Araştırma Makalesi
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Senaryoya Dayalı Bir Sanal Hasta Programının Hekimlerin Diyabetik Ayak Enfeksiyonu ve Komplike İntraabdominal Enfeksiyon için Mevcut Kılavuzlara Uyumlarını Artırmaya Yönelik Kullanımı

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 3, 240 - 261, 30.09.2019
https://doi.org/10.26453/otjhs.471652

Öz

Diyabetik ayak enfeksiyonu (DAE) ve komplike
intraabdominal enfeksiyon (KIE) hedefli sanal bir hasta programına katılım
sağlayan hekimlerin tanı ve tedavi pratiklerinin değerlendirilmesi
amaçlanmıştır. Bu çalışma DAE (n=210) ve KIE (n=42) hedefli sanal bir hasta
programına katılım sağlayan 252 hekim ile gönüllülük esasına göre yürütüldü.
Hekimlerin bilgisayar grafik teknolojileri temelinde geliştirilen program
dahilinde yaptıkları aşamalı hasta değerlendirilmesi verileri (hasta özellikleri,
hastalık özellikleri, fizik muayene, laboratuvar ve

radyolojik bulgular) kaydedildi. KIE Olgu Senaryosunda, tanı; hekimlerin
%75,0’i tarafından doğrulanırken, cerrahi
 
girişim ve
seftriakson +
metronidazol (37,6%) veya ertapenem (34,1%) en sık yapılan tedavi seçimi idi.
DAE
Olgu Senaryosunda tanı, hekimlerin %98,0’i
tarafından doğrulanırken, hekimlerin %71,0’i en sık ertapenem (%55,0) olmak
üzere antibiyotik tedavisi başlanmasını
 uygun buldu. Sonuç olarak, bulgularımız
“senaryoya dayalı” sanal hasta programlarının sağladığı hızlı ve güncel geri
bildirim ve öğrenim çıktılarının bireysel takibi yoluyla hekimlerin KIE ve DAE
klinik karar alma becerilerinin gelişimine katkıda bulunabileceğini
göstermektedir. Dolayısıyla, bulgularımız hekimlerin KIE için tedavi
uygulamalarının özellikle ampirik antibiyotik seçimi konusunda, DAE tanı ve
tedavi uygulamalarının ise enfeksiyon riskinin daha dikkatli değerlendirilerek
daha uygun ampirik antibiyotik tedavi seçimi yapılması açısından
iyileştirilmesi gerektiğine işaret etmektedir. 

