The Care Process of Newborns Diagnosed with COVID-19 and The Experiences of Their Mothers: A Phenomenological Study
Yıl 2023,
Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 45 - 54, 17.04.2023
Nehir Ulu Ogut
,
Müjde Çalıkuşu İncekar
,
Eda Çeçen
,
Sevim Savaşer
Öz
Objective: This study was conducted to determine care process of newborns diagnosed with COVID-19 and experiences of their mothers diagnosed with COVID-19.
Methods: This phenomenological study was conducted with qualitative design in the III-level neonatal intensive care unit of a tertiary hospital. A semi-structured interview form was used during the interview. The interview was recorded on a tape recorder. Content analysis was used to analyze the data.
Results: Appropriate nursing interventions were applied according to the symptoms of the newborns. Three main themes were determined as “Emotions and thoughts about her newborn and her loved ones”, “Thoughts about the health sector” and “Thoughts about the future”.
Conclusion: The mothers had negative emotions and thoughts such as trauma, fear of loss, sadness, helplessness, longing, social isolation, stigma and positive emotions and thoughts such as attachment, social support and value. The mothers had positive thoughts about the health sector such as value, satisfaction and trust. The mothers had negative thoughts about the future such as worry and social isolation and positive thoughts such as hope.
Destekleyen Kurum
Yoktur.
Kaynakça
- Bao Y, Sun Y, Meng S, Shi J, Lu L. (2020). 2019-nCoV epidemic: address mental health care to empower society. Lancet, 395 (10224), e37–e38. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30309-3
- Buonsenso D, Costa S, Sanguinetti M, Cattani P, Posteraro B, Marchetti S, et al. (2020). Neonatal late onset infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2. American Journal of Perinatology, 37 (8), 869-872. https://doi.org/ 10.1055/s-0040-1710541
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2020). Care for Breastfeeding Women. Accessed on May 25th, 2020. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/ 2019-ncov/hcp/care-for-breastfeeding-women.html
- Chen H, Guo J, Wang C, Luo F, Yu X, Zhang W, et al. (2020). Clinical characteristics and intrauterine vertical transmission potential of COVID‐19 infection in nine pregnant women: a retrospective review of medical records. The Lancet, 395, 809–815. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30360-3
- Colaizzi PF. (1978). Psychological research as the phenomenologist views it. (Vale & K. Mark Eds.). Existential-Phenomenological Alternatives for Psychology. New York: Oxford University Press; 48-71.
- Coughlin M, Gibbins S, Hoath S. (2009). Core measures for developmentally supportive care in neonatal intensive care units: theory, precedence and practice. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 65, 2239-2248. https://doi.org/ [10.1111/j.1365-2648.2009.05052.x]
- Danesh A, Cameron CM, León AJ, Ran L, Xu L, Fang Y, et al. (2011). Early gene expression events in ferrets in response to SARS coronavirus infection versus direct interferon-alpha2b stimulation. Virology, 409 (1), 102-112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2010. 10.002
- Davanzo R, Moro G, Sandri F, Agosti M, Moretti C, Mosca F. (2020). Breastfeeding and coronavirus disease‐2019: Ad interim indications of the Italian Society of Neonatology endorsed by the Union of European Neonatal & Perinatal Societies. Maternal & Child Nutrition, 16 (3), e13010. https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.13010
- Demirutku K. (2020). Uncertainty, control, acceptance. Turkish Psychological Association. Accessed on May 25th, 2020. http://www.psikolog.org.tr/tr/haberler/ www/belirsizlik-kontrol-kabullenme-x531/.
- Dodgson JE, Tarrant M, Chee YO, Watkins A. (2010). New mothers' experiences of social disruption and isolation during the severe acute respiratory syndrome outbreak in Hong Kong. Nursing & Health Sciences, 12 (2), 198-204. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-2018.2010.00520.x
- Dong Y, Mo X, Hu Y, Qi X, Jiang F, Jiang Z, et al. (2020). Epidemiological characteristics of 2143 pediatric patients with 2019 coronavirus disease in China. Pediatrics, 58 (4), 712–713. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2020-0702.
- Fernandez R, Lord H, Halcomb E, Moxham L, Middleton R, Alananzeh I, et al. (2020). Implications for COVID-19: a systematic review of nurses’ experiences of working in acute care hospital settings during a respiratory pandemic. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 111, 103637. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2020.103637
- Holshue ML, DeBolt C, Lindquist S, Lofy KH, Wiesman J, Bruce H, et al. (2020). First case of 2019 novel coronavirus in the United States. New England Journal of Medicine. 382 (10), 929-936. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2001191.
- Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, et al. (2020). Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet, 395, 497- 506. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5.
IAC (2020). Handling the COVID-19 prevention from mental health and psychosocial activities. Accessed on May 25th, 2020. https://interagencystandingcommittee.org/system/files/202003/IASC%20Interim%20 Briefing%20Note%20on%20COVID19%20Outbreak%20Readiness%20and%20Response%20Operations%20%20MHPSS%20%28Turkish%29.pdf
- Kamali Aghdam M, Jafari N, Eftekhari K. (2020). Novel coronavirus in a 15-day-old neonate with clinical signs of sepsis, a case report. Infectious Diseases, 52 (6), 427-429. https://doi.org/10.1080/23744235. 2020.1747634
- Karimi-Zarchi M, Neamatzadeh H, Astgheib SA, Abbasi H, Mirjalili SR, Behforouz A, et al. (2020). Vertical transmission of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) from infected pregnant mothers to neonates: A review. Fetal and Pediatric Pathology, 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1080/15513815.2020.1747120
- Khalid M, Al Rabiah F, Khan B, Al Mobeireek A, Butt TS, Al Mutairy E. (2015). Case report Ribavirin and interferon-α2b as primary and preventive treatment for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: a preliminary report of two cases. Antiviral therapy, 20, 87-91. https://doi.org/10.3851/IMP2792
- Lauer SA, Grantz KH, Bi Q, Jones FK, Zheng Q, Meredith H, et al. (2020). The incubation period of 2019‐nCoV from publicly reported confirmed cases: estimation and application. Med Rxiv. 172 (9), 577-582. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.02.2002 0016
- Lingkong Z, Xuwei T, Wenhao Y, Wang J, Liu X, Liu Z. (2020). First case of neonate infected with novel coronavirus pneumonia in China. Chin J Pediatr. 58, E009. https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.issn.0578-1310. 2020.0009
- Lu Q, Shi Y. (2020). Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and neonate: what neonatologist needs to know. J Med Virol, 1-4. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.25740
- Lu R, Zhao X, Li J, Niu P, Yang B, Wu H, et al. (2020). Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding. Lancet, 395 (10224), 565‐574. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30251-8
- Ma X, Zhu J, Du L. (2020). Neonatal Management During the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Outbreak: The
Chinese Experience. 573 NeoReviews, 21 (5), e293-e297. https://doi.org/ 10.1542/neo.21-5-e293
- Mair-Jenkins J, Saavedra-Campos M, Baillie JK, Cleary P, Khaw FM, Lim WS, et al. (2015). The effectiveness of convalescent plasma and hyperimmune immunoglobulin for the treatment of severe acute respiratory infections of viral etiology: a systematic review and exploratory meta-analysis. The Journal of Infectious
Diseases, 211 (1), 80-90. https://doi.org /10.1093/infdis/jiu396
- Mukhtar S. (2020a). Psychological health during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic outbreak. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 66 (5), 512-516. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764020925835
- Mukhtar S. (2020b). Mental health and psychosocial aspects of coronavirus outbreak in Pakistan: Psychological intervention for public mental health crisis. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 51, 102069. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102069
- Ni MY, Yang L, Leung CM, Li N, Yao XI, Wang Y, et al. (2020). Mental Health, Risk Factors, and Social Media Use During the COVID-19 Epidemic and Cordon Sanitaire Among the Community and Health Professionals in
- Wuhan, China: Cross-Sectional Survey. JMIR Mental Health, 7 (5), e19009. https://doi.org/10.2196/19009
Shigemura J, Ursano RJ, Morganstein JC, Kurosawa M, Benedek DM. (2020). Public responses to the novel 2019 coronavirus (2019-nCoV)in Japan: Mental health consequences and target populations. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 74, 281–282. https://doi.org/10.1111/pcn.12988
- Sim M. (2016). Psychological trauma of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome victims and bereaved families. Epidemiology Health, 38, e2016054. https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2016054
- Society of Pediatrics CMA. (2020). Recommendations for the diagnosis, prevention and control of the 2019 novel coronavirus infection in children (first interim edition). Chinese Journal of Pediatrics, 58, E004. https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.issn.0578-1310.2020. 0004
- UNDP Turkey (2020). COVID-19 pandemic: Humanity needs leadership and solidarity to cope with COVID-19. Accessed on May 1th, 2021. https://www.tr.undp .org/content/turkey/tr/home/coronavirus.html
- Uskudar University (2020). Study of emotion associated with Turkey's coronaphobia and outbreak. Accessed on May 1th, 2021. https://cdn.uskudar.edu.tr/uploads/ files/2020/04/29/turkiye-koronafobi611haritasi1.pdf
- Van Bortel T. (2016). Psychosocial effects of an Ebola outbreak at individual, community and international levels. Bull. World Health Organization, 94, 210–214.
