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Oftalmoloji Onam Formlarında Okunabilirlik Zorlukları: Ateşman Formülü Kullanılarak Kapsamlı Bir Değerlendirme

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 47 Sayı: 6, 1048 - 1056, 26.09.2025
https://doi.org/10.20515/otd.1740658

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türk Oftalmoloji Derneği tarafından yayınlanan 45 bilgilendirilmiş gönüllü onam formunun dilsel ve yapısal karmaşıklığını kapsamlı bir şekilde değerlendirmektir. Metinlerin okunabilirlik düzeyini belirlemek için Türkçe için geliştirilen Ateşman okunabilirlik formülü kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca kelime sayısı, hece sayısı, cümle sayısı, karakter sayısı, cümle başına ortalama kelime sayısı, kelime başına ortalama hece sayısı ve tıbbi terim oranı gibi dilbilimsel ölçütler hesaplanmıştır. Analiz sonuçları, onay formlarının genel olarak düşük okunabilirlik seviyesine sahip olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Ateşman okunabilirlik formülüne göre elde edilen puanlar 24.12 ile 53.7 arasında değişmekte olup, metinlerin çoğunun “zor” (30-49 puan) veya “çok zor” (0-29 puan) okunabilirlik kategorilerinde yer aldığını göstermektedir. Bu durum, formların anlaşılabilmesi için genellikle lise, lisans veya daha yüksek (akademik/uzmanlık) bir eğitim düzeyi gerektirdiğini göstermektedir. Düşük okunabilirliğe katkıda bulunan dilsel faktörler tespit edilmiştir. Formlardaki tıbbi terimlerin yoğunluğu %4.82 ile %16.8 arasında değişen oranlarda yüksek bulunmuştur. İncelenen formlarda cümle başına düşen ortalama kelime sayısı 13.88 ile 26.83 arasında değişmekte olup standart Türkçe metinler için önerilen 9-10 kelime ortalamasının oldukça üzerindedir. Kelime başına ortalama hece sayısı 2.67 ile 3.19 arasında değişmekte olup, Türkçe için tipik kabul edilen 2.6-2.8 heceden daha yüksektir ve teknik ve tıbbi kelimelerin baskınlığını yansıtmaktadır. Sonuç olarak, bilgilendirilmiş onam formları, içerdikleri yüksek tıbbi terim yoğunluğu ve karmaşık cümle yapıları nedeniyle genel okuyucu kitlesi için “zor” veya “çok zor” metinlerdir.

