Fighting Coronavirus Pandemic the Indian Way

Yıl 2020, , 394 - 399, 30.06.2020

Gurmeet Sıngh Sarla

https://doi.org/10.26453/otjhs.723829

Öz

COVID-19 may manifest with a diverse clinical spectrum from being asymptomatic to clinical conditions characterized by respiratory failure. The treatment of the illness is for the most part supportive as oxygen supplementation, non-invasive ventilation and in extreme cases, mechanical ventilation. No effective antiviral drugs or vaccine against the disease is available at the moment. Isolation, social distancing, remaining indoors, maintaining a strategic distance from mass get-togethers are the basic, practical, affordable methods for battling the spread of the infection which India is following and would like to have a great result. There is a great deal of debate about the use of mask and the issue has been deliberated upon. Non pharmacological measures like hand cleanliness, utilization of soap and water to wash hands, utilization of hand sanitizer, the psychological impacts of the lock-down and the options being explored for treatment of this infection have been discussed in this review study from an Indian perspective.  

Anahtar Kelimeler

Coronavirus, face mask, hand hygiene, hand sanitizer, social distancing

Hindistan'ın Coronavirus Salgını ile Mücadele Yolu

Öz

COVID-19, asemptomatik olmayandan solunum yetmezliği tanısı konan klinik durumlara kadar çeşitli derecelerle kendini gösterebilir. Hastalığın tedavisi çoğunlukla oksijen takviyesi, invaziv olmayan ventilasyon ve ağır durumlarda ise mekanik ventilasyon uygulanması şeklindedir. Şu anda hastalığa karşı etkili bir antiviral ilaç veya aşı mevcut değildir. Enfeksiyonun yayılmasıyla mücadele için izolasyon, sosyal uzaklaşma, iç mekanda kalma, kitle buluşmalarından stratejik olarak mesafeyi koruma Hindistan'ın takip ettiği ve etkili sonuç almak istediği temel, pratik ve uygun yöntemlerdir. Burada maske kullanımı hakkında büyük bir tartışma bulunmaktadır ve bu konu üzerinde durulmaktadır. Bu derleme çalışmada el temizliği, elleri yıkamak için sabun ve su kullanımı, el dezenfektanı kullanımı, iç mekanda kalmanın psikolojik etkileri gibi farmakolojik olmayan önlemler ve bu enfeksiyonun tedavisi için araştırılan seçenekleri Hint perspektifinden tartışılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Koronavirüs, el dezenfektanı, el hijyeni, sosyal mesafe, yüz maskesi

