TiO2-ZrO2 katalizörüyle boya gideriminde fotokatalitik arıtım parametrelerinin yüzey yanıt yöntemiyle optimizasyonu

Öz

Kimyasal süreçlerin optimizasyonu için, tek parametrenin değişken kabul edilip diğer parametrelerin sabit tutulması yoluyla gerçekleştirilen geleneksel yöntemler yetersiz kalmaktadır. Yüzey yanıt yöntemi gibi süreci modelleyerek parametrelerin etkileşimine de olanak tanıyan yöntemler hem finansal hem de zamansal açıdan avantaj sağlamaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Maksilon Mavi GRL boyasının fotokatalitik yöntemle giderim parametrelerinin modellenerek optimize edilmesi için yüzey yanıt yöntemi ve merkezi kompozit tasarımı kullanılmıştır. Giderim parametresi olarak katalizör konsantrasyonu, katalizörü üretirken kullanılan ZrO2 miktarı ve reaksiyon süresi seçilmiştir. Yanıt parametresi olarak ise renk giderim verimi incelenmiştir. Tek faktörlü analizde optimum koşullar 0.775g/L katalizör, 0.4 g ZrO2 miktarı ve 45dk. reaksiyon süresi olarak tespit edilmiştir. 3D yüzey ve kontur grafiklerinin analiziyle, katalizör konsantrasyonu ile ZrO2 miktarı parametreleri arasındaki etkileşimin az olduğu, reaksiyon süresi parametresi ile ZrO2 miktarı ve katalizör konsantrasyonu parametreleri arasındaki etkileşimin ise yüksek olduğu değerlendirmesi yapılmıştır. ANOVA analizi ve doğrulama deneyi sonuçları doğrultusunda modelin tahmin değerlerinin analiz değerlerini temsil edebileceği kanıtlanmıştır. Doğrulama deneyi için seçilen optimum seçenekte modelin tahmin ettiği değer %90.154 iken analiz sonucunda %91 giderim verimine ulaşılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• TiO2-ZrO2
• Fotokatalitik arıtma
• Yüzey yanıt yöntemi
• Merkezi kompozit tasarım

Optimization of photocatalytic treatment parameters by response surface method in dye removal with TiO2-ZrO2 catalyst

Abstract

For the optimization of chemical processes, traditional methods by accepting one parameter as variable and keeping other parameters constant are insufficient. Methods that allow the interaction of parameters by modeling the process, such as the response surface method, provide both financial and temporal advantages. In this study, response surface method and central composite design were used to model and optimize the removal parameters of Maxilon Blue GRL dye by photocatalytic method. The catalyst concentration, the amount of ZrO2 used in the production of the catalyst and the reaction time were selected as removal parameters. As a response parameter, the color removal efficiency was investigated. In the single factor analysis, optimum conditions were determined as 0.775g/L catalyst, 0.4g ZrO2 amount and 45min reaction time. With the analysis of 3D surface and contour graphics, it was evaluated that the interaction between catalyst concentration and ZrO2 amount parameters was low, while the interaction of the reaction time parameter with the ZrO2 amount and catalyst concentration parameters was found to be high. In line with the results of the ANOVA analysis and validation experiment, it has been proven that the predicted values of the model can represent the analysis values. In the optimum option chosen for the validation experiment, the estimated value of the model was 90.154%, while 91% removal efficiency was achieved as a result of the analysis.

Keywords

• TiO2-ZrO2
• Photocatalytic treatment
• Surface response method
• Central composite design

Kaynakça

1. [1] Natarajan S, Bajaj HC, Tayade RJ. “Recent advances based on the synergetic effect of adsorption for removal of dyes from waste water using photocatalytic process”. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 65, 201-222, 2018.
2. [2] Hoffmann MR, Martin ST, Choi W, Bahnemann DW. “Environmental Applications of Semiconductor Photocatalysis”. Chemical Reviews, 95, 69-96, 1995.
3. [3] Kaneko M, Okura I. Photocatalysis: Science and Technology. 1st ed. Tokio, Japan, Kodansha, 2002.
4. [4] Salaeh S, Kovacic M, Kosir D, Kusic H, Lavrencic Stangar U, Dionysiou D D, Loncaric Bozic A. “Reuse of TiO2-based catalyst for solar driven water treatment; thermal and chemical reactivation”. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, 333, 117-129, 2017.
5. [5] Kang H, Cheng Z, Lai H, Ma H, Liu Y, Mai X, Wang Y, Shao Q, Xiang L, Guo X, Guo Z. “Superlyophobic anti-corrosive and self-cleaning titania robust mesh membrane with enhanced oil/water separation”. Separation and Purification Technology, 201, 193-204, 2018.
6. [6] Lopez A, Acosta D, Martınez AI, Santiago J. “Nano structured low crystallized titanium dioxide thin films with good photo catalytic activity”. Powder Technology, 202, 111-117, 2010.
7. [7] Sarıoğlu Cebeci M, Selçuk SF. "Atıksudan fotokatalitik yöntemle boya giderimi ve mineralizasyonu". Academic Platform-Journal of Engineering and Science, 8(3), 533-539, 2020.
8. [8] Ramamoorthy S, Das S, Bala R, Lekshmi IC. “TiO2-ZrO2 nanocomposite with tetragonal zirconia phase and photocatalytic degradation of Alizarin Yellow GG azo dye under natural sunlight”. Materials Today: Proceedings, 47, 4641-4646, 2021.