Proje Numarası

yok

Kaynakça

  • 1. Ebem E, Tutar MS, Yildiz M, Canitez A, Kara Ö, Kozanhan B. Evaluation of the Readability of Informed Consent Forms for Intravenous and Intramuscular Injections. Anadolu Clinic Journal of Medical Sciences. 2019;24(2):132-6.
  • 2. Oktay EA. Informed consent for orthopedic and traumatology procedures. TOTBID Journal. 2020;19.
  • 3. Özlü ZK, KiliÇ M, Yayla A. Examination of Patients' Knowledge Level Regarding Surgical Informed Consent. Journal of Health Sciences and Professions. 2015;2(3).
  • 4. Turkish Medical Association/ Specialty Associations Coordination Committee. Informed Consent Guide 2013 [Available from: https://www.ttb.org.tr/mevzuat_goster.php?Guid=78a19f94-a285-11e7-9205-300896da83fe.
  • 5. Ekici Ö, Mahfozi F. Assessment of the Readability of Informed Consent Forms Used in an Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinic. Journal of International Dental Sciences. 2025;11(1):32-40.
  • 6. Sönmez MG, Taşkapu HH, Sönmez LÖ, Ayrancı MK, Kozanhan B, Evrin T, et al. Is There a Difference in the Readability of Informed Consent Forms Used for Elective Urology and Emergency Medicine Procedures in Turkey? General Medicine Journal. 2020;30(3):151-6.
  • 7. Ateşman E. Measuring readability in Turkish. Language Journal. 1997;58(71-74).
  • 8. Boztaş N, Özbilgin Ş, Öçmen E, Altuntaş G, Özkardeşler S, Hancı V, et al. Evaluating the Readibility of Informed Consent Forms Available Before Anaesthesia: A Comparative Study. Turk J Anaesthesiol Reanim. 2014;42(3):140-4.
  • 9. Ay İE, DuranoĞLu Y. Evaluation of the readability level of eye drop leaflets. Anadolu Clinic Journal of Medical Sciences. 2022;27(1):55-9.
  • 10. Ay IE, Doğan M. An Evaluation of the Comprehensibility Levels of Ophthalmology Surgical Consent Forms. Cureus. 2021;13(7):e16639.
  • 11. TOA. Consent forms 2025 [Available from: https://www.todnet.org/html/onamformlari.asp.
  • 12. Akpınar A, Özcan M, Ülker D, Öksüzler O. Ethical Assessment of Blank Consent Forms for Medical Interventions in a Training and Research Hospital in Turkey. Bezmiâlem Science. 2018;6(4):294-300.
  • 13. Dural İE. Are Consent Forms Used in Cardiology Clinics Easy to Read? Turkish Cardiology Association Archive. 2022;50(8):590-4.
  • 14. Turkish Statistical Institute. National Education Statistics 2024 2025 [Available from: https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=National-Education-Statistics-2024-53937.
  • 15. Friedman DB, Hoffman-Goetz L. A systematic review of readability and comprehension instruments used for print and web-based cancer information. Health Educ Behav. 2006;33(3):352-73.
  • 16. Yusof M, Teo CH, Ng CJ. Electronic informed consent criteria for research ethics review: a scoping review. BMC Med Ethics. 2022;23(1):117.
  • 17. Coskun B, Kaya ST, Aydin YM, İfşa İ, Çorabay S, Kılıçarslan H. Comparison of Understanding and Recall of Informed Consent Information in Written and Video Formats: A Focus on Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery. Endourology Bulletin. 2023;15(3):85-93.
  • 18. Yıldırım G, KadıoğLu S, Alan S, Altıparmak S. Comparing the contribution of long and short text informed consent forms to volunteers' level of understanding in the context of obtaining medical information: A pilot study. TSK Preventive Medicine Bulletin. 2011;10(6):707-14.
  • 19. Can HY, Yigit Y, Yüzbaşıoğlu E. Are Informed Consent Forms Used in Eye Clinics Adequate? Forensic Medicine Bulletin. 2022;27(2):157-61.
  • 20. Vural Ç, Bozkurt P. Do Our Patients Read Informed Consent Forms? Turkish Clinics Journal of Medical Ethics and Law History. 2019;27(3):179-85.

Readability Challenges in Ophthalmology Consent Forms: A Comprehensive Assessment Using the Ateşman Formula

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 47 Sayı: 6, 1048 - 1056, 26.09.2025
https://doi.org/10.20515/otd.1740658

Öz

This study aims to comprehensively evaluate the linguistic and structural complexity of 45 informed consent forms published by the Turkish Ophthalmological Association. The Ateşman readability formula developed for Turkish was used to determine the readability level of the texts. In addition, linguistic metrics such as word count, syllable count, sentence count, character count, average word count per sentence, average syllable count per word, and medical term ratio were calculated. The results of the analysis revealed that the consent forms generally had low readability levels. The scores obtained according to the Ateşman readability formula ranged from 24.12 to 53.7, indicating that most of the texts were in the “difficult” (30-49 points) or “very difficult” (0-29 points) readability categories. This suggests that the forms generally require a high school, undergraduate or higher (academic/specialized) level of education to be understood. Linguistic factors contributing to low readability were identified. The density of medical terms in the forms was found to be high, ranging from 4.82% to 16.8%. The average number of words per sentence in the analyzed forms ranged from 13.88 to 26.83, well above the average of 9-10 words recommended for standard Turkish texts. The average number of syllables per word ranged from 2.67 to 3.19, higher than the 2.6-2.8 syllables considered typical for Turkish, reflecting the dominance of technical and medical vocabulary. In conclusion, informed consent forms are “difficult” or “very difficult” texts for the general readership due to their high density of medical terms and complex sentence structures

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışma, kamuya açık bilgilendirilmiş onam formlarının metinsel analizine odaklandığından ve insan deneklerle doğrudan etkileşim içermediğinden, etik kurul onayı gerekli olmamıştır.