- Wang L, Shi Y, Xiao T, Fu J, Feng X, Mu D, et al. (2020). Chinese expert consensus on the perinatal and neonatal management for the prevention and control of the 2019 novel coronavirus infection. Annals of
Translational Medicine, 8 (3), 47. https://doi.org/ 10.21037/atm.2020.02.20
- WHO (2021). WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard. Accessed on October 2nd, 2021.https://covid19.who .int/
- WHO (2020). Clinical management of severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) when COVID-19 disease is suspected. Interim Guidance. 13 March, Geneva.
- Williams G. (2020). The true worth of a nurse.. time to act!. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 76 (10), 2469-2470. https://doi.org/623 10.1111 / jan.14418
- Zhang W, Du RH, Li B, Zheng XS, Yang XL, Hu B, et al. (2020). Molecular and serological investigation of 2019‐nCoV infected patients: implication of multiple shedding routes. Emerg Microbes Infect, 9 (1), 386‐389. https://doi.org/10.1080/22221751.2020.1729071
- Zhou Y, Hou Y, Shen J, Huang Y, Martin W, Cheng F. (2020). Network-based Drug Repurposing for Human Coronavirus. MedRxiv, 6 (14), 1- 18. https://doi.org/ 10.1101/2020.02.03.20020263
- Zhu N, Zhang D, Wang W, Li X, Yang B, Song J, et al. (2020). A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019. N Engl J Med, 382, 727-733. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2001017
- Zumla A, Hui DS, Perlman S. (2015). Middle East respiratory syndrome. Lancet, 386 (9997), 995‐1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(19)33221-0
COVID-19 Tanısı Alan Yenidoğanların Bakım Süreci ve Annelerinin Deneyimleri: Fenomenolojik Bir Çalışma
Yıl 2023,
Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 45 - 54, 17.04.2023
Nehir Ulu Ogut
,
Müjde Çalıkuşu İncekar
,
Eda Çeçen
,
Sevim Savaşer
Öz
Amaç: Bu çalışma, COVID-19 tanılı yenidoğanların bakım sürecini ve COVID-19 tanılı annelerinin deneyimlerini belirlemek amacıyla yapıldı.
Yöntem: Bu araştırma nitel tasarım olarak fenomenolojik tipte üçüncü basamak bir hastanenin III. düzey yenidoğan yoğun bakım ünitesinde yapıldı. Görüşme sırasında yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu kullanıldı. Görüşme ses kayıt cihazına kaydedildi. Verilerin analizinde içerik analizi kullanıldı.
Bulgular: Yenidoğanın semptomlarına göre uygun hemşirelik girişimleri uygulandı. Annelerin “Yenidoğan ve sevdikleriyle ilgili duygu ve düşünceleri”, “Sağlık sektörü ile ilgili düşünceleri” ve “Gelecek ile ilgili düşünceleri” olmak üzere üç ana tema belirlendi.
Sonuç: Annelerin travma, kayıp korkusu, üzüntü, çaresizlik, özlem, sosyal izolasyon ve damgalanma gibi olumsuz duygu ve düşünceleri ile bağlanma, sosyal destek ve değer gibi olumlu duygu ve düşüncelerinin olduğu görüldü. Annelerin sağlık sektörü hakkında değer, memnuniyet ve güven gibi olumlu düşünceleri vardı. Gelecekle ilgili ise annelerin, endişe ve sosyal izolasyon gibi olumsuz, umut gibi olumlu düşünceleri vardı.
Kaynakça
- Bao Y, Sun Y, Meng S, Shi J, Lu L. (2020). 2019-nCoV epidemic: address mental health care to empower society. Lancet, 395 (10224), e37–e38. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30309-3
- Buonsenso D, Costa S, Sanguinetti M, Cattani P, Posteraro B, Marchetti S, et al. (2020). Neonatal late onset infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2. American Journal of Perinatology, 37 (8), 869-872. https://doi.org/ 10.1055/s-0040-1710541
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2020). Care for Breastfeeding Women. Accessed on May 25th, 2020. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/ 2019-ncov/hcp/care-for-breastfeeding-women.html
- Chen H, Guo J, Wang C, Luo F, Yu X, Zhang W, et al. (2020). Clinical characteristics and intrauterine vertical transmission potential of COVID‐19 infection in nine pregnant women: a retrospective review of medical records. The Lancet, 395, 809–815. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30360-3
- Colaizzi PF. (1978). Psychological research as the phenomenologist views it. (Vale & K. Mark Eds.). Existential-Phenomenological Alternatives for Psychology. New York: Oxford University Press; 48-71.
