Food Insecurity in Relation to Sustainable and Healthy Eating Behaviors and Obesity in Türkiye

Öz

Objective: This study aims to determine food insecurity (FI) in relation to sustainable and healthy eating behaviors and obesity in Türkiye. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted between March and May 2023 in Samsun, Türkiye and included 461 people (67.0% women; aged 19 years and over). Data were collected via the online survey method. Using self-reported body weight (kg) and height (m), obesity was determined based on BMI ≥30 kg/m2. The Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES) and Sustainable and Healthy Eating Behaviors Scale (SHEBS) were administered. Results: The rate of FI was 42.5% and was higher in individuals aged 19–34 years (50.9%) than in individuals aged 35–49 years (36.4%) and 65+ years (34.0%) (p=0.03). FI was associated with a lower risk of obesity in the unadjusted model (p=0.005). After adjusting for gender, age, marital status and education degree, FI was no longer significantly associated with obesity (p=0.07) and was not associated with SHEBS score (p=0.61). Conclusions: This study suggests that FI is not related to sustainable and healthy eating behaviors and obesity in this population. More studies investigating FI at the individual level in larger populations in Türkiye and the environmental and health impacts of FI are needed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Diet
• environmental health
• food insecurity
• hunger
• sustainable development

Türkiye'de Besin Güvencesizliğinin Sürdürülebilir ve Sağlıklı Beslenme Davranışları ve Obezite ile İlişkisi

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışma, Türkiye'de besin güvencesizliğinin (BG) sürdürülebilir ve sağlıklı beslenme davranışları ve obezite ile ilişkisini belirlemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Materyal ve Metot: Çalışma Mart-Mayıs 2023 tarihleri arasında Samsun'da (Türkiye) gerçekleştirilmiş ve 461 bireyi (%67,0 kadın; 19 yaş ve üzeri) kapsamıştır. Veriler çevrimiçi anket yöntemiyle toplanmıştır. Bireylerin kendi bildirdikleri vücut ağırlığı (kg) ve boy uzunluğu (m) bilgileri kullanılarak, obezite BKİ ≥30 kg/m2 olarak belirlenmiştir. Gıda Güvencesizliği Deneyim Ölçeği (GGDÖ) ve Sürdürülebilir ve Sağlıklı Beslenme Davranışları Ölçeği (SSBDÖ) uygulanmıştır. Bulgular: BG oranı %42,5'tir ve 19-34 yaş arası bireylerde (%50,9), 35-49 yaş arası (%36,4) ve 65 yaş üstü (%34,0) bireylere göre daha yüksektir (p=0,03). BG, düzeltilmemiş modelde daha düşük obezite riski ile ilişkilendirilmiştir (p=0,005). Cinsiyet, yaş, medeni durum ve eğitim derecesi için düzeltme yapıldıktan sonra, BG ile obezite (p=0,07) ve SSBDÖ puanı arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmamıştır (p=0,61). Sonuç: Bu çalışma, BG'nin bu popülasyonda sürdürülebilir ve sağlıklı beslenme davranışları ve obezite ile ilişkili olmadığını göstermektedir. Türkiye'de daha geniş popülasyonlarda bireysel düzeyde BG'yi ve BG'nin çevresel ve sağlık etkilerini araştıran daha fazla çalışmaya ihtiyaç vardır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Açlık
• besin güvencesizliği
• çevre sağlığı
• diyet
• sürdürülebilir kalkınma

Kaynakça

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