Araştırma Makalesi

The Effect of Cold Application After Episiotomy on Wound Healing, Pain, and Postpartum Comfort: Quasi-Experimental Study

Cilt: 11 Sayı: 3 15 Eylül 2026
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The Effect of Cold Application After Episiotomy on Wound Healing, Pain, and Postpartum Comfort: Quasi-Experimental Study

Öz

Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of cold application performed using a cold gel pad on wound healing, pain, and postpartum comfort in women who underwent episiotomy. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted with a quasi-experimental design involving 102 women who underwent episiotomy during vaginal delivery (51 experimental, 51 control). A cold gel pad was applied to the experimental group, while the control group received routine postpartum care. Changes in REEDA Scale and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores were measured at 0, 1, and 2 hours, and the PCQ was assessed at the 2-hour time point. REEDA and VAS scores were analyzed using Two-Way Mixed Analysis of Variance (Mixed ANOVA), while PCQ scores were analyzed using Student’s t-test. Results: Significant group time interactions were found for REEDA (F=16.985, p<0.001, partial η²=0.145) and VAS scores (F=35.962, p<0.001, partial η²=0.264), indicating greater reductions over time in the experimental group. At the 2-hour assessment, the total PCQ score was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group (124.70±8.20 vs 120.33±8.74; p=0.011). Psychospiritual (p=0.025) and sociocultural comfort scores (p=0.015) were also significantly higher in the experimental group, whereas physical comfort scores did not differ significantly between the groups (p=0.088). Conclusion: Cold therapy following an episiotomy reduced REEDA scores and pain levels during the early postpartum period and improved postpartum comfort scores. This practice may be considered as part of routine postpartum care.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Etik Beyan

Balıkesir University Faculty of Medicine Clinical Research Ethics Committee (Date: 24.02. 2021, decision no: 2021/48). Permission to conduct the research was obtained from the Balıkesir Provincial Health Directorate (Date:06.05.2021, decision no:140570260). The purpose of the study was explained to the women, and written informed consent was obtained.

Kaynakça

  1. 1. Dharmasiri ADU, De Silva DKM, Madhavi AVP. Assessing the quality of life of postpartum mothers with episiotomy in the first six post-partum weeks: a descriptive cross-sectional study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2025;25(1):522. doi:10.1186/s12884-025-07645-6
  2. 2. Ghulmiyyah L, Sinno S, Mirza F, Finianos E, Nassar AH. Episiotomy: history, present and future-a review. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2022;35(7):1386-1391. doi:10.1080/14767058.2020.1755647
  3. 3. Gondim EJL, do Nascimento SL, Gaitero MVC, de Mira TAA, Surita FG. Non-pharmacological interventions for perineal trauma in the postpartum period: a scoping review. Midwifery. 2025;144:104341. doi:10.1016/j.midw.2025.104341
  4. 4. Solt Kirca A, Korkut Oksuz S, Murat N. The effect of cold application on episiotomy pain: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. J Clin Nurs. 2022;31:559-568. doi:10.1111/jocn.15912
  5. 5. Augustino J, Moshi F, Joho A, Mageda K. The effectiveness of perineal cold pack application on postpartum perineal pain and timely breastfeeding initiation among women after spontaneous vaginal delivery in Dodoma region: A randomized control clinical trial (RCCT) research protocol. Medicine: Case Reports and Study Protocols. 2024;5(1):e00308. doi:10.1097/MD9.0000000000000308
  6. 6. Bilgin Z, Komurcu N. Uterus masajlarının kadınların postpartum ağrı şiddetini algılamasındaki etkisi. Zeynep Kamil Tıp Bülteni. 2016;47(2):39-44. doi:10.16948/zktb.86700
  7. 7. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı. Ebelik Yönetmeliği. Resmî Gazete. https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/mevzuat?MevzuatNo=41084&MevzuatTur=&MevzuatTertip=5. Accessed June 20, 2026.
  8. 8. Kim H-J, An J-W, Lee Y, Shin Y-S. The effects of cryotherapy on perineal pain after childbirth: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Midwifery. 2020;89:102788. doi:10.1016/j.midw.2020.102788

