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Assessment of the Presence of Infraorbital Foramen and Accessory Foramen in Adolescent and Adult Populations Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 3, 271 - 277, 15.09.2025
https://doi.org/10.26453/otjhs.1716626

Öz

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the vertical and horizontal dimensions, shape, anatomical location of the infraorbital foramen (IOF) and the presence of accessory infraorbital foramen (AIOF) in adolescent and adult individuals using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Additionally, it aimed to contribute to clinical applications and address the lack of data on the adolescent population in the literature.
Materials and Methods: CBCT images of 1,000 patients who presented to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology between 2021 and 2023 were retrospectively reviewed. A total of 315 individuals (193 males, 122 females) who met the inclusion criteria were included in the study. The dimensions of the IOF, its distances to adjacent anatomical landmarks, its shape, and the presence of AIOF were evaluated.
Results: In this study, IOF dimensions were larger in males, with the horizontal width greater on the right and the vertical height greater on the left. The most common IOF shape was circular, and accessory foramina were present in 31.6% of individuals, more frequently in males on the right. A statistically significant variation in the distance between the IOF and the midline (IOF-ML) with respect to age was observed on the right.
Conclusions: Detailed knowledge of the IOF’s location, shape, and variations is crucial for preventing complications during surgical procedures, particularly infraorbital nerve blocks. The dimensions of the infraorbital foramen and its distances to anatomical landmarks in adolescents are generally similar to those in the adult population.

Etik Beyan

Ethical approval was obtained from the Non-Interventional Clinical Research Ethics Committee of Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University (Date: 17.04.2024, decision no: 2024/07). This study was conducted in accordance with the World Medical Association’s Declaration of Helsinki. All patients provided informed consent for the use of their radiographic data in scientific research.

