2019-2021 Yılları Arasında Bir Eğitim Araştırma Hastanesi İş ve Meslek Hastalıkları Polikliniğine Başvuran Olguların Özellikleri

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 45 Sayı: 3, 404 - 415, 23.05.2023

Elif Altundaş Hatman

Öz

İşle ilişkili hastalıklar ve kazalar günümüzde yüksek morbidite ve mortalite hızları nedeniyle önemli bir halk sağlığı sorunu olmaya devam etmektedir. Bu araştırmanın amacı bir eğitim ve araştırma hastanesinde, iş ve meslek hastalıkları polikliniğine başvuranların sosyodemografik özeliklerini, başvuru şekillerini, hastalık tanılarını, hastalık ile iş ilişkisini, meslek hastalığı (MH) ve işle ilgili hastalık (İİH) tanılı olgularda çalışılan iş kolu, yapılan iş, toplam çalışma süresi ve mesleki riskleri belirlemektir. Araştırma 1 Ekim 2019-30 Aralık 2021 tarihleri arasında tanı alan 576 olguyu içeren tanımlayıcı bir araştırmadır. Olguların %58,5’i MH şüphesiyle diğer poliklinikler veya yatan hasta servislerinden yönlendirilen, %23,8’i sosyal güvenlik merkezlerinden sevk edilen, %9,7’si Kovid-19 geçiren sağlık çalışanlarından maluliyet değerlendirmesi için başvuranlardı. Olguların %43,4’ünde [MH (%34,9), İİH (%8,5)] hastalık ile yapılan iş ilişkiliydi. Meslek hastalığı veya İİH tanılı olanların % 62,0’si en az bir solunum sistemi hastalığına sahipti. Olguların %25,6’sı mesleki/ işle ilgili hipersensitivite pnömonisi, %16,4’ü Kovid-19’a bağlı enfeksiyonlardı. Meslek hastalığı veya İİH olanların en çok karşılaştıkları mesleki riskler, fiziksel [organik (%26,4) ve inorganik tozlar (%22,8)] ve biyolojik risk faktörleriydi [virüsler (%17,6)]. En çok sağlık (%18), metal (%14,8), tekstil (%10,8) iş kolunda çalışıyorlar; en sık çifçilik (%9,6), kaynak işçiliği (%7,6), temizlik işçiliği (%6,8) yapıyorlardı. Araştırmamız dünya genelinde en çok tanısı konulan meslek hastalıkları olan solunum yolu hastalıklarına özel bir dal hastanesinde, Kovid-19 pandemisinde konulan hastalık tanı ve bildirimleri içeren bildiğimiz ilk çalışmadır. İşle ilişkili hastalıklardan interstisyel akciğer hastalıklarının ve Kovid-19 enfeksiyonunun ön plana çıkması; yapılan iş, hastalık ilişkisini değerlendirmede yetkin uzmanların ve iş ve meslek hastalıkları poliklinik hizmetlerine erişimin önemini göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

hipersensitivite pnömoniti, meslek hastalıkları, mesleki maruziyetler, COVID-19

Destekleyen Kurum

Yok

Proje Numarası

Yok

Teşekkür

Yok

Characteristics of the Cases who applied to the Occupational Medicine Outpatient Clinic of a Training and Research Hospital between 2019-2021

Öz

Work-related diseases (WRD) and accidents are continue to be an important public health problem due to high morbidity and mortality rates. The aim of the study is to determinate the sociodemographic characteristics, centers referring patients to the clinic, diagnosis, the relationship between the disease and job and job characteristics of the occupational disease (OD) and WRD. The descriptive study includes 576 cases diagnosed between October 1, 2019 and December 30, 2021. Most of the cases (58.5%) were referred from other clinics or inpatient services or social security centers (23.8%). Those who applied for disability assessment among health workers who had a Covid-19 infection were 9.7%. In 43.4% of the cases [OD (34.9%), WRD (8.5%)] the disease was associated with work. Most of the cases with an OD or WRD (62.0%) had at least one respiratory diseases [hypersensitivity pneumonia (25.6%), Covid-19 infection (16.4%)]. The most frequent risks encountered by those with OD or WRD were physical [organic (26.4%) and inorganic dusts (22.8%)] or biological risks [viruses (17.6%)]. They were work in health services (18.8%), metal (14.8%) or textile industry (10.8%). Most of them were farmers (9.6%), welders (7.6%) or cleaners (6.8%). The research is the first study, which includes the diagnosis and notification of occupational diseases in the Covid-19 Pandemic in a special branch hospital for respiratory diseases, those are the most diagnosed occupational diseases worldwide. The promince of interstitial lung diseases and Covid-19 infection among WRD shows the importance of qualified specialists on occupational medicine and access to OD clinics.

Anahtar Kelimeler

hypersensitivity pneumonitis, occupational diseases, occupational exposure, COVID-19

Proje Numarası

Yok

Kaynakça

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