Öz
Amaç: Araştırma Türkiye’den göç eden hemşirelerin göç nedenlerinin ve çalışma koşullarının belirlenmesi amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Yöntem: Araştırma tanımlayıcı tasarımda planlanmış olup, Türkiye’den farklı ülkelere hemşire olarak çalışmak için göç etmiş 130 hemşire üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma verilerinin toplanmasında araştırmacılar tarafından oluşturulan, hemşirelerin hem tanıtıcı özelliklerini hem de mesleki göç ve çalışma yaşamına ilişkin durumlarını belirlemeye yönelik 37 soruluk çevrimiçi bir anket formu ile Haziran-Ağustos 2022 tarihleri arasında toplanmış ve araştırmacılar tarafından analiz edilmiştir.
Bulgular: Araştırma sonucunda hemşirelerin daha çok Almanya’ya (% 46.1) göç ettikleri, 2 yıldan az bir süredir o ülkede hemşirelik yaptıkları (% 66 .9), genellikle yataklı servis (% 26.2) ya da özel birimlerde (% 23.1) hemşire olarak (% 72.2) istedikleri birimde (%86.9) çalıştıkları saptanmıştır. Ayrıca göç ettikleri ülkede haftada 40 saat ve daha az çalıştıkları (%73.7), kariyer planına uygun olarak çalıştıkları (% 90) ancak dil problemi (% 30.8) ve oryantasyon problemi (%13.9) yaşadıkları görülmüştür. Hemşirelerin mesleki göç sonucunda mesleki doyum sağladıkları (% 77.6) gittikleri ülkelerde hemşire olarak çalışmayı meslektaşlarına önerebilecekleri (% 87.7) saptanmıştır. Gelecekte bir süre daha gittikleri ülkede çalışmaya devam edecekleri (% 51.5) ve bulundukları ülkeden başka bir ülkeye göç etmek istemedikleri(% 80.8) belirlenmiştir.
Sonuç: Bu çalışma sonucunda hemşirelerin Türkiye’den göç etme nedenleri arasında en fazla ekonomik şartların, yaşam ve çalışma koşullarının diğer ülkelerde daha iyi olmasının, kariyer yapma isteğinin karşılanmamasının ve hakkettiği karşılığı bulamamalarının yer aldığı belirlemiştir. Bu sonuçlara yönelik olarak hemşirelerin göç eğiliminin azaltılması ve nitelikli hemşire işgücü kaybının yaşanmaması için beklenti ve taleplerine uygun olarak mesleki ve çalışma yaşamı koşullarının iyileştirilmesi, mesleki göç nedenlerini daha ayrıntılı analiz edecek çalışmaların yapılması, hemşireleri elde tutacak etkili ve sürdürülebilir hemşire insan gücü politikaları, ekonomik ve sağlık politikalarının belirlenmesi önerilmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Adkoli BV. (2006), Migration of health workers:Perspectives from Bengladesh, India, Nepal,Pakistan andSri Lanka. Regional Health Forum, 10(1), 49-58. Available at: (Accessed 24th March 2024) https://www.researchgate.net/ publication/237483264
- Adhikari R, Melia KM. (2015). The (mis)management of migrant nurses in the UK: a sociological study. Journal of Nursing Management, 23(3), 359-367. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.12141
- Alameddine M, Kharroubi SA, Dumit NY, Kassas S, Diab-El-Harake M, Richa N. (2020). What made Lebanese emigrant nurses leave and what would bring them back? A cross-sectional survey. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2019.103497
- Buchan J. (2002). Global nursing shortages BMJ, 324(7340), 751–752. doi: 10.1136/bmj.324.7340.751
- Buchan J. (2004). International rescue? The dynamics and policy implications of the international recruitment of nurses to the UK. Journal of Health Services and Research Policy, 9 (Suppl. 1), 10–16. https://doi.org/10.1258/135581904322724086
- Buchan J, Sochalski J. (2004), The migration of nurses:Trends and policies. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 82(8), 587-594. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0042-96862004000800008
- Clark PF, Steward JB, Clark DA. (2006), Theglobalization of the labour market for health-careprofessionals. International Labour Review, 145(1-2), 37-64. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1564-913X.2006.tb00009.x
- Davda LS, Gallagher JE, Radford DR. (2018). Migration motives and integration of international human resources of health in the United Kingdom: systematic review and meta-synthesis of qualitative studies using framework analysis. Human Resources for Health, 27, 16(1), 27. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12960-018-0293-9
- Denton S. (2006). Nation-to-nation challenges to addressing the effects of emerging global nurse migration on health care delivery. Policy and Politics in Nursing Practice, 7(3 Suppl.), 76S–80S. https://doi.org/10.1177/1527154406293489
- Goštautaitė B, Bučiūnienė I, Milašauskienė Ž, Bareikis K, Bertašiūt E, Mikelionienė G. (2018). Migration intentions of Lithuanian physicians, nurses, residents and medical students. Health Policy, 122(10), 1126-1131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2018.07.001
- Özkan Ö, Hamzaoğlu O. (2008), Uluslararası sağlık emek göçü: Ne, nasıl, neden? (Sözel Bildiri). TÜSAM 3. Sınıf Çalışmaları Sempozyumu. "Türkiye işçi Sınıfı Ve Emek Hareketi Küreselleşiyor Mu? Kongre Kitabı, İstanbul, 170-188.