Destekleyen Kurum

yok

Proje Numarası

yok

Teşekkür

yok

Kaynakça

  • 1. Ebem E, Tutar MS, Yildiz M, Canitez A, Kara Ö, Kozanhan B. Evaluation of the Readability of Informed Consent Forms for Intravenous and Intramuscular Injections. Anadolu Clinic Journal of Medical Sciences. 2019;24(2):132-6.
  • 2. Oktay EA. Informed consent for orthopedic and traumatology procedures. TOTBID Journal. 2020;19.
  • 3. Özlü ZK, KiliÇ M, Yayla A. Examination of Patients' Knowledge Level Regarding Surgical Informed Consent. Journal of Health Sciences and Professions. 2015;2(3).
  • 4. Turkish Medical Association/ Specialty Associations Coordination Committee. Informed Consent Guide 2013 [Available from: https://www.ttb.org.tr/mevzuat_goster.php?Guid=78a19f94-a285-11e7-9205-300896da83fe.
  • 5. Ekici Ö, Mahfozi F. Assessment of the Readability of Informed Consent Forms Used in an Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinic. Journal of International Dental Sciences. 2025;11(1):32-40.
  • 6. Sönmez MG, Taşkapu HH, Sönmez LÖ, Ayrancı MK, Kozanhan B, Evrin T, et al. Is There a Difference in the Readability of Informed Consent Forms Used for Elective Urology and Emergency Medicine Procedures in Turkey? General Medicine Journal. 2020;30(3):151-6.
  • 7. Ateşman E. Measuring readability in Turkish. Language Journal. 1997;58(71-74).
  • 8. Boztaş N, Özbilgin Ş, Öçmen E, Altuntaş G, Özkardeşler S, Hancı V, et al. Evaluating the Readibility of Informed Consent Forms Available Before Anaesthesia: A Comparative Study. Turk J Anaesthesiol Reanim. 2014;42(3):140-4.
  • 9. Ay İE, DuranoĞLu Y. Evaluation of the readability level of eye drop leaflets. Anadolu Clinic Journal of Medical Sciences. 2022;27(1):55-9.
  • 10. Ay IE, Doğan M. An Evaluation of the Comprehensibility Levels of Ophthalmology Surgical Consent Forms. Cureus. 2021;13(7):e16639.
  • 11. TOA. Consent forms 2025 [Available from: https://www.todnet.org/html/onamformlari.asp.
  • 12. Akpınar A, Özcan M, Ülker D, Öksüzler O. Ethical Assessment of Blank Consent Forms for Medical Interventions in a Training and Research Hospital in Turkey. Bezmiâlem Science. 2018;6(4):294-300.
  • 13. Dural İE. Are Consent Forms Used in Cardiology Clinics Easy to Read? Turkish Cardiology Association Archive. 2022;50(8):590-4.
  • 14. Turkish Statistical Institute. National Education Statistics 2024 2025 [Available from: https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=National-Education-Statistics-2024-53937.
  • 15. Friedman DB, Hoffman-Goetz L. A systematic review of readability and comprehension instruments used for print and web-based cancer information. Health Educ Behav. 2006;33(3):352-73.
  • 16. Yusof M, Teo CH, Ng CJ. Electronic informed consent criteria for research ethics review: a scoping review. BMC Med Ethics. 2022;23(1):117.
  • 17. Coskun B, Kaya ST, Aydin YM, İfşa İ, Çorabay S, Kılıçarslan H. Comparison of Understanding and Recall of Informed Consent Information in Written and Video Formats: A Focus on Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery. Endourology Bulletin. 2023;15(3):85-93.
  • 18. Yıldırım G, KadıoğLu S, Alan S, Altıparmak S. Comparing the contribution of long and short text informed consent forms to volunteers' level of understanding in the context of obtaining medical information: A pilot study. TSK Preventive Medicine Bulletin. 2011;10(6):707-14.
  • 19. Can HY, Yigit Y, Yüzbaşıoğlu E. Are Informed Consent Forms Used in Eye Clinics Adequate? Forensic Medicine Bulletin. 2022;27(2):157-61.
  • 20. Vural Ç, Bozkurt P. Do Our Patients Read Informed Consent Forms? Turkish Clinics Journal of Medical Ethics and Law History. 2019;27(3):179-85.
Toplam 20 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Sağlığın Geliştirilmesi
Bölüm ORİJİNAL MAKALELER / ORIGINAL ARTICLES
Yazarlar

İrfan Uzun 0000-0001-6900-6337

Proje Numarası yok
Yayımlanma Tarihi 26 Eylül 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 11 Temmuz 2025
Kabul Tarihi 16 Eylül 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 47 Sayı: 6

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver Uzun İ. Readability Challenges in Ophthalmology Consent Forms: A Comprehensive Assessment Using the Ateşman Formula. Osmangazi Tıp Dergisi. 2025;47(6):1048-56.


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