Tip 2 Diyabet Yönetiminde Bilgi-Motivasyon ve Davranış Becerileri (IMB) Modelinin Kullanımı

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 3, 408 - 417, 26.12.2021

Eda Kılınç Asiye Kartal

https://doi.org/10.38108/ouhcd.901975

Öz

Tip 2 Diyabet (T2DM), yüksek mortalite ve morbidite oranları nedeniyle küresel bir halk sağlığı sorunudur. Yaygın görülen bu hastalığın öz-yönetiminin sağlanması için bireylerde olumlu sağlık davranışları geliştirilmelidir. Hemşireler, diyabetli bireylerde olumlu davranış değişimi sağlayabilmek için teori ve modellerden destek almaktadır. Bu modellerden biri de Bilgi, Motivasyon ve Davranış Becerileri Modeli’dir (IMB). Diyabet yönetiminde yeni kullanılan bu model, yüksek kaliteli diyabet bakımının niteliklerini, öz-bakım süreçlerini ve sağlık çıktılarını birbirine bağlayarak kapsamlı bir çerçeve sunmaktadır. IMB modeli bilgi, motivasyon ve davranış becerileri bileşenlerinden oluşur. Model, diyabetli bireyde davranış değişikliğinin başlatılması ve sürdürülmesi için bilgi ve motivasyonun oluşması gerektiğini savunur. IMB modeli temelli diyabet öz-yönetimi ile ilişkili bilgiler, diyabet hakkında sağlık eğitimi ve eğitici-hasta iletişimini içermektedir. Bireysel motivasyon, bireyin diyabeti ile ilgili bir davranışın sonuçları hakkındaki diyabet sağlık inançlarını ve öz-yönetim davranışlarına karşı algıladığı tutumları ifade etmektedir. Sosyal motivasyon, öz-yönetim davranışı için bireyin algıladığı sosyal desteği içermektedir. Diyabetli bireylerde motivasyonun artması diyet kontrolü, ilaçlara uyum, düzenli egzersiz, düzenli kan şekeri takibi, diyabetik ayak bakımı ve hiper/hipoglisemi yönetimini pozitif yönde artırmaktadır. Davranışsal beceriler, diyabet öz-etkililiği ve olumlu başa çıkma stratejisini içermektedir. Tip 2 diyabetli bireylerde IMB modeli temelli yapılan araştırmaların müdahaleleri incelendiğinde bireylerin hem metabolik kontrol düzeylerinde (HbA1c) hem de öz-bakım davranışlarında (beslenme ve egzersiz) olumlu gelişmeler saptanmıştır. Gelecek araştırmalarda hemşireler tarafından Tip 2 diyabetli bireylerde IMB modeline dayalı müdahalelerin bilgi bileşeni için bireysel veya grup halinde diyabet öz-yönetim eğitimi verilmesi, motivasyon ve davranış becerileri bileşeni için diyabette etkililiği kanıtlanan Motivasyonel Görüşme Tekniklerinin uygulanması önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Tip 2 Diyabetes Mellitus, model, bilgi, motivasyon, davranış becerileri

Use of the Information-Motivation and Behavioral Skills (IMB) Model in Type 2 Diabetes Management

Öz

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a global public health problem due to its high mortality and morbidity rates. To provide self-management of this common disease, positive health behaviors should be developed in individuals. Nurses receive support from theories and models to provide positive behavioral change in individuals with diabetes. One of these models is the Information, Motivation and Behavioral Skills (IMB) Model. This new model of diabetes management offers a comprehensive framework by linking the attributes of high-quality diabetes care, self-care processes and health outcomes. The IMB model consists of information, motivation, and behavioral skills components. The model argues that information and motivation must be formed to initiate and maintain behavioral change in the individual. It includes information related to the IMB model-based diabetes self-management, health education about diabetes, and educator-patient communication. Individual motivation refers to an individual's diabetes health beliefs about the consequences of a behavior related to diabetes and perceived attitudes towards self-management behaviors. Social motivation includes the individual's perceived social support for self-management behavior. Increasing motivation in individuals with diabetes improves diet control, adherence to medications, regular exercise, regular blood sugar monitoring, diabetic foot care and hyper/hypoglycemia management positively. Behavioral skills include diabetes self-efficacy and positive coping strategy. When studies conducted on individuals with type 2 diabetes were examined, positive improvements were found in both metabolic control levels (HbA1c) and self-care behaviors (nutrition and exercise). In future studies, it is recommended that nurses provide individual or group diabetes self-management education for the information component of IMB model-based interventions in individuals with Type 2 diabetes, and Motivational Interviewing techniques, which have proven effective in diabetes, for the motivation and behavioral skills component.
Keywords: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, model, information, motivation, behavioral skills

Anahtar Kelimeler

Type 2 Diyabetes Mellitus, model, information, motivation, behavioral skills

Kaynakça

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