Kaynakça

  • Menichetti F, Sganga G. Definition and classification of intra-abdominal infections. J Chemother. 2009;21(Suppl 1):3-4.
  • Armstrong C. Updated guideline on diagnosis and treatment of intra-abdominal infections. Am Fam Phys. 2010;82:694-709.
  • Brun-Buisson C, Doyon F, Carlet J, et al. Incidence, risk factors, and outcome of severe sepsis and septic shock in adults: a multicenter prospective study in intensive care units. French ICU Group for Severe Sepsis. JAMA. 1995;274:968-974.
  • Sartelli M, Catena F, Ansaloni L, et al. Complicated intra-abdominal infections worldwide: the definitive data of the CIAOW Study. World J Emerg Surg. 2014;9:37.
  • Solomkin JS, Mazuski JE, Bradley JS, et al. Diagnosis and management of complicated intra-abdominal infection in adults and children: guidelines by the Surgical Infection Society and the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2010;50:133-164.
  • Nordmann P, Poirel L, Walsh TR, Livermore DM. The emerging NDM carbapenemases. Trends Microbiol. 2011;19:588-595.
  • Perez F, Van Duin D. Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae: a menace to our most vulnerable patients. Cleve Clin J Med. 2013;80:225-233.
  • Mazuski JE, Gasink LB, Armstrong J, et al. Efficacy and Safety of Ceftazidime-Avibactam Plus Metronidazole Versus Meropenem in the Treatment of Complicated Intra-abdominal Infection: Results From a Randomized, Controlled, Double-Blind, Phase 3 Program. Clin Infect Dis. 2016;62:1380-1389.
  • Uçkay I, Aragón-Sánchez J, Lew D, Lipsky BA. Diabetic foot infections: what have we learned in the last 30 years? Int J Infect Dis. 2015;40:81-91.
  • Lipsky BA, Berendt AR, Cornia PB, et al.; Infectious Diseases Society of America. 2012 Infectious Diseases Society of America clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of diabetic foot infections. Clin Infect Dis. 2012;54:132-173.
  • Amin N, Doupis J. Diabetic foot disease: From the evaluation of the "foot at risk" to the novel diabetic ulcer treatment modalities. World J Diabetes. 2016;7:153-164.
  • UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). Lancet. 1998; 352: 837-853.
  • Zingg M, Nicodeme JD, Uckay I, Ray A, Suva D. Lower limb amputation: indication, preoperative workup and complications. Rev Med Suisse. 2014;17:2409-2413.
  • McKimm J, Jollie C, Cantillon P. ABC of learning and teaching: Web based learning. BMJ. 2003;326:870-873.
  • Maxwell S, Mucklow J. E-Learning initiatives to support prescribing. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2012; 74: 621-631.
  • Zlotos L, Power A, Hill D, Chapman P. A Scenario-Based Virtual Patient Program to Support Substance Misuse Education. Am J Pharm Educ. 2016;80:48.
  • Cook DA, Erwin PJ, Triola MM. Computerized virtual patients in health professions education: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acad Med. 2010;85:1589-1602.
  • Makransky G, Bonde MT, Wulff JS, et al. Simulation based virtual learning environment in medical genetics counseling: an example of bridging the gap between theory and practice in medical education. BMC Med Educ. 2016;16:98.
  • Benedict N. Virtual patients and problem-based learning in advanced therapeutics. Am J Pharm Educ. 2010;74:143.
  • Hawser SP, Bouchillon SK, Hoban DJ, Badal RE, Cantón R, Baquero F. Incidence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae with extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in community- and hospital-associated intra-abdominal infections in Europe: results of the 2008 Study for Monitoring Antimicrobial Resistance Trends (SMART). Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2010;54:3043-3046.
  • Paterson DL, Rossi F, Baquero F, et al. In vitro susceptibilities of aerobic and facultative Gram-negative bacilli isolated from patients with intraabdominal infections worldwide: the 2003 Study for Monitoring Antimicrobial Resistance Trends (SMART). J Antimicrob Chemother. 2005;55:965-973.
  • Yellin AE, Heseltine PN, Berne TV, et al. The role of Pseudomonas species in patients treated with ampicillin and sulbactam for gangrenous and perforated appendicitis. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1985;161:303-307.
  • Bradley JS, Behrendt CE, Arrieta AC, et al. Convalescent phase outpatient parenteral antiinfective therapy for children with complicated appendicitis. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2001;20:19-24.
  • Lin WJ, Lo WT, Chu CC, Chu ML, Wang CC. Bacteriology and antibiotic susceptibility of community-acquired intra-abdominal infection in children. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2006;39:249-254.
  • Mosdell DM, Morris DM, Voltura A, et al. Antibiotic treatment for surgical peritonitis. Ann Surg. 1991;214:543-549.
  • Montravers P, Gauzit R, Muller C, Marmuse JP, Fichelle A, Desmonts JM. Emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in cases of peritonitis after intraabdominal surgery affects the efficacy of empirical antimicrobial therapy. Clin Infect Dis. 1996;23:486-494.
  • Schaper NC, Apelqvist J, Bakker K. The international consensus and practical guidelines on the management and prevention of the diabetic foot. Curr Diab Rep. 2003; 3: 475-479.
  • Frykberg RG. Diabetic foot ulcers: pathogenesis and management. Am Fam Physician. 2002;66:1655-1662.
  • Lipsky BA, Berendt AR, Deery HG, et al; Infectious Diseases Society of America. Diagnosis and treatment of diabetic foot infections. Clin Infect Dis. 2004;39:885-910.
  • Uzun G, Solmazgul E, Curuksulu H, et al. Procalcitonin as a diagnostic aid in diabetic foot infections. Tohoku J Exp Med. 2007;213:305-312.
  • Jeandrot A, Richard JL, Combescure C, et al. Serum procalcitonin and C-reactive protein concentrations to distinguish mildly infected from non-infected diabetic foot ulcers: a pilot study. Diabetologia. 2008;51:347-352.
  • Armstrong DG, Lavery LA, Sariaya M, Ashry H. Leukocytosis is a poor indicator of acute osteomyelitis of the foot in diabetes mellitus. J Foot Ankle Surg. 1996;35:280-283.
  • Eneroth M, Larsson J, Apelqvist J. Deep foot infections in patients with diabetes and foot ulcer: an entity with different characteristics, treatments, and prognosis. J Diabetes Complications. 1999;13:254-263.
  • Frykberg RG. An evidence-based approach to diabetic foot infections. Am J Surg. 2003;186:44-54.
  • Prompers L, Schaper N, Apelqvist J, et al. Prediction of outcome in individuals with diabetic foot ulcers: focus on the differences between individuals with and without peripheral arterial disease. The EURODIALE Study. Diabetologia. 2008;51:747-755.
  • Rajbhandari SM, Sutton M, Davies C, Tesfaye S, Ward JD. ‘Sausage toe’: a reliable sign of underlying osteomyelitis. Diabet Med. 2000;17:74-77.
  • Newman LG, Waller J, Palestro CJ, et al. Unsuspected osteomyelitis in diabetic foot ulcers. Diagnosis and monitoring by leukocyte scanning with indium in 111 oxyquinoline. JAMA. 1991;266:1246-1251.
  • Kapoor A, Page S, Lavalley M, Gale DR, Felson DT. Magnetic resonance imaging for diagnosing foot osteomyelitis: a meta-analysis. Arch Intern Med. 2007;167:125-132.
  • Rao N, Lipsky BA. Optimising antimicrobial therapy in diabetic foot infections. Drugs. 2007;67:195-214.
  • Lipsky BA, Aragón-Sánchez J, Diggle M, et al; International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot. IWGDF guidance on the diagnosis and management of foot infections in persons with diabetes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2016;32(Suppl 1):45-74.

