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The Prediction And Prevention Of Spınal Anaesthesıa-Induced Hypotensıon With Perfusion İndex And The Effect Of Crystalloid

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 46 Sayı: 6, 923 - 932, 07.11.2024
https://doi.org/10.20515/otd.1553229

Öz

Hypotension is a dangerous and common problem for patients under spinal anesthesia. Spinal anesthesia-induced hypotension(SIH) is often arisen from heart rate decrease and venous blood pooling under the spinal block level because of sympathetic blockage. Prediction and prevention of hypotension will be beneficial for the patients' health under spinal blockage. For prediction, many parameters like perfusion index(PI) have been using. This study aims to research the correlation between the patients' hemodynamic parameters, perfusion indices before spinal block and SIH, and the effectiveness of crystalloid preload before spinal block to the usage of ephedrine. Records from 101 patients between 18-100 years age, who underwent surgery with spinal anesthesia were studied. We enroll patients demografical characteristics, ASA-score, sensory-blockage level, opereation period, the patients' position for spinal block, local anethesic form-dosage, blockage level, patients' hemodynamic and PI parameters in the surgery, hypotension time, efedrin first usage time and dosage from records. These results analyzed with t-test, Pearson-Chi-Square, Wilcoxon-signed-rank and Mann-Whitney-U test. SIH were seen in 25,7% of patients. The incidence of hypotension increases with age and block level. Any corelation between SIH and PI degrees before spinal block was not found, but MAP degrees before spinal block were significantly different in hypotension group. 10ml/kg cristaloid-preload was used 37,6% of patients. SIH was not prevented by cristaloid-preload and cristaloid-preload didn’t affect efedrine dosage-timing. Cristaloid-preload changed significantly patients heart rate and PI. In this study, we found that PI was not predictive factor for the development of SIH. Besides cristaloid-preload don’t avoid development of SIH.

Destekleyen Kurum

The authors declared that this study received no financial support.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Toyama S,KM,MM,MK,OH,TY,NT,SM Perfusion index derived from a pulse oximeter can predict the incidence of hypotension during spinal anaesthesia for Caesarean delivery. Br J Anaesth. 2013; 111(2): 235-41.
  • 2. Yokose M,MT,SY,GT. The predictive ability of non-invasive haemodynamic parameters for hypotension during caesarean section: a prospectiveobservational study. Anaesthesia. 2015 May; 70(5): 555-62.
  • 3. Butterworth J4PWJBL,DG,SR,CL. Augmentation of venous return by adrenergic agonists during spinal anesthesia. Anesth Analg. 1986; 65(6): 612-6.
  • 4. Carpenter R,CR,BD,SC,WR. Incidence and risk factors for side effects of spinal anesthesia. Anesthesiology. 1992; 76(6): 906-16.
  • 5. Limongi J,SdMLR. Cardiopulmonary arrest in spinal anesthesia. Rev Bras Anestesiol. 2011; 61(1): 110-20.
  • 6. Buggy D,HP,MC,OD,OF,MM. Prevention of Spinal Anesthesia-Induced Hypotension in the Elderly: Comparison Between Preanesthetic Administration of Crystalloids, Colloids, and No Prehydration. Anesth Analg. 1997; 84(1): 106-10.
  • 7. Critchley L,SJ,ST,GT. Haemodynamic effects of subarachnoid block in elderly patients. Br J Anaesth. 1994; 73(4): 464-70.
  • 8. Cyna A,AM,ER,MP,SS. https://www.cochranelibrary.com. [Online].: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews; 2006 [cited 2006 10 18. Available from: https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD002251.pub2/full.
  • 9. Klöhr S,RR,HT,RR,HM. Definitions of hypotension after spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section: literature search and application to parturients. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2010; 54(8): 909-21.
  • 10. McCrae A,WJ. Preventıon and treatment of hypotensıon durıng central neural block. Br J Anaesth. 1993; 70(6): 672-80.
  • 11. Rooke G,FP,JA. Hemodynamic response and change in organ blood volume during spinal anesthesia in elderly men with cardiac disease. Anesth Analg. 1997; 85(1): 99-105
  • 12. Nakasuji M,SS,NM,NM,IN,TM,NK. Hypotension from spinal anesthesia in patients aged greater than 80 years is due to a decrease in systemic vascular resistance. J Clin Anesth. 2012; 24(3): 201-6.
  • 13. Khan M,MA,IM,AM. Preload Versus Coload and Vasopressor Requirement for the Prevention of Spinal Anesthesia Induced Hypotension in Non-Obstetric Patients. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2015; 25(12): 851-5.
  • 14. Dumanlar Tan E,GB. Comparison of Maternal and Neonatal Effects of Combined Spinal Epidural Anaesthesia in Either the Sitting or Lateral Position During Elective Cesarean Section. Turk J Anaesthesiol Reanim. 2014; 42(1): 23-32.
  • 15. Obasuyi B,FOS,MC. A comparison of the haemodynamic effects of lateral and sitting positions during induction of spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section. Int J Obstet Anesth. 2013; 22(2): 124-8.
  • 16. Hemmingsen C,PJ,RA. Prophylactic ephedrine during spinal anaesthesia: double-blind study in patients in ASA groups I-III. 1989; 63(3): 340-2
  • 17. Varshney R,JG. Comparison of colloid preload versus coload under low dose spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery. 2013; 7(3): 376-80.
  • 18. Dahlgren G,GF,WH,IL. Prediction of hypotension during spinal anesthesia for cesarean section and its relation to the effect of crystalloid or colloid preload. 2007; 16(2): 128-34.
  • 19. Rout C,RD,LJ,GE,RD. A reevaluation of the role of crystalloid preload in the prevention of hypotension associated with spinal anesthesia for elective cesarean section. 1993; 79(2): 262-9.