- Coughlin M, Gibbins S, Hoath S. (2009). Core measures for developmentally supportive care in neonatal intensive care units: theory, precedence and practice. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 65, 2239-2248. https://doi.org/ [10.1111/j.1365-2648.2009.05052.x]
- Danesh A, Cameron CM, León AJ, Ran L, Xu L, Fang Y, et al. (2011). Early gene expression events in ferrets in response to SARS coronavirus infection versus direct interferon-alpha2b stimulation. Virology, 409 (1), 102-112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2010. 10.002
- Davanzo R, Moro G, Sandri F, Agosti M, Moretti C, Mosca F. (2020). Breastfeeding and coronavirus disease‐2019: Ad interim indications of the Italian Society of Neonatology endorsed by the Union of European Neonatal & Perinatal Societies. Maternal & Child Nutrition, 16 (3), e13010. https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.13010
- Demirutku K. (2020). Uncertainty, control, acceptance. Turkish Psychological Association. Accessed on May 25th, 2020. http://www.psikolog.org.tr/tr/haberler/ www/belirsizlik-kontrol-kabullenme-x531/.
- Dodgson JE, Tarrant M, Chee YO, Watkins A. (2010). New mothers' experiences of social disruption and isolation during the severe acute respiratory syndrome outbreak in Hong Kong. Nursing & Health Sciences, 12 (2), 198-204. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-2018.2010.00520.x
- Dong Y, Mo X, Hu Y, Qi X, Jiang F, Jiang Z, et al. (2020). Epidemiological characteristics of 2143 pediatric patients with 2019 coronavirus disease in China. Pediatrics, 58 (4), 712–713. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2020-0702.
- Fernandez R, Lord H, Halcomb E, Moxham L, Middleton R, Alananzeh I, et al. (2020). Implications for COVID-19: a systematic review of nurses’ experiences of working in acute care hospital settings during a respiratory pandemic. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 111, 103637. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2020.103637
- Holshue ML, DeBolt C, Lindquist S, Lofy KH, Wiesman J, Bruce H, et al. (2020). First case of 2019 novel coronavirus in the United States. New England Journal of Medicine. 382 (10), 929-936. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2001191.
- Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, et al. (2020). Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet, 395, 497- 506. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5.
IAC (2020). Handling the COVID-19 prevention from mental health and psychosocial activities. Accessed on May 25th, 2020. https://interagencystandingcommittee.org/system/files/202003/IASC%20Interim%20 Briefing%20Note%20on%20COVID19%20Outbreak%20Readiness%20and%20Response%20Operations%20%20MHPSS%20%28Turkish%29.pdf
- Kamali Aghdam M, Jafari N, Eftekhari K. (2020). Novel coronavirus in a 15-day-old neonate with clinical signs of sepsis, a case report. Infectious Diseases, 52 (6), 427-429. https://doi.org/10.1080/23744235. 2020.1747634
- Karimi-Zarchi M, Neamatzadeh H, Astgheib SA, Abbasi H, Mirjalili SR, Behforouz A, et al. (2020). Vertical transmission of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) from infected pregnant mothers to neonates: A review. Fetal and Pediatric Pathology, 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1080/15513815.2020.1747120
- Khalid M, Al Rabiah F, Khan B, Al Mobeireek A, Butt TS, Al Mutairy E. (2015). Case report Ribavirin and interferon-α2b as primary and preventive treatment for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: a preliminary report of two cases. Antiviral therapy, 20, 87-91. https://doi.org/10.3851/IMP2792
- Lauer SA, Grantz KH, Bi Q, Jones FK, Zheng Q, Meredith H, et al. (2020). The incubation period of 2019‐nCoV from publicly reported confirmed cases: estimation and application. Med Rxiv. 172 (9), 577-582. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.02.2002 0016
- Lingkong Z, Xuwei T, Wenhao Y, Wang J, Liu X, Liu Z. (2020). First case of neonate infected with novel coronavirus pneumonia in China. Chin J Pediatr. 58, E009. https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.issn.0578-1310. 2020.0009
- Lu Q, Shi Y. (2020). Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and neonate: what neonatologist needs to know. J Med Virol, 1-4. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.25740
- Lu R, Zhao X, Li J, Niu P, Yang B, Wu H, et al. (2020). Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding. Lancet, 395 (10224), 565‐574. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30251-8