Kaynakça

  • Lim JS, Min KH, Lee JH, Lee HK, Hong SH. Anthropometric analysis of facial foramina in the Korean population: A three-dimensional computed tomographic study. Arch Craniofac Surg. 2016;17(1):9–13.
  • Moore KL, Dalley AF, Agur AM. Clinically Oriented Anatomy. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2013.
  • Martins-Júnior PA, Rodrigues CP, De Maria ML, Nogueira LM, Silva JH, Silva MR. Analysis of anatomical characteristics and morphometric aspects of infraorbital and accessory infraorbital foramina. J Craniofac Surg. 2017;28(2):528–533.
  • Brandão FH, Machado MRCS, Aquino JEP, et al. The foramen and infraorbital nerve relating to the surgery for external access to the maxillary sinus (Caldwell-Luc). Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2008;12(3):342–346.
  • Sokhn S, Challita R, Challita A, Challita R. The infraorbital foramen in a sample of the Lebanese population: A radiographic study. Cureus. 2019;11(6):e6381. doi:10.7759/cureus.6381
  • Lee T, Lee H, Baek S. A three-dimensional computed tomographic measurement of the location of the infraorbital foramen in East Asians. J Craniofac Surg. 2012;23(4):1169–1173.
  • Çelebi A, Gülsün B. Evaluation of accessory mental foramen and accessory infraorbital foramen with cone-beam computed tomography in the Turkish population. Aust Endod J. 2023;49(1):13–19.
  • Dağıstan S, Miloğlu Ö, Altun O, Umar EK. Retrospective morphometric analysis of the infraorbital foramen with cone-beam computed tomography. Niger J Clin Pract. 2017;20(9):1053–1064.
  • Kazkayası M, Ergin A, Ersoy M, Bengi O, Tekdemir I, Elhan A. Certain anatomical relations and the precise morphometry of the infraorbital foramen-canal and groove: An anatomical and cephalometric study. Laryngoscope. 2001;111(4 Pt 1):609–614.
  • Nanayakkara D, Peiris R, Mannapperuma N, Vadysinghe A. Morphometric analysis of the infraorbital foramen: Clinical relevance. Anat Res Int. 2016;2016:7917343. doi:10.1155/2016/7917343
  • Cutright B, Quillopa N, Schubert W. An anthropometric analysis of the key foramina for maxillofacial surgery. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2003;61(3):354–357.
  • Chung MS, Kim HJ, Kang HS, Chung IH. Locational relationship of the supraorbital notch or foramen and infraorbital and mental foramina in Koreans. Acta Anat (Basel). 1995;154(3):162–166.
  • Lee UY, Nam SH, Han SH, Choi KN, Kim TJ. Morphological characteristics of the infraorbital foramen and infraorbital canal using three-dimensional models. Surg Radiol Anat. 2006;28(2):115–120.
  • Boopathi S, Marx SC, Dhalapathy SL, Anupa S. Anthropometric analysis of the infraorbital foramen in a South Indian population. Singapore Med J. 2010;51(9):730–735.
  • Singh R. Morphometric analysis of infraorbital foramen in Indian dry skulls. Anat Cell Biol. 2011;44(1):79–83.
  • Aggarwal A, Kaur H, Gupta T, Tubbs RS, Sahni D, Batra YK, Sondekoppam RV. Anatomical study of the infraorbital foramen: A basis for successful infraorbital nerve block. Clin Anat. 2015;28(6):753–760.
  • Gupta T. Localization of important facial foramina encountered in maxillofacial surgery. Clin Anat. 2008;21(7):633–640.
  • Ali IK, Sansare K, Karjodkar FR, Salve P. Cone beam computed tomography assessment of accessory infraorbital foramen and determination of infraorbital foramen position. J Craniofac Surg. 2018;29(1):e124–e126. doi:10.1097/SCS.0000000000004120
  • Zdilla MJ, Russell ML, Koons AW. Infraorbital foramen location in the pediatric population: A guide for infraorbital nerve block. Pediatr Anesth. 2018;28(7):697–702.
  • An D, Kumar CK, Vorakulpipat C, Ngamsom S, Kumchai T, Ruangsitt S, Chaiyasamut T, Wongsirichat N. Accessory infraorbital foramen location using cone-beam computed tomography. J Dent Anesth Pain Med. 2023 Oct;23(5):257-264.
  • Raeisi M, Jafari SH, Karimi F, Namazi MR. Location of infraorbital and accessory infraorbital foramina in the Iranian population: A retrospective radiological study with crucial clinical implications. Surg Radiol Anat. 2024;46(1):1–9.
  • Rashmi K, Sinha BK. Morphometric investigation of infraorbital foramen in human dry skulls and its clinical implications: A cross-sectional study from Patna. Stud J Health Res Afr. 2024;5(1):6. doi:10.51168/sjhrafrica.v5i6.1280
  • Misăiloaie A, Tărăboanță I, Stan CI, Budacu CC, Misăiloaie DM, Sava A. Comparison of craniofacial anthropometric measurement accuracy of manual technique vs. cone-beam CT scanning. Diagnostics. 2024 Nov 19;14(22):2595. doi:10.3390/diagnostics14222595

Adölesan ve Yetişkin Popülasyonlarda İnfraorbital Foramen ve Aksesuar Foramen Varlığının Konik Işınlı Bilgisayarlı Tomografi Kullanılarak Değerlendirilmesi

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 3, 271 - 277, 15.09.2025
https://doi.org/10.26453/otjhs.1716626

