; 6: 180-91
  • 5. Erdoğan Y, Özyürek BA, Özmen Ö, et al. The Evaluation of FDG PET/CT Scan Findings in Patients with Organizing Pneumonia Mimicking Lung Cancer. Molecular Imaging and Radionuclide Therapy 2015;24(2): 60-65
  • 6. Shingyoji M, Nakajima T, Yoshino M, et al. Endobronchial Ultrasonography for Positron Emission Tomography and Computed Tomography–Negative Lymph Node Staging in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Ann Thorac Surg 2014;98:1762–8.
  • 7. Perigaud C, Bridji B, Roussel JC, et al. Prospective preoperative mediastinal lymph node staging by integrated positron emission tomography–computerised tomography in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery,2009;36:731-6
  • 8. Bury T, Dowlati A, Paulus P, et al. Whole-body 18FDG positron emission tomography in the staging of non-small cell lung cancer. Eur Respir J 1997;10:2529-34.
  • 9. Lee BE, Redwine J, Foster C, et al. Mediastinoscopy might not be necessary in patients with non-small cell lung cancer with mediastinal lymph nodes having a maximum standardized uptake value of less than 5.3. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2008;135:615-9.
  • 10. Perigaud C, Bridji B, Roussel JCet al. Prospective preoperative mediastinal lymph node staging by integrated positron emission tomography-computerised tomography in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2009;36:731-6.
  • 11. Nelson E, Pape C, Jørgensen OD, Olsen KE, Licht PB. Mediastinal staging for lung cancer: the influence of biopsy volume. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2010;37:26-9.
  • 12. Lemaire A, Nikolic I, Petersen T, et al. Nine-year single center experience with cervical mediastinoscopy: complications and false negative rate. Ann Thorac Surg 2006;82:1185-9.
  • 13. Detterbeck FC, Jantz MA, Wallace M, Vansteenkiste J, Silvestri GA. Invasive mediastinal staging of lung cancer: ACCP evidence-based clinical practice guidelines (2nd edition). Chest 2007;132:202-220.
  • 14. Billé A, Pelosi E, Skanjeti A, et al. Preoperative intrathoracic lymph node staging in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer: accuracy of integrated positron emission tomography and computed tomography. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2009;36:440-5.
  • 15. Al-Sarraf N, Aziz R, Gately K, et al. Pattern and predictors of occult mediastinal lymph node involvement in non-small cell lung cancer patients with negative mediastinal uptake on positron emission tomography. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2008;33:104-9.
Toplam 15 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm ORİJİNAL MAKALELER / ORIGINAL ARTICLES
Yazarlar

Hakan Keskin 0000-0002-5736-5954

Şirin Akdeniz Baysal Bu kişi benim 0000-0001-5529-3654

Emel Gündüz 0000-0002-0306-9770

Makbule Ergin 0000-0002-4373-0009

Gülay Özbilim Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-9850-5976

Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Eylül 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 42 Sayı: 5

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver Keskin H, Akdeniz Baysal Ş, Gündüz E, Ergin M, Özbilim G. Mediastinoscopy: A Depreciated or Still Viable Method For N-Staging of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer?. Osmangazi Tıp Dergisi. 2020;42(5):496-503.


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