Alerjik Hastalıkların Anksiyete, Depresyon ve Yaşam Kalitesi Açısından Karşılaştırılması

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 46 Sayı: 3, 436 - 446, 27.05.2024

Betül Özdel Öztürk , Mehmet Kayhan

https://doi.org/10.20515/otd.1459297

Öz

Alerjik hastalıklarda anksiyete ve depresyonun sık olduğu ve yaşam kalitesinin bozulduğu farklı çalışmalarda gösterilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, herhangi bir psikiyatrik tanısı olmayan astım, alerjik rinit (AR), ürtiker/anjioödem (Ü/A) ve ilaç alerjisi olan hastalarda anksiyete ve depresyon semptomlarını ve yaşam kalitesini değerlendirmek ve bu dört hastalık grubunu bu açılardan karşılaştırmaktı. Kesitsel nitelikte olan bu çalışmada hastaların sosyodemografik ve klinik özelliklerine ait veriler hasta kayıtlarından elde edildi. Anksiyete ve depresyon belirtilerini ve yaşam kalitesini ölçmek için Hastane Anksiyete Depresyon Ölçeği (HADS) ve Kısa Form 36 (SF-36) kullanıldı. Toplam 159 hasta çalışmaya dahil edildi. Hastalar astım (n=43, %27,1), AR (n=45, %28,3), Ü/A (n=44, %27,7) ve ilaç alerjisi (n=27, %17) olmak üzere dört gruba ayrıldı. Gruplar arasında, HADS anksiyete skoru ve SF-36 fiziksel fonksiyon alt skoru açısından anlamlı farklılık vardı (sırasıyla; p<0.001 ve p=0.001); HADS anksiyete skoru Ü/A grubunda anlamlı daha yüksekti ve SF-36 fiziksel fonksiyon alt skoru astımlı hastalarda daha düşüktü. Basamak 4 ve 5 tedavi alan astımlıların (n=22, %51,2) SF-36’nın fiziksel rol güçlüğü, emosyonel rol güçlüğü, sosyal işlevsellik alt skorları basamak 2 ve 3 tedavi alanlarınkine (n=21, %48,8) göre daha düşüktü (sırasıyla; p=0.001, p=0.031 ve p=0.005). Ürtiker/anjioödem grubunda, ürtiker aktivite skoru 7 ile HADS anksiyete skoru arasında pozitif bir korelasyon vardı (r:0.579, p<0.001) ve hafif (n=16, %36,4), orta (n=12, %27,3) ve ağır (n=16, %36,4) gruplar arasında HADS anksiyet skoru açısından farklılık vardı (p=0.002). Çalışmamız Ü/A hastalarının diğer alerjik hastalalıklara göre daha fazla anksiyete belirtilerine sahip olduğunu gösterdi. Hastalık aktivitesi ve ağırlığı ürtikerli hastalarda artmış ankiyete düzeyi ile astımlı hastalarda ise düşük yaşam kalitesi ile ilişkiliydi.

Anahtar Kelimeler

anksiyete, depresyon, yaşam kalitesi, alerjik hastalıklar, ürtiker, astım

Comparison of Allergic Diseases in terms of Anxiety, Depression and Quality of Life

Öz

Studies have shown the frequency of anxiety and depression and decreased quality of life (QoL) in patients with allergic diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate anxiety and depression symptoms and QoL in patients with asthma, allergic rhinitis (AR), urticaria/angioedema (U/A) and drug allergy without any psychiatric diagnosis and to compare these four diseases in these respects. In this cross-sectional study demographic and clinical characteristics were collected from patients’records. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Short Form 36 (SF-36) were used to assess anxiety and depression symptoms and QoL. A total of 159 patients were included in the study and grouped as asthma (n=43, 27.1%), AR (n=45, 28.3%), U/A (n=44, 27.7%) and drug allergy (n=27, 17%). There was a significant difference in HADS anxiety score and SF-36 physical functioning subscore (p<0.001 and p=0.001, respectively). HADS anxiety score was higher in the U/A group and SF-36 physical functioning was lower in asthma group. Among asthmatics, SF-36 subscores of physical role functioning, emotional role functioning, social role functioning were lower in the patients at step 4 and 5 (n=22, 51.2%) than in those at step 2 and 3 (n=21, 48.8%) (p=0.001, p=0.031 and p=0.005, recpectively). In the U/A group, there was a positive moderate correlation between the urticaria activity score 7 and the HADS anxiety score (r:0.579, p<0.001). Our study showed that U/A patients had more anxiety symptoms comparing to other allergic diseases. Disease activity and severity had a significant relationship with anxiety level in U/A patients and with QoL in asthmatics.

Anahtar Kelimeler

anxiety, depression, quality of life, allergic diseases, urticaria, asthma

Etik Beyan

The study was approved by Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University Noninterventional Clinical Research Ethical Committee (Decision no: 2024/48, Date: 5.3.2024 ).

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