- Ma X, Zhu J, Du L. (2020). Neonatal Management During the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Outbreak: The
Chinese Experience. 573 NeoReviews, 21 (5), e293-e297. https://doi.org/ 10.1542/neo.21-5-e293
- Mair-Jenkins J, Saavedra-Campos M, Baillie JK, Cleary P, Khaw FM, Lim WS, et al. (2015). The effectiveness of convalescent plasma and hyperimmune immunoglobulin for the treatment of severe acute respiratory infections of viral etiology: a systematic review and exploratory meta-analysis. The Journal of Infectious
Diseases, 211 (1), 80-90. https://doi.org /10.1093/infdis/jiu396
- Mukhtar S. (2020a). Psychological health during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic outbreak. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 66 (5), 512-516. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764020925835
- Mukhtar S. (2020b). Mental health and psychosocial aspects of coronavirus outbreak in Pakistan: Psychological intervention for public mental health crisis. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 51, 102069. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102069
- Ni MY, Yang L, Leung CM, Li N, Yao XI, Wang Y, et al. (2020). Mental Health, Risk Factors, and Social Media Use During the COVID-19 Epidemic and Cordon Sanitaire Among the Community and Health Professionals in
- Wuhan, China: Cross-Sectional Survey. JMIR Mental Health, 7 (5), e19009. https://doi.org/10.2196/19009
Shigemura J, Ursano RJ, Morganstein JC, Kurosawa M, Benedek DM. (2020). Public responses to the novel 2019 coronavirus (2019-nCoV)in Japan: Mental health consequences and target populations. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 74, 281–282. https://doi.org/10.1111/pcn.12988
- Sim M. (2016). Psychological trauma of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome victims and bereaved families. Epidemiology Health, 38, e2016054. https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2016054
- Society of Pediatrics CMA. (2020). Recommendations for the diagnosis, prevention and control of the 2019 novel coronavirus infection in children (first interim edition). Chinese Journal of Pediatrics, 58, E004. https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.issn.0578-1310.2020. 0004
- UNDP Turkey (2020). COVID-19 pandemic: Humanity needs leadership and solidarity to cope with COVID-19. Accessed on May 1th, 2021. https://www.tr.undp .org/content/turkey/tr/home/coronavirus.html
- Uskudar University (2020). Study of emotion associated with Turkey's coronaphobia and outbreak. Accessed on May 1th, 2021. https://cdn.uskudar.edu.tr/uploads/ files/2020/04/29/turkiye-koronafobi611haritasi1.pdf
- Van Bortel T. (2016). Psychosocial effects of an Ebola outbreak at individual, community and international levels. Bull. World Health Organization, 94, 210–214.
- Wang L, Shi Y, Xiao T, Fu J, Feng X, Mu D, et al. (2020). Chinese expert consensus on the perinatal and neonatal management for the prevention and control of the 2019 novel coronavirus infection. Annals of
Translational Medicine, 8 (3), 47. https://doi.org/ 10.21037/atm.2020.02.20
- WHO (2021). WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard. Accessed on October 2nd, 2021.https://covid19.who .int/
- WHO (2020). Clinical management of severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) when COVID-19 disease is suspected. Interim Guidance. 13 March, Geneva.
- Williams G. (2020). The true worth of a nurse.. time to act!. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 76 (10), 2469-2470. https://doi.org/623 10.1111 / jan.14418
- Zhang W, Du RH, Li B, Zheng XS, Yang XL, Hu B, et al. (2020). Molecular and serological investigation of 2019‐nCoV infected patients: implication of multiple shedding routes. Emerg Microbes Infect, 9 (1), 386‐389. https://doi.org/10.1080/22221751.2020.1729071
- Zhou Y, Hou Y, Shen J, Huang Y, Martin W, Cheng F. (2020). Network-based Drug Repurposing for Human Coronavirus. MedRxiv, 6 (14), 1- 18. https://doi.org/ 10.1101/2020.02.03.20020263
- Zhu N, Zhang D, Wang W, Li X, Yang B, Song J, et al. (2020). A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019. N Engl J Med, 382, 727-733. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2001017
- Zumla A, Hui DS, Perlman S. (2015). Middle East respiratory syndrome. Lancet, 386 (9997), 995‐1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(19)33221-0