- Llop-Gironés A, Vračar A, Llop-Gironés G, Benach J, Angeli-Silva L, Jaimez L, Thapa P, Bhatta R, Mahindrakar S, Bontempo Scavo S, Nar Devi S, Barria S, Marcos Alonso S, Julià M. (2021). Employment and working conditions of nurses: where and how health inequalities have increased during the COVID-19 pandemic? Human Resources for Health, 16, 19(1), 112. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12960-021-00651-7
- Seven A, Adadıoğlu Ö. (2022). Nursing students' attitudes towards brain drain in Turkey: a cross-sectional study. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Nursing Sciences, 14(1), 179-84. https://doi.org/10.5336/ nurses.2021-83339
- Thompson M, Walton-Roberts M. (2019). International nurse migration from India and the Philippines: the challenge of meeting the sustainable development goals in training, orderly migration and healthcare worker retention. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 45 (14), 2583-2599. https://doi.org/10.1080 /1369183X.2018.1456748
- Tie YC, Birks M, Mills J. (2018). The experiences of internationally qualified registered nurses working in the Australian healthcare system: An ıntegrative literature review. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 29(3), 274–284. https://doi.org/10.1177/1043659617 723075
- Turan FD. (2021). Career decision and career decision-making competences as the determinants of nursing fourth grade students’ attitudes towards brain drain. Gümüşhane University Journal of Health Sciences, 10(4), 828- 841. (Original work published in Turkish)
- Vafeas C, Hendrick J. (2018). A heuristic study of UK nurses’ migration to WA: Living the dream downunder. Collegian, 25(1), 89-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colegn.2017.04.001
- Yıldırım T. (2010). Managing policies of health workers migration at the international level: An overview and situation assessment for Turkey. Amme İdaresi Dergisi, 43 (4), 31-65.
- World Health Organization (WHO) (2021). Global strategic directions for nursing and midwifery 2021-2025. Available at: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle /10665/344562 (Accessed 24th March 2023)
Öz
Aim:This study was conducted to evaluation of the status related to the professional migration and working conditions of nurses who migrated professionally from Turkey.
Background: In recent years, the number of nurses going to work abroad has increased due to the increasing need for nurses in countries, particularly due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and economic conditions and this trend is increasing among young nurses as well.
Method: The research was carried out on 130 nurses and between June and August 2022.
Result: The results showed that young, educated, experienced, female nurses who chose their profession willingly and worked in the private sector, migrated to Germany especially during the pandemic to have better economic, working and living conditions. They migrated via agencies and preferred Germany. The nurses mostly worked in inpatient units for less than two years, in accordance with their career plans and with shorter weekly working hours in the countries they migrated to. However, they faced issues related to allowance, language and orientation during and after migration. They were contented after professional migration and they planned to continue working in the country they migrated to for some time. They did not want to migrate to another country from their current location.
Keywords: Migration, Nurse, Nursing, Professional Migration .