9. [9] Zhang L, Qin M, Yu W, Zhang Q, Xie H, Sun Z, Shao Q, Guo X, Hao L, Zheng Y, Guo Z. “Heterostructured TiO2/WO3 nanocomposites for photocatalytic degradation of toluene under visible light”. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 164, 1086-1090, 2017.
10. [10] Zhao J, Ge S, Pan D, Shao Q, Lin J, Wang Z, Guo Z. “Solvothermal synthesis, characterization and photocatalytic property of zirconium dioxide doped titanium dioxide spinous hollow microspheres with sunflower pollen as bio-templates”. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 529, 111-121, 2018.
11. [11] Olya M E, Vafaee M, Jahangiri M. “Modeling of acid dye decolorization by TiO2-Ag2O nano-photocatalytic process using response surface methodology”. Journal of Saudi Chemical Society, 21(6), 633-642, 2017.
12. [12] Vaizoğullar Aİ, Balci A, Uğurlu M, Karaoğlu MH. “Synthesis of TiO2 and ZrO2/TiO2 composite microspheres and their photo-catalytic degradation of methylene blue”. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 16(1), 54-60, 2016.
13. [13] Vishwanathan V, Roh HS, Kim JW, Jun KW. “Surface properties and catalytic activity of TiO2-ZrO2 mixed oxides in dehydration of methanol to dimethyl ether”. Catalysis Letters, 96(1), 23-28, 2004.
14. [14] Büyükada M. “Ozonlama ile çeşitli model tekstil boyalarından KOİ ve TOK giderimi: Box-Behnken yaklaşımı”. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 25(7), 871-877, 2019.
15. [15] Gokcek OB, Uzal N. “Arsenic removal by the micellarenhanced ultrafiltration using response surface methodology”. Water Supply, 20(2), 574-585, 2020.
16. [16] Souza IP, Crespo LH, Spessato L, Melo SA, Martins AF, Cazetta AL, Almeida VC. “Optimization of thermal conditions of sol-gel method for synthesis of TiO2 using RSM and its influence on photodegradation of tartrazine yellow dye”. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 9(2), 1-9, 2021.
17. [17] Chaker H, Ameur N, Saidi-Bendahou K, Djennas M, Fourmentin S. “Modeling and Box-Behnken design optimization of photocatalytic parameters for efficient removal of dye by lanthanum-doped mesoporous TiO2”. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 9(1), 1-11, 2021.
18. [18] Volkan N, Özmetin E. “Maxilon Blue GRL boyar maddesinin illit kil minerali ile gideriminin optimizasyonu”. Düzce Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 10(1), 216-232, 2022.
19. [19] Liu JZ, Weng LP, Zhang QL, Xu H, Ji LN. “Optimization of glucose oxidase production by Aspergillus niger in a benchtop bioreactor using response surface methodology”. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 19(3), 317-323, 2003.
20. [20] Huang J, Zhu Y, Liu T, Sun S, Ren J, Wu A, Li H. “A novel wetmechanochemical pretreatment for the efficient enzymatic saccharification of lignocelluloses: small dosage dilute alkali assisted ball milling”. Energy Conversion and Management, 194, 46-54, 2019.
21. [21] Kazemalilou S, Alizadeh A. “Optimization of sugar replacement with date syrup in prebiotic chocolate milk using response surface methodology”. Korean journal for food science of animal resources, 37(3), 449-455, 2017.
22. [22] Wang F, Pan K, Wei S, Ren Y, Zhu H, Wu HH, Zhang Q. “Solvothermal preparation and characterization of ordered-mesoporous ZrO2/TiO2 composites for photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes”. Ceramics International, 47(6), 7632-7641, 2021.
23. [23] Juang R, Chioua H, Wua C. “Influence of operating parameters on photocatalytic degradation of phenol in UV/TiO2 process”. Chemical Engineering Journal, 139, 322-329, 2008.
24. [24] Liu HL, Chiou YR. “Optimal decolorization efficiency of Reactive Red 239 by UV/TiO2 photocatalytic process coupled with response surface methodology”. Chemical Engineering Journal, 112(1-3), 173-179, 2005.