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışma, konik ışınlı bilgisayarlı tomografi (KIBT) kullanılarak adölesan ve yetişkin bireylerde infraorbital foramenin (IOF) dikey ve yatay boyutlarını, şeklini, anatomik konumunu ve aksesuar infraorbital foramen (AIOF) varlığını değerlendirmeyi amaçlamıştır. Ayrıca, literatürde adölesan popülasyona dair veri eksikliğini gidermeye ve klinik uygulamalara katkıda bulunmayı hedeflemiştir.
Materyal ve Metot: 2021-2023 yılları arasında Ağız, Diş ve Çene Radyolojisi Anabilim Dalı'na başvuran 1.000 hastanın KIBT görüntüleri retrospektif olarak incelenmiştir. Çalışma dahil kriterlerini karşılayan toplam 315 birey (193 erkek, 122 kadın) çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. IOF'nin boyutları, çevre anatomik yapılara olan mesafeleri, şekli ve AIOF varlığı değerlendirilmiştir.
Bulgular: Bu çalışmada, erkeklerde IOF boyutlarının daha büyük olduğu, yatay genişliğin sağ tarafta, dikey yüksekliğin ise sol tarafta daha fazla olduğu bulunmuştur. En yaygın IOF şekli dairesel olup, aksesuar foramenler bireylerin %31,6’sında, daha çok erkeklerde ve sağ tarafta gözlemlenmiştir. IOF ile orta hat (IOF-ML) arasındaki mesafenin yaşa göre sağ tarafta istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık gösterdiği saptanmıştır.
Sonuç: IOF'nin yeri, şekli ve varyasyonları hakkında detaylı bilgi, özellikle infraorbital sinir blokları olmak üzere cerrahi prosedürler sırasında komplikasyonları önlemek için çok önemlidir. Adölesanlarda infraorbital foramenin boyutları ve anatomik dönüm noktalarına olan mesafeleri genellikle yetişkin popülasyondakilere benzerdir.