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Adkoli BV. (2006), Migration of health workers:Perspectives from Bengladesh, India, Nepal,Pakistan andSri Lanka. Regional Health Forum, 10(1), 49-58. Available at: (Accessed 24th March 2024) https://www.researchgate.net/ publication/237483264
- Adhikari R, Melia KM. (2015). The (mis)management of migrant nurses in the UK: a sociological study. Journal of Nursing Management, 23(3), 359-367. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.12141
- Alameddine M, Kharroubi SA, Dumit NY, Kassas S, Diab-El-Harake M, Richa N. (2020). What made Lebanese emigrant nurses leave and what would bring them back? A cross-sectional survey. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2019.103497
- Buchan J. (2002). Global nursing shortages BMJ, 324(7340), 751–752. doi: 10.1136/bmj.324.7340.751
- Buchan J. (2004). International rescue? The dynamics and policy implications of the international recruitment of nurses to the UK. Journal of Health Services and Research Policy, 9 (Suppl. 1), 10–16. https://doi.org/10.1258/135581904322724086
- Buchan J, Sochalski J. (2004), The migration of nurses:Trends and policies. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 82(8), 587-594. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0042-96862004000800008
- Clark PF, Steward JB, Clark DA. (2006), Theglobalization of the labour market for health-careprofessionals. International Labour Review, 145(1-2), 37-64. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1564-913X.2006.tb00009.x
- Davda LS, Gallagher JE, Radford DR. (2018). Migration motives and integration of international human resources of health in the United Kingdom: systematic review and meta-synthesis of qualitative studies using framework analysis. Human Resources for Health, 27, 16(1), 27. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12960-018-0293-9
- Denton S. (2006). Nation-to-nation challenges to addressing the effects of emerging global nurse migration on health care delivery. Policy and Politics in Nursing Practice, 7(3 Suppl.), 76S–80S. https://doi.org/10.1177/1527154406293489
- Goštautaitė B, Bučiūnienė I, Milašauskienė Ž, Bareikis K, Bertašiūt E, Mikelionienė G. (2018). Migration intentions of Lithuanian physicians, nurses, residents and medical students. Health Policy, 122(10), 1126-1131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2018.07.001
- Özkan Ö, Hamzaoğlu O. (2008), Uluslararası sağlık emek göçü: Ne, nasıl, neden? (Sözel Bildiri). TÜSAM 3. Sınıf Çalışmaları Sempozyumu. "Türkiye işçi Sınıfı Ve Emek Hareketi Küreselleşiyor Mu? Kongre Kitabı, İstanbul, 170-188.
- Llop-Gironés A, Vračar A, Llop-Gironés G, Benach J, Angeli-Silva L, Jaimez L, Thapa P, Bhatta R, Mahindrakar S, Bontempo Scavo S, Nar Devi S, Barria S, Marcos Alonso S, Julià M. (2021). Employment and working conditions of nurses: where and how health inequalities have increased during the COVID-19 pandemic? Human Resources for Health, 16, 19(1), 112. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12960-021-00651-7
- Seven A, Adadıoğlu Ö. (2022). Nursing students' attitudes towards brain drain in Turkey: a cross-sectional study. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Nursing Sciences, 14(1), 179-84. https://doi.org/10.5336/ nurses.2021-83339
- Thompson M, Walton-Roberts M. (2019). International nurse migration from India and the Philippines: the challenge of meeting the sustainable development goals in training, orderly migration and healthcare worker retention. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 45 (14), 2583-2599. https://doi.org/10.1080 /1369183X.2018.1456748
- Tie YC, Birks M, Mills J. (2018). The experiences of internationally qualified registered nurses working in the Australian healthcare system: An ıntegrative literature review. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 29(3), 274–284. https://doi.org/10.1177/1043659617 723075
- Turan FD. (2021). Career decision and career decision-making competences as the determinants of nursing fourth grade students’ attitudes towards brain drain. Gümüşhane University Journal of Health Sciences, 10(4), 828- 841. (Original work published in Turkish)
- Vafeas C, Hendrick J. (2018). A heuristic study of UK nurses’ migration to WA: Living the dream downunder. Collegian, 25(1), 89-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colegn.2017.04.001
- Yıldırım T. (2010). Managing policies of health workers migration at the international level: An overview and situation assessment for Turkey. Amme İdaresi Dergisi, 43 (4), 31-65.
- World Health Organization (WHO) (2021). Global strategic directions for nursing and midwifery 2021-2025. Available at: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle /10665/344562 (Accessed 24th March 2023)
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Hemşirelikte Yönetim, Hemşirelik (Diğer) |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makalesi |
| Yazarlar | |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 17 Aralık 2023 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 27 Mayıs 2024 |
| Erken Görünüm Tarihi | 27 Mart 2025 |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 5 Nisan 2025 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2025 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1 |