Akıllı Telefonların 14-19 Yaş Gençlerde Sağlık Açısından Etkileri

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 4, 483 - 489, 18.12.2023

Abdülhekim Yarbağ , Hayrullah Yazar

https://doi.org/10.26453/otjhs.1325700

Öz

Amaç: Mobil teknolojiler, COVİD-19 pandemisinden bu yana hızla yükseliyor ve genişliyor. Bu çalışma, lise öğrencilerinde akıllı telefon kullanımı ve buna bağlı sağlık sorunlarının (dikkat eksikliği, kifoz, miyop) yeni bir yaklaşımla belirlenmesini amaçlamaktadır.
Materyal ve Metot: 14-19 yaş dahil olmak üzere lise öğrencilerinde akıllı telefon kullanımı ve sağlık üzerine olan etkileri, Google form anket sistemi üzerinden, iki grup oluşturularak, incelenmiştir (Grup I: Üç saatten az ve Grup II: Üç saat ve üzeri). Tanımlayıcı tipteki bu araştırma 10 Kasım -16 Aralık 2022 tarihleri arasında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Anketin güvenirliğini gözlemlemek için SPSS 25.0 programı ile Cronbach's alpha (α = 0,84) değeri hesaplanmıştır.
Bulgular: Anket çalışmasına toplam olarak 242 öğrenci katılmıştır. Öğrencilerin yaş ortalaması 15.94'tür. Grup II'de ilk kez akıllı telefon kullanma yaşı Grup I'e göre daha düşüktü (p=0,013). Grup II'de; uzağı görme bozukluğu (miyopi) (p=0,047), dikkat eksikliği (DE) (p=0,001) ve postür bozukluğu (kifoz) (p=0,004) anlamlı olarak daha yüksek bulundu.
Sonuç: Lise öğrencilerinde akıllı telefonların eğitim amaçlı kullanımı olumlu olarak görülse de yol açtığı sağlık sorunları (miyop, kifoz, dikkat eksikliği) göz ardı edilemez.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Akıllı telefon, dikkat eksikliği, kifoz, miyopi

Health Effects of Smartphones in 14-19 Age Young People

Öz

Objective: Mobile technologies have been rising and expanding rapidly since the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to determine high school students' smartphone use and related health problems (attention deficit, kyphosis, myopia) with a new approach.
Materials and Methods: Using smartphones in high school students, including the ages of 14-19, and its effects on health were examined by creating two groups over the Google form survey system (Group I: Less than three hours and Group II: three hours or more). This descriptive study was conducted between November 10 and December 16, 2022. Cronbach's alpha (α = 0.84) value was calculated with the SPSS 25.0 program to observe the reliability of the questionnaire.
Results: A total of 242 students participated in the survey study. The average age of the students is 15.94. The age of using a smartphone for the first time was lower in Group II compared to Group I (p=0.013). In Group II, distance vision impairment (myopia) (p=0.047), attention deficit (DI) (p=0.001) and postural impairment (kyphosis) (p=0.004) were found to be significantly higher.
Conclusion: Although using smartphones for educational purposes is seen as favourable in high school students, they cannot ignore the health problems (myopia, kyphosis, lack of attention) caused by them.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Attention deficit, kyphosis, myopia, smartphones