A Scenario-Based Virtual Patient Program To İmprove Adherence To Guidelines for Diabetic Foot İnfection and Complicated İntra-Abdominal İnfection among Physicians

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 3, 240 - 261, 30.09.2019
https://doi.org/10.26453/otjhs.471652

Öz

In the study it was aimed to evaluate diagnostic and practice patterns of
physicians who participated for scenario-based virtual patient programs on
complicated intra-abdominal infection (IAI) and diabetic foot infection (DFI).
This study was
conducted with 252 physicians who participated on a voluntary basis in two
scenario-based virtual patient programs relating to complicated IAI (n=210) and
DFI (n=42) which provide data on stepwise evaluation of patient (patient
characteristics, disease characteristics, physical examination, laboratory and
radiological findings) as requested by the physician and were developed using
computer graphics technology.
For IAI Case Scenario, the diagnosis was confirmed by 75.0% of physicians, while   surgical intervention with ceftriaxone +
metronidazole (37.6%) or with ertapenem (34.1%) was the most commonly selected
treatment modalities. For DFI Case Scenario, the diagnosis was confirmed by
98.0% of physicians, and 71.0% of physicians considered initiation of
antibiotic treatment and mostly with ertapenem (55.0%)
. In conclusion, our findings revealed that use of “scenario-based”
virtual patient programs provided rapid and up-to-date feedback and
self-monitoring of learning outcomes to improve clinical reasoning skills of
physicians on IAI and DFI. Accordingly, our findings indicate practice pattern
of physicians for complicated IAI should be improved in terms of more
appropriate selection of empirical antibiotherapy, while diagnostic and
practice patterns for DFI should also be improved in terms of more careful
assessment of risk factors for infection and appropriate selection of empirical
antibiotherapy.