Etik Beyan

Etik onay Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit Üniversitesi Girişimsel Olmayan Klinik Araştırmalar Etik Kurulu'ndan (Tarih: 17.04.2024, karar no: 2024/07) alınmıştır. Bu çalışma, Dünya Tabipler Birliği'nin Helsinki Bildirgesi'ne uygun olarak yürütülmüştür. Tüm hastalardan radyografik verilerinin bilimsel araştırmalarda kullanılması için aydınlatılmış onam alınmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • Lim JS, Min KH, Lee JH, Lee HK, Hong SH. Anthropometric analysis of facial foramina in the Korean population: A three-dimensional computed tomographic study. Arch Craniofac Surg. 2016;17(1):9–13.
  • Moore KL, Dalley AF, Agur AM. Clinically Oriented Anatomy. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2013.
  • Martins-Júnior PA, Rodrigues CP, De Maria ML, Nogueira LM, Silva JH, Silva MR. Analysis of anatomical characteristics and morphometric aspects of infraorbital and accessory infraorbital foramina. J Craniofac Surg. 2017;28(2):528–533.
  • Brandão FH, Machado MRCS, Aquino JEP, et al. The foramen and infraorbital nerve relating to the surgery for external access to the maxillary sinus (Caldwell-Luc). Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2008;12(3):342–346.
  • Sokhn S, Challita R, Challita A, Challita R. The infraorbital foramen in a sample of the Lebanese population: A radiographic study. Cureus. 2019;11(6):e6381. doi:10.7759/cureus.6381
  • Lee T, Lee H, Baek S. A three-dimensional computed tomographic measurement of the location of the infraorbital foramen in East Asians. J Craniofac Surg. 2012;23(4):1169–1173.
  • Çelebi A, Gülsün B. Evaluation of accessory mental foramen and accessory infraorbital foramen with cone-beam computed tomography in the Turkish population. Aust Endod J. 2023;49(1):13–19.
  • Dağıstan S, Miloğlu Ö, Altun O, Umar EK. Retrospective morphometric analysis of the infraorbital foramen with cone-beam computed tomography. Niger J Clin Pract. 2017;20(9):1053–1064.
  • Kazkayası M, Ergin A, Ersoy M, Bengi O, Tekdemir I, Elhan A. Certain anatomical relations and the precise morphometry of the infraorbital foramen-canal and groove: An anatomical and cephalometric study. Laryngoscope. 2001;111(4 Pt 1):609–614.
  • Nanayakkara D, Peiris R, Mannapperuma N, Vadysinghe A. Morphometric analysis of the infraorbital foramen: Clinical relevance. Anat Res Int. 2016;2016:7917343. doi:10.1155/2016/7917343
  • Cutright B, Quillopa N, Schubert W. An anthropometric analysis of the key foramina for maxillofacial surgery. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2003;61(3):354–357.
  • Chung MS, Kim HJ, Kang HS, Chung IH. Locational relationship of the supraorbital notch or foramen and infraorbital and mental foramina in Koreans. Acta Anat (Basel). 1995;154(3):162–166.
  • Lee UY, Nam SH, Han SH, Choi KN, Kim TJ. Morphological characteristics of the infraorbital foramen and infraorbital canal using three-dimensional models. Surg Radiol Anat. 2006;28(2):115–120.
  • Boopathi S, Marx SC, Dhalapathy SL, Anupa S. Anthropometric analysis of the infraorbital foramen in a South Indian population. Singapore Med J. 2010;51(9):730–735.
  • Singh R. Morphometric analysis of infraorbital foramen in Indian dry skulls. Anat Cell Biol. 2011;44(1):79–83.
  • Aggarwal A, Kaur H, Gupta T, Tubbs RS, Sahni D, Batra YK, Sondekoppam RV. Anatomical study of the infraorbital foramen: A basis for successful infraorbital nerve block. Clin Anat. 2015;28(6):753–760.
  • Gupta T. Localization of important facial foramina encountered in maxillofacial surgery. Clin Anat. 2008;21(7):633–640.
  • Ali IK, Sansare K, Karjodkar FR, Salve P. Cone beam computed tomography assessment of accessory infraorbital foramen and determination of infraorbital foramen position. J Craniofac Surg. 2018;29(1):e124–e126. doi:10.1097/SCS.0000000000004120
  • Zdilla MJ, Russell ML, Koons AW. Infraorbital foramen location in the pediatric population: A guide for infraorbital nerve block. Pediatr Anesth. 2018;28(7):697–702.
  • An D, Kumar CK, Vorakulpipat C, Ngamsom S, Kumchai T, Ruangsitt S, Chaiyasamut T, Wongsirichat N. Accessory infraorbital foramen location using cone-beam computed tomography. J Dent Anesth Pain Med. 2023 Oct;23(5):257-264.
  • Raeisi M, Jafari SH, Karimi F, Namazi MR. Location of infraorbital and accessory infraorbital foramina in the Iranian population: A retrospective radiological study with crucial clinical implications. Surg Radiol Anat. 2024;46(1):1–9.
  • Rashmi K, Sinha BK. Morphometric investigation of infraorbital foramen in human dry skulls and its clinical implications: A cross-sectional study from Patna. Stud J Health Res Afr. 2024;5(1):6. doi:10.51168/sjhrafrica.v5i6.1280
  • Misăiloaie A, Tărăboanță I, Stan CI, Budacu CC, Misăiloaie DM, Sava A. Comparison of craniofacial anthropometric measurement accuracy of manual technique vs. cone-beam CT scanning. Diagnostics. 2024 Nov 19;14(22):2595. doi:10.3390/diagnostics14222595
Toplam 23 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Ağız, Diş ve Çene Radyolojisi
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Çiğdem Şeker 0000-0001-8984-1241

İsmail Çapar 0009-0007-2753-4271

Gediz Geduk 0000-0002-9650-2149

Emre Haylaz 0000-0001-7330-9525

Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Eylül 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 10 Haziran 2025
Kabul Tarihi 11 Temmuz 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 10 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

AMA Şeker Ç, Çapar İ, Geduk G, Haylaz E. Assessment of the Presence of Infraorbital Foramen and Accessory Foramen in Adolescent and Adult Populations Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography. OTSBD. Eylül 2025;10(3):271-277. doi:10.26453/otjhs.1716626

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