Kaynakça

• Sağıroğlu KE, Akkanat Ç. Lise Öğrencilerinin Akıllı Telefon Bağımlılıklarının İncelenmesi . Online Journal of Technology Addiction and Cyberbullying. 2019;6 (2):1-16.
• Iyengar K, Jain VK, Vaishya R. Pitfalls in telemedicine consultations in the era of COVID-19 and how to avoid them. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2020;14(5):797-799. doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2020.06.007
• Ramirez AV, Ojeaga M, Espinoza V, Hensler B, Honrubia V. Telemedicine in minority and socioeconomically disadvantaged communities amidst COVID-19 pandemic. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. 2021;164(1):91-92. doi:10.1177/0194599820947667
• Iyengar K, Upadhyaya GK, Vaishya R, Jain V. COVID-19 and applications of smartphone technology in the current pandemic. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2020;14(5):733-737. doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2020.05.033
• Björkman AS, Spångeus A, Woisetschläger M. Mobile learning device increased study efficiency for radiology residents but with risk of temporary novelty effect. Acta Radiol Open. 2019;8(11):2058460119889871. doi:10.1177/2058460119889871
• Baabdullah A, Bokhary D, Kabli Y, Saggaf O, Daiwali M, Hamdi A. The association between smartphone addiction and thumb/wrist pain: a cross-sectional study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2020;99(10):e19124. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000019124
• Kawabe K, Horiuchi F, Ochi M, Oka Y, Ueno S. Internet addiction: prevalence and relation with mental states in adolescents. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2016;70(9):405-412. doi:10.1111/pcn.12402
• Schwebel DC, Wu Y, Li P, et al. Featured article: evaluating smartphone-based virtual reality to improve Chinese schoolchildren's pedestrian safety: a nonrandomised trial. J Pediatr Psychol.2018;43(5):473-484. doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsx147
• Adachi M, Takahashi M, Shinkawa H, Mori H, Nishimura T, Nakamura K. Longitudinal association between smartphone ownership and depression among schoolchildren under COVID-19 pandemic. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2022;57(2):239-243. doi:10.1007/s00127-021-02196-5
• Demirci K, Akgönül M, Akpinar A. Relationship of smartphone use severity with sleep quality, depression, and anxiety in university students. J Behav Addict. 2015;4(2):85-92. doi:10.1556/2006.4.2015.010
• Altalhi A, Khayyat W, Khojah O, Alsalmi M, Almarzouki H. Computer vision syndrome among health sciences students in Saudi Arabia: prevalence and risk factors. Cureus. 2020;12(2):e7060. doi:10.7759/cureus.7060
• Namwongsa S, Puntumetakul R, Neubert MS, Chaiklieng S, Boucaut R. Ergonomic risk assessment of smartphone users using the rapid upper limb assessment (RULA) tool. PLoS One. 2018;13(8):e0203394. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0203394
• Betsch M, Kalbhen K, Michalik R, et al. The influence of smartphone use on spinal posture-a laboratory study. Gait Posture. 2021;85:298-303. doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2021.02.018
• Arora T, Barbato M, Al Hemeiri S, Omar OM, AlJassmi MA. A mysterious sensation about sleep and health: the role of interoception. BMC Public Health. 2021;21(1):1584. doi:10.1186/s12889-021-11603-0
• do Vale S, Selinger L, Martins JM, Bicho M, do Carmo I, Escera C. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEAS) and emotional processing - a behavioural and electrophysiological approach. Horm Behav. 2015;73:94-103. doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.06.005
• Erland LA, Saxena PK. Melatonin natural health products and supplements: the presence of serotonin and significant variability of melatonin content. J Clin Sleep Med. 2017;13(2):275-281. doi:10.5664/jcsm.6462
• Pereira N, Naufel MF, Ribeiro EB, Tufik S, Hachul H. Influence of dietary sources of melatonin on sleep quality: a Review. J Food Sci. 2020;85(1):5-13. doi:10.1111/1750-3841.14952
• Chaput JP. Sleep patterns, diet quality and energy balance. Physiol Behav. 2014;134:86-91. doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2013.09.006
• Piazza AJ, Knowlden AP, Hibberd E, Leeper J, Paschal AM, Usdan S. Distracted mobile device use among street-crossing college student pedestrians: an observational approach. J Am Coll Health. 2020;1:1-8. doi:10.1080/07448481.2020.1845182
• Manoochehri Khoshinani H, Afshar S, Najafi R. Hypoxia: a double-edged sword in cancer therapy. Cancer Invest. 2016;34(10):536-545. doi:10.1080/07357907.2016.1245317
• Lindner JR. Technology is sometimes a "double-edged sword". J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2019;32(2):A21. doi:10.1016/j.echo.2018.12.007.
• Gulati K, Scimeca JC, Ivanovski S, Verron E. Double-edged sword: therapeutic efficacy versus toxicity evaluations of doped titanium implants. Drug Discov Today. 2021;26(11):2734-2742. doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2021.07.004
• Matar Boumosleh J, Jaalouk D. Depression, anxiety, and smartphone addiction in university students- a cross-sectional study. PLoS One. 2017;12(8):e0182239. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0182239
• Kaya F, Bostanci Daştan N, Durar E. Smartphone usage, sleep quality and depression in university students. Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2021;67(5):407-414. doi:10.1177/0020764020960207
• Pope ZC, Gao Z. Feasibility of smartphone application- and social media-based intervention on college students' health outcomes: a pilot randomised trial. J Am Coll Health. 2022;70(1):89-98. doi:10.1080/07448481.2020.1726925
• Onal S, Toker E, Akingol Z, et al. Refractive errors of medical students in Turkey: one-year follow-up of refraction and biometry. Optom Vis Sci. 2007;84(3):175-80. doi:10.1097/OPX.0b013e3180335c52
• Enthoven CA, Polling JR, Verzijden T, et al. Smartphone Use Associated with Refractive Error in Teenagers: The Myopia App Study. Ophthalmology. 2021;128(12):1681-1688. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2021.06.016
• Mccrann S, Loughman J, Butler JS, Paudel N, Flitcroft DI. Smartphone use as a possible risk factor for myopia. Clin Exp Optom. 2021;104(1):35-41. doi:10.1111/cxo.13092
• In TS, Jung JH, Jung KS, Cho HY. Spinal and pelvic alignment of sitting posture associated with smartphone use in adolescents with low back pain. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(16):8369. doi:10.3390/ijerph18168369
• Faramarzi Kohneh Shahri Y, Ghani Zadeh Hesar N. Validity and reliability of smartphone-based goniometer-pro app for measuring the thoracic kyphosis. Musculoskelet Sci Pract. 2020;49:102216. doi:10.1016/j.msksp.2020.102216