İşitme Kaybı Olan Çocuklarda Yürütücü İşlevler Araştırmaları Üzerine Bir Sistematik Derleme

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 1, 165 - 189, 01.03.2022

Emel Ertürk Mustul , Murat Doğan

https://doi.org/10.21565/ozelegitimdergisi.739073

Öz

Giriş: İşitme kaybı olan (İK) çocukların dil gelişimini anlama çabasına son yıllarda bilişsel gelişimi anlama çalışmaları da eklenmiştir. Bu araştırmada temel bilişsel süreçlerden biri olan yürütücü işlevlere odaklanmış araştırmaları derleyerek İK çocuklarda yürütücü işlevlerin diğer bilişsel süreçlerle/becerilerle ilişkisi ve bu çocukların yürütücü işlevler performansı üzerine genel bir bakış açısı ortaya koymak amaçlanmıştır.
Yöntem: Sistematik derleme metodolojisi ile belirlenen dâhil etme ve dışlama ölçütleri doğrultusunda 15 araştırma derleme kapsamına alınmıştır.
Bulgular: Bulgular (a) yürütücü işlevler ile dil arasında karşılıklılık ilişkisi olduğuna, (b) İK çocukların yürütücü işlevler performansının işiten akranlarına göre daha zayıf olduğuna, (c) yürütücü işlevler performansında koklear implantlı ile işitme cihazlı çocuklar arasında ve anadili işaret dili olanlar ile işiten çocuklar arasında farklılık olmadığına, (d) kaynaştırma ortamındaki koklear implantlı çocukların işitme engelliler okulundakilere göre yürütücü işlevlerde daha başarılı olduklarına ve (e) erken eğitim programlarında bilişsel süreçlerin dil ile dengeli biçimde desteklenmesi gerektiğine işaret etmektedir.
Tartışma: İK çocukların yürütücü işlevler performansının işiten akranlarını geriden takip etmesi diğer bilişsel süreçleri inceleyen bazı araştırma bulgularıyla tutarlılık göstermektedir. Yürütücü işlevler ile diğer bilişsel süreçler/beceriler arasında ilişkiye dair bir yargıya varılamadığı, yürütücü işlevler ile dil arasındaki ilişkinin nedensellikten çok karşılıklılık içinde olduğu söylenebilir.
Sonuç ve Öneriler: Bulgular daha fazla araştırmaya ihtiyaç olduğunu göstermekte, yeni araştırmaların da erken eğitim programlarına katkı sağlayacağına inanılmaktadır. Dil gelişimi-bilişsel gelişim dengesinin gözetildiği erken eğitim programlarının İK çocuklar ile işiten akranları arasındaki yürütücü işlevler performans farkının en aza indirilmesinde etkili olabileceği ileri sürülebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

İşitme kaybı olan çocuklar, koklear implant, bilişsel süreçler/beceriler, yürütücü işlevler, erken eğitim programları

Systematic Review of Studies on Executive Functions in Children with Hearing Loss

Öz

Introduction: The aim of this study is to provide a general perspective on the relationship between executive functions and other cognitive processes/skills in children with hearing loss (HL), and performance of these children by reviewing studies focusing on executive functions.
Method: 15 studies on executive functions in children with HL were reviewed.
Findings: The findings indicated that (a) there was an interdependence between executive functions and language, and in terms of executive functions (b) children with HL experienced more difficulties compared to hearing peers, (c) there was no difference between children with cochlear implants and hearing aids, and between native sign language users and hearing children, (d) children with cochlear implants in the inclusion were more successful than those at school for the deaf, and (e) cognitive processes in early education programs should be supported in a balanced manner with language.
Discussion: The finding that children with HL lag behind hearing peers is consistent with the findings of studies examining other cognitive processes. No definitive conclusion was reached regarding the relationship between executive functions and other cognitive processes/skills, although interdependence was found between executive functions and language.
Conclusion and Implications: Findings indicated that further research were needed on the topic and new research may contribute to early education programs. It can be argued that through early education programs, supporting cognitive as well as language development in a balanced manner may help children with HL close the gap with their hearing peers in executive function.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Children with hearing loss, cochlear implant, cognitive processes/skills, executive functions, early education programs

Kaynakça

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