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Doğumun Psikososyal Yönleri ve Perinatal Ruh Sağlığı, Ebelik (Diğer), Doğum ve Kadın Hastalıkları Hemşireliği

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yayımlanma Tarihi

15 Eylül 2026

Gönderilme Tarihi

19 Kasım 2025

Kabul Tarihi

15 Ağustos 2026

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2026 Cilt: 11 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA
Çevik, E., Çetinkaya, S., Kilıç, H., Karamüftüoğlu, D., & Dinçer Tuna, S. (2026). The Effect of Cold Application After Episiotomy on Wound Healing, Pain, and Postpartum Comfort: Quasi-Experimental Study. Online Turkish Journal of Health Sciences, 11(3), 255-263. https://doi.org/10.26453/otjhs.1823821
AMA
1.Çevik E, Çetinkaya S, Kilıç H, Karamüftüoğlu D, Dinçer Tuna S. The Effect of Cold Application After Episiotomy on Wound Healing, Pain, and Postpartum Comfort: Quasi-Experimental Study. OTSBD. 2026;11(3):255-263. doi:10.26453/otjhs.1823821
Chicago
Çevik, Esra, Serap Çetinkaya, Hafize Kilıç, Devrim Karamüftüoğlu, ve Serpil Dinçer Tuna. 2026. “The Effect of Cold Application After Episiotomy on Wound Healing, Pain, and Postpartum Comfort: Quasi-Experimental Study”. Online Turkish Journal of Health Sciences 11 (3): 255-63. https://doi.org/10.26453/otjhs.1823821.
EndNote
Çevik E, Çetinkaya S, Kilıç H, Karamüftüoğlu D, Dinçer Tuna S (01 Eylül 2026) The Effect of Cold Application After Episiotomy on Wound Healing, Pain, and Postpartum Comfort: Quasi-Experimental Study. Online Turkish Journal of Health Sciences 11 3 255–263.
IEEE
[1]E. Çevik, S. Çetinkaya, H. Kilıç, D. Karamüftüoğlu, ve S. Dinçer Tuna, “The Effect of Cold Application After Episiotomy on Wound Healing, Pain, and Postpartum Comfort: Quasi-Experimental Study”, OTSBD, c. 11, sy 3, ss. 255–263, Eyl. 2026, doi: 10.26453/otjhs.1823821.
ISNAD
Çevik, Esra - Çetinkaya, Serap - Kilıç, Hafize - Karamüftüoğlu, Devrim - Dinçer Tuna, Serpil. “The Effect of Cold Application After Episiotomy on Wound Healing, Pain, and Postpartum Comfort: Quasi-Experimental Study”. Online Turkish Journal of Health Sciences 11/3 (01 Eylül 2026): 255-263. https://doi.org/10.26453/otjhs.1823821.
JAMA
1.Çevik E, Çetinkaya S, Kilıç H, Karamüftüoğlu D, Dinçer Tuna S. The Effect of Cold Application After Episiotomy on Wound Healing, Pain, and Postpartum Comfort: Quasi-Experimental Study. OTSBD. 2026;11:255–263.
MLA
Çevik, Esra, vd. “The Effect of Cold Application After Episiotomy on Wound Healing, Pain, and Postpartum Comfort: Quasi-Experimental Study”. Online Turkish Journal of Health Sciences, c. 11, sy 3, Eylül 2026, ss. 255-63, doi:10.26453/otjhs.1823821.
Vancouver
1.Esra Çevik, Serap Çetinkaya, Hafize Kilıç, Devrim Karamüftüoğlu, Serpil Dinçer Tuna. The Effect of Cold Application After Episiotomy on Wound Healing, Pain, and Postpartum Comfort: Quasi-Experimental Study. OTSBD. 01 Eylül 2026;11(3):255-63. doi:10.26453/otjhs.1823821

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