Kaynakça

• 1. Singh Sarla G. COVID 19: Myths and Facts. Journal of Research & Review: Management of Emergency and Trauma Nursing. 2020;2(2):5–8. doi: 10.5281/zenodo.3742655
• 2. Singhal T. A Review of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19). Indian J Pediatr. 2020;87(4):281-286. doi: 10.1007/s12098-020-03263-6
• 3. Li Q, Guan X, Wu P, et al. Early Transmission Dynamics in Wuhan, China, of Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia. N. Engl. J. Med. 2020;382(13):1199-1207.
• 4. Bauch CT, Lloyd-Smith JO, Coffee MP, Galvani AP. Dynamically modeling SARS and other newly emerging respiratory illnesses: past, present, and future. Epidemiology. 2005;16(6):791-801.
• 5. Chen Y, Liu Q, Guo D. Emerging coronaviruses: Genome structure, replication, and pathogenesis. J. Med. Virol. 2020;92(4):418-423.
• 6. Lu S, Lin J, Zhang Z, et al. Alert for non-respiratory symptoms of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients in epidemic period: A case report of familial cluster with three asymptomatic COVID-19 patients. J Med Virol. 2020. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.25776
• 7. WHO; 2020. WHO Director-General's opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19.Available: https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19-16-mar-2020 Accessed on 25 Mar, 2020.
• 8. Carter LJ, Garner LV, Smoot JW, et al. Assay Techniques and Test Development for COVID-19 Diagnosis. ACS Cent Sci. 2020;6(5):591-605. doi:10.1021/acscentsci.0c00501
• 9. Singh Sarla G. Coronavirus Pandemic: An Indian Perspective. Journal of Research & Review: Management of Cardiovascular and Orthopedic Complications. 2020;2(2):1–4. doi: 10.5281/zenodo.3760546
• 10. Day T, Park A, Madras N, Gumel A, Wu J. When is quarantine a useful control strategy for emerging infectious diseases? Am J Epidemiol. 2006;163(5):479-85.
• 11. https://www.mohfw.gov.in Accessed on 25 Mar, 2020.
• 12. Lamba I. Why India needs to extend the nationwide. Am J Emerg Med. 2020;S0735-6757(20)30254-0. doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2020.04.026.
• 13. Singh R, Adhikari R. Age-structured impact of social distancing on the COVID-19 epidemic in India. arXiv. 2003:12055. 2020.
• 14. Glass RJ, Glass LM, Beyeler WE, Min HJ. Targeted social distancing design for pandemic influenza. Emerg Infect Dis. 2006;12(11):1671– 1681. doi:10.3201/eid1211.060255.
• 15. Borghesi A, Stronati M. Strategies for the prevention of hospital-acquired infections in the neonatal intensive care unit. J Hosp Infect. 2008;68(4):293–300.
• 16. Ma QX, Shan H, Zhang HL, et al. Potential utilities of mask-wearing and instant hand hygiene for fighting SARS-CoV-2. J Med Virol. 2020. doi: 10.1002/jmv.25805
• 17. Boyce JM, Pittet D. Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee, HICPAC/SHEA/APIC/IDSA Hand Hygiene Task Force Guideline for hand hygiene in health-care settings. Recommendations of the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee and the HICPAC/SHEA/APIC/IDSA Hand Hygiene Task Force. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2002;51(RR-16):1-45.
• 18. Garg S, Bhatnagar N, Gangadharan N. A Case for Participatory Disease Surveillance of the COVID-19 Pandemic in India. JMIR Public Health Surveill. 2020;6(2). doi: 10.2196/18795
• 19. Shi Y, Wang Y, Shao C, et al. COVID-19 infection: the perspectives on immune responses. Cell Death Differ. 2020;27(5):1451‐1454. doi:10.1038/s41418-020-0530-3
• 20. Singh AK, Singh A, Shaikh A, Singh R, Misra A. Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of COVID-19 with or without diabetes: A systematic search and a narrative review with a special reference to India and other developing countries. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2020;14(3):241-246. doi: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.03.011
• 21. Chilvers M.A, McKean M, Rutman A, et al. The effects of coronavirus on human nasal ciliated respiratory epithelium. Eur. Respir. J. 2001;18:965–970.
• 22. Brown AJ, Won JJ, Graham RL et al. The Broad Spectrum Antiviral remdesivir inhibits Human endemic and zoonotic deltacoronaviruses A Highly divergent an RNA with an RNA Polymerase dependent. Antiviral Res. 2019;169:104 541.
• 23. Holshue ML, DeBolt C, Lindquist S, et al. First case of 2019 novel coronavirus in the United States. N Engl J Med. 2020;382:929-936.
• 24. Chu CM, Cheng VCC, et al. Role of lopinavir/ritonavir in the treatment of SARS: Initial virological and clinical findings. Thorax. 2004;59:252-256.
• 25. Delang L, Abdelnabi R, Neyts J. Favipiravir as a potential countermeasure against neglected and emerging RNA viruses. Antiviral Res. 2018;153:85-94.
• 26. Furuta Y, Komeno T, Nakamura T. Favipiravir (T-705), a broad spectrum inhibitor of viral RNA polymerase. Proc Jpn Acad, Ser B Phys Biol Sci. 2017;93:449-463.
• 27. Gao J, Tian Z, Yang X . Breakthrough: Chloroquine phosphate has shown apparent efficacy in treatment of COVID-19 associated pneumonia in clinical studies. Biosci Trends. 2020;14(1):72-73.
• 28. Mair-Jenkins J , Saavedra-Campos M , Baillie JK , et al .The effectiveness of convalescent plasma and hyperimmune immunoglobulin for the treatment of severe acute respiratory infections of viral etiology: a systematic review and exploratory meta-analysis. J Infect Dis. 2015,211(1):80-90. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiu396
• 29. Chen L, Xiong J, Bao L, Shi Y. Convalescent plasma as a potential therapy for COVID-19. Lancet Infect Dis. 2020;20(4):398-400.