Perfüzyon İndeks Ölçümü ile Spinal Bloğa Bağlı Gelişen Hipotansiyonun Öngörülmesi-Önlenmesi ve Buna Kristaloid Preloadunun Etkisi

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 46 Sayı: 6, 923 - 932, 07.11.2024
https://doi.org/10.20515/otd.1553229

Öz

Hipotansiyon, spinal anestezi altındaki hastalar için tehlikeli ve yaygın bir sorundur. Spinal anestezi kaynaklı hipotansiyon (SIH), genellikle sempatik blokaj nedeniyle kalp hızının azalması ve spinal blok seviyesinin altında venöz kan birikmesinden kaynaklanır. Hipotansiyonun tahmini ve önlenmesi, spinal blokaj altındaki hastaların sağlığı için faydalı olacaktır. Hipotansiyon tahmini için perfüzyon indeksi (PI) gibi birçok parametre kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, spinal blok uygulanan hastalarda blok öncesi perfüzyon indeks ile spinal blok sonrası gelişebilecek hipotansiyon arasındaki ilişki ve spinal blok öncesi iv sıvı verilmesinin spinal blok sonrası gelişebilecek hipotansiyonu önlemede ve operasyon sırasında hipotansiyon tedavisinde kullanılan efedrinin kullanımına olan etkisini değerlendirmek amaçlanmıştır. Spinal anestezi ile opere olan 18-100 yaş arasındaki 101 hastanın kayıtları incelendi. Hastaların demografik özellikleri, ASA skoru, duyusal blokaj seviyesi, operasyon süresi, spinal blok sırasında hastanın pozisyonu, lokal anestezik formu-dozu, blokaj seviyesi, operasyon sırasında hastanın hemodinamik ve PI parametreleri, hipotansiyon süresi, efedrinin ilk kullanım süresi ve dozu kayıtlardan edinildi. Bu sonuçlar t-testi, Pearson-Chi-Square, Wilcoxon-signed-rank ve Mann-Whitney-U testi ile analiz edildi. Hastaların %25,7’sinde SIH görüldü. Hipotansiyon insidansı yaş ve blok seviyesiyle birlikte artmaktadır. Spinal blok öncesi SIH ile PI değerleri arasında korelasyon bulunmadı, ancak spinal blok öncesi MAP değerleri hipotansiyon grubunda anlamlı olarak farklıydı. Hastaların %37,6’sında 10 ml/kg kristaloid preload uygulaması yapılmıştır. Kristaloid preload SIH’i önlemedi ve efedrin doz zamanlamasını etkilemedi. Kristaloid preload hastaların kalp hızını ve PI' sini önemli ölçüde değiştirdi. Bu çalışmada, PI' nin SIH gelişimi için öngörücü bir faktör olmadığını görüldü. Ayrıca kristaloid preloadunun SIH gelişimini engellemediği gözlemlendi.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Toyama S,KM,MM,MK,OH,TY,NT,SM Perfusion index derived from a pulse oximeter can predict the incidence of hypotension during spinal anaesthesia for Caesarean delivery. Br J Anaesth. 2013; 111(2): 235-41.
  • 2. Yokose M,MT,SY,GT. The predictive ability of non-invasive haemodynamic parameters for hypotension during caesarean section: a prospectiveobservational study. Anaesthesia. 2015 May; 70(5): 555-62.
  • 3. Butterworth J4PWJBL,DG,SR,CL. Augmentation of venous return by adrenergic agonists during spinal anesthesia. Anesth Analg. 1986; 65(6): 612-6.
  • 4. Carpenter R,CR,BD,SC,WR. Incidence and risk factors for side effects of spinal anesthesia. Anesthesiology. 1992; 76(6): 906-16.
  • 5. Limongi J,SdMLR. Cardiopulmonary arrest in spinal anesthesia. Rev Bras Anestesiol. 2011; 61(1): 110-20.
  • 6. Buggy D,HP,MC,OD,OF,MM. Prevention of Spinal Anesthesia-Induced Hypotension in the Elderly: Comparison Between Preanesthetic Administration of Crystalloids, Colloids, and No Prehydration. Anesth Analg. 1997; 84(1): 106-10.
