COVID-19 Pandemi Sürecinde Demanslı Bireylere Bakım Veren Aile Üyelerinin Sağlık Okuryazarlık Düzeyleri ve İlişkili Faktörler

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 55 - 64, 17.04.2023

Merve Aliye Akyol Burcu Akpınar Söylemez Ecem Özgül

https://doi.org/10.38108/ouhcd.1097620

Öz

Amaç: Bu araştırma COVID-19 pandemi sürecinde demanslı bireylere bakım veren aile üyelerinin sağlık okuryazarlık düzeyleri ve ilişkili faktörlerini incelemek amacıyla yapılmıştır.
Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı tipteki araştırma Ekim-Kasım 2021 tarihleri arasında demanslı bireylere bakım veren 114 aile üyesiyle yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada amaçlı örneklem yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Veriler; tanımlayıcı özellikler formu, Avrupa Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Ölçeği (ASOY-TR) ve COVID-19 Korkusu Ölçeği kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Verilerin değerlendirilmesi araştırmacılar tarafından SPSS 24.0 programı kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Değerlendirmede sayı, yüzde, ortalama, One-way ANOVA testi ve ki-kare testi kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Araştırmaya katılan demanslı bireylere bakım verenlerin yaş ortalaması 55.90±10.72 yıl (min-maks:20-79), %82.5’i kadın, %66.7’sinin geliri giderine eşit, %55.4’ü lisans mezunudur. Bakım verenlerin %34.2’sinin yeterli ve mükemmel düzeyde sağlık okuryazarlığına sahip olduğu bulunmuştur. Bakım veren bireylerin genel sağlık okuryazarlığı puan ortalamalarının, çalışma ve eğitim durumlarının sağlık okuryazarlık düzeyleri üzerinde istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı bir fark oluşturduğu (p<0.05) bulunmuştur. Yaş ortalamalarının, cinsiyetlerinin, COVID-19 korkusu, sosyal medyada sağlıkla ilgili bilgileri okuma durumlarının ise fark oluşturmadığı (p>0.05) görülmüştür.
Sonuç: Çalışma COVID-19 pandemi sürecinde demanslı bireylere bakım veren aile üyelerinin sağlık okuryazarlık düzeylerine ve ilişkili faktörlere ışık tutmaktadır. Bu sonuçlar doğrultusunda özellikle çalışmayan ve düşük eğitim seviyesi olan bakım verenlerin sağlık okuryazarlık düzeylerinin geliştirilmesi önerilmektedir. Ayrıca bakım verenlerin üçte ikisinin yetersiz ve sorunlu-sınırlı düzeyde sağlık okuryazarlığına sahip olduğu ortaya konmuştur. Sağlık profesyonellerinin demanslı bireye bakım veren aile üyelerinin sağlık bilgilerine etkin bir şekilde erişmesine, anlamasına, değerlendirmesine ve uygulamasına yardımcı olmaları önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bakım veren, demans, sağlık okuryazarlığı

Health Literacy Levels of Family Caregivers of People with Dementia during the COVID-19 Pandemic and Related Factors

Öz

Objective: This study was conducted to determine health literacy levels and related factors of family caregivers of people with dementia (PwD) during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods: The descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted with 114 family caregivers of PwD between October-November 2021. Purposeful sampling method was used in the study. The data were collected using socio-demographic form, European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire (HLS-EU) and fear of COVID-19 scale. The assessment of the data was carried out by researchers using the SPSS 24.0 program. Number, percentage, mean, One-way ANOVA test and chi-square test were used in the analysis of the data.
Results: The mean age of the caregivers of PwD who participated in the study was 55.90±10.72 years (min-max: 20-79), 82.5% of them were women, 66.7% of them had an income equal to expenses, and 55.4% of them had a bachelor's degree. The 34.2% of the caregivers had sufficient and excellent health literacy level. Statistically significant relationship was found between the health literacy levels of the caregivers and mean scores of general health literacy, working and educational status (p<0.05). There is no statistically significant relationship between the health literacy levels of the caregivers and their mean of age, sex, level of fear of COVID-19, status of reading health information on the internet (p>0.05).
Conclusion: This study sheds light on the health literacy levels and related factors of family caregivers of PwD during the COVID-19 pandemic. In line with these results, it is recommended to improve the health literacy levels of caregivers, especially to those who are unemployed and undereducated. In addition, it has been revealed that two-thirds of caregivers have insufficient and problematic-limited level of health literacy. It is recommended that health professionals help family caregivers of PwD to effectively access, understand, appraise, and apply to/of health information.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Caregiver, dementia, health literacy

Kaynakça

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