Kaynakça

  • Menichetti F, Sganga G. Definition and classification of intra-abdominal infections. J Chemother. 2009;21(Suppl 1):3-4.
  • Armstrong C. Updated guideline on diagnosis and treatment of intra-abdominal infections. Am Fam Phys. 2010;82:694-709.
  • Brun-Buisson C, Doyon F, Carlet J, et al. Incidence, risk factors, and outcome of severe sepsis and septic shock in adults: a multicenter prospective study in intensive care units. French ICU Group for Severe Sepsis. JAMA. 1995;274:968-974.
  • Sartelli M, Catena F, Ansaloni L, et al. Complicated intra-abdominal infections worldwide: the definitive data of the CIAOW Study. World J Emerg Surg. 2014;9:37.
  • Solomkin JS, Mazuski JE, Bradley JS, et al. Diagnosis and management of complicated intra-abdominal infection in adults and children: guidelines by the Surgical Infection Society and the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2010;50:133-164.
  • Nordmann P, Poirel L, Walsh TR, Livermore DM. The emerging NDM carbapenemases. Trends Microbiol. 2011;19:588-595.
  • Perez F, Van Duin D. Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae: a menace to our most vulnerable patients. Cleve Clin J Med. 2013;80:225-233.
  • Mazuski JE, Gasink LB, Armstrong J, et al. Efficacy and Safety of Ceftazidime-Avibactam Plus Metronidazole Versus Meropenem in the Treatment of Complicated Intra-abdominal Infection: Results From a Randomized, Controlled, Double-Blind, Phase 3 Program. Clin Infect Dis. 2016;62:1380-1389.
  • Uçkay I, Aragón-Sánchez J, Lew D, Lipsky BA. Diabetic foot infections: what have we learned in the last 30 years? Int J Infect Dis. 2015;40:81-91.
  • Lipsky BA, Berendt AR, Cornia PB, et al.; Infectious Diseases Society of America. 2012 Infectious Diseases Society of America clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of diabetic foot infections. Clin Infect Dis. 2012;54:132-173.
  • Amin N, Doupis J. Diabetic foot disease: From the evaluation of the "foot at risk" to the novel diabetic ulcer treatment modalities. World J Diabetes. 2016;7:153-164.
  • UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). Lancet. 1998; 352: 837-853.
  • Zingg M, Nicodeme JD, Uckay I, Ray A, Suva D. Lower limb amputation: indication, preoperative workup and complications. Rev Med Suisse. 2014;17:2409-2413.
  • McKimm J, Jollie C, Cantillon P. ABC of learning and teaching: Web based learning. BMJ. 2003;326:870-873.
  • Maxwell S, Mucklow J. E-Learning initiatives to support prescribing. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2012; 74: 621-631.
  • Zlotos L, Power A, Hill D, Chapman P. A Scenario-Based Virtual Patient Program to Support Substance Misuse Education. Am J Pharm Educ. 2016;80:48.
  • Cook DA, Erwin PJ, Triola MM. Computerized virtual patients in health professions education: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acad Med. 2010;85:1589-1602.
  • Makransky G, Bonde MT, Wulff JS, et al. Simulation based virtual learning environment in medical genetics counseling: an example of bridging the gap between theory and practice in medical education. BMC Med Educ. 2016;16:98.
  • Benedict N. Virtual patients and problem-based learning in advanced therapeutics. Am J Pharm Educ. 2010;74:143.
  • Hawser SP, Bouchillon SK, Hoban DJ, Badal RE, Cantón R, Baquero F. Incidence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae with extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in community- and hospital-associated intra-abdominal infections in Europe: results of the 2008 Study for Monitoring Antimicrobial Resistance Trends (SMART). Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2010;54:3043-3046.
  • Paterson DL, Rossi F, Baquero F, et al. In vitro susceptibilities of aerobic and facultative Gram-negative bacilli isolated from patients with intraabdominal infections worldwide: the 2003 Study for Monitoring Antimicrobial Resistance Trends (SMART). J Antimicrob Chemother. 2005;55:965-973.