  • 7. Critchley L,SJ,ST,GT. Haemodynamic effects of subarachnoid block in elderly patients. Br J Anaesth. 1994; 73(4): 464-70.
  • 8. Cyna A,AM,ER,MP,SS. https://www.cochranelibrary.com. [Online].: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews; 2006 [cited 2006 10 18. Available from: https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD002251.pub2/full.
  • 9. Klöhr S,RR,HT,RR,HM. Definitions of hypotension after spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section: literature search and application to parturients. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2010; 54(8): 909-21.
  • 10. McCrae A,WJ. Preventıon and treatment of hypotensıon durıng central neural block. Br J Anaesth. 1993; 70(6): 672-80.
  • 11. Rooke G,FP,JA. Hemodynamic response and change in organ blood volume during spinal anesthesia in elderly men with cardiac disease. Anesth Analg. 1997; 85(1): 99-105
  • 12. Nakasuji M,SS,NM,NM,IN,TM,NK. Hypotension from spinal anesthesia in patients aged greater than 80 years is due to a decrease in systemic vascular resistance. J Clin Anesth. 2012; 24(3): 201-6.
  • 13. Khan M,MA,IM,AM. Preload Versus Coload and Vasopressor Requirement for the Prevention of Spinal Anesthesia Induced Hypotension in Non-Obstetric Patients. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2015; 25(12): 851-5.
  • 14. Dumanlar Tan E,GB. Comparison of Maternal and Neonatal Effects of Combined Spinal Epidural Anaesthesia in Either the Sitting or Lateral Position During Elective Cesarean Section. Turk J Anaesthesiol Reanim. 2014; 42(1): 23-32.
  • 15. Obasuyi B,FOS,MC. A comparison of the haemodynamic effects of lateral and sitting positions during induction of spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section. Int J Obstet Anesth. 2013; 22(2): 124-8.
  • 16. Hemmingsen C,PJ,RA. Prophylactic ephedrine during spinal anaesthesia: double-blind study in patients in ASA groups I-III. 1989; 63(3): 340-2
  • 17. Varshney R,JG. Comparison of colloid preload versus coload under low dose spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery. 2013; 7(3): 376-80.
  • 18. Dahlgren G,GF,WH,IL. Prediction of hypotension during spinal anesthesia for cesarean section and its relation to the effect of crystalloid or colloid preload. 2007; 16(2): 128-34.
  • 19. Rout C,RD,LJ,GE,RD. A reevaluation of the role of crystalloid preload in the prevention of hypotension associated with spinal anesthesia for elective cesarean section. 1993; 79(2): 262-9.
Toplam 19 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Anesteziyoloji
Bölüm ORİJİNAL MAKALELER / ORIGINAL ARTICLES
Yazarlar

Erman Şen 0000-0001-8849-0603

Serdar Ekemen 0000-0002-9145-2891

Yayımlanma Tarihi 7 Kasım 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 20 Eylül 2024
Kabul Tarihi 7 Ekim 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 46 Sayı: 6

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver Şen E, Ekemen S. The Prediction And Prevention Of Spınal Anaesthesıa-Induced Hypotensıon With Perfusion İndex And The Effect Of Crystalloid. Osmangazi Tıp Dergisi. 2024;46(6):923-32.


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