  • Yellin AE, Heseltine PN, Berne TV, et al. The role of Pseudomonas species in patients treated with ampicillin and sulbactam for gangrenous and perforated appendicitis. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1985;161:303-307.
  • Bradley JS, Behrendt CE, Arrieta AC, et al. Convalescent phase outpatient parenteral antiinfective therapy for children with complicated appendicitis. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2001;20:19-24.
  • Lin WJ, Lo WT, Chu CC, Chu ML, Wang CC. Bacteriology and antibiotic susceptibility of community-acquired intra-abdominal infection in children. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2006;39:249-254.
  • Mosdell DM, Morris DM, Voltura A, et al. Antibiotic treatment for surgical peritonitis. Ann Surg. 1991;214:543-549.
  • Montravers P, Gauzit R, Muller C, Marmuse JP, Fichelle A, Desmonts JM. Emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in cases of peritonitis after intraabdominal surgery affects the efficacy of empirical antimicrobial therapy. Clin Infect Dis. 1996;23:486-494.
  • Schaper NC, Apelqvist J, Bakker K. The international consensus and practical guidelines on the management and prevention of the diabetic foot. Curr Diab Rep. 2003; 3: 475-479.
  • Frykberg RG. Diabetic foot ulcers: pathogenesis and management. Am Fam Physician. 2002;66:1655-1662.
  • Lipsky BA, Berendt AR, Deery HG, et al; Infectious Diseases Society of America. Diagnosis and treatment of diabetic foot infections. Clin Infect Dis. 2004;39:885-910.
  • Uzun G, Solmazgul E, Curuksulu H, et al. Procalcitonin as a diagnostic aid in diabetic foot infections. Tohoku J Exp Med. 2007;213:305-312.
  • Jeandrot A, Richard JL, Combescure C, et al. Serum procalcitonin and C-reactive protein concentrations to distinguish mildly infected from non-infected diabetic foot ulcers: a pilot study. Diabetologia. 2008;51:347-352.
  • Armstrong DG, Lavery LA, Sariaya M, Ashry H. Leukocytosis is a poor indicator of acute osteomyelitis of the foot in diabetes mellitus. J Foot Ankle Surg. 1996;35:280-283.
  • Eneroth M, Larsson J, Apelqvist J. Deep foot infections in patients with diabetes and foot ulcer: an entity with different characteristics, treatments, and prognosis. J Diabetes Complications. 1999;13:254-263.
  • Frykberg RG. An evidence-based approach to diabetic foot infections. Am J Surg. 2003;186:44-54.
  • Prompers L, Schaper N, Apelqvist J, et al. Prediction of outcome in individuals with diabetic foot ulcers: focus on the differences between individuals with and without peripheral arterial disease. The EURODIALE Study. Diabetologia. 2008;51:747-755.
  • Rajbhandari SM, Sutton M, Davies C, Tesfaye S, Ward JD. ‘Sausage toe’: a reliable sign of underlying osteomyelitis. Diabet Med. 2000;17:74-77.
  • Newman LG, Waller J, Palestro CJ, et al. Unsuspected osteomyelitis in diabetic foot ulcers. Diagnosis and monitoring by leukocyte scanning with indium in 111 oxyquinoline. JAMA. 1991;266:1246-1251.
  • Kapoor A, Page S, Lavalley M, Gale DR, Felson DT. Magnetic resonance imaging for diagnosing foot osteomyelitis: a meta-analysis. Arch Intern Med. 2007;167:125-132.
  • Rao N, Lipsky BA. Optimising antimicrobial therapy in diabetic foot infections. Drugs. 2007;67:195-214.
  • Lipsky BA, Aragón-Sánchez J, Diggle M, et al; International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot. IWGDF guidance on the diagnosis and management of foot infections in persons with diabetes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2016;32(Suppl 1):45-74.
Toplam 40 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Oguz Karabay 0000-0003-0502-432X

Mehmet Gurlek Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-6761-0271

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Eylül 2019
Gönderilme Tarihi 17 Ekim 2018
Kabul Tarihi 30 Ekim 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

AMA Karabay O, Gurlek M. A Scenario-Based Virtual Patient Program To İmprove Adherence To Guidelines for Diabetic Foot İnfection and Complicated İntra-Abdominal İnfection among Physicians. OTSBD. Eylül 2019;4(3):240-261. doi:10.26453